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암모니아/물 흡수식 열펌프의 흡수기의 흡수과정에 대한 수치적 해석
鄭恩洙,許其俊 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2000 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.-
A numerical model which simulates the simultaneous heat and mass transfer within a vertical tube absorber of an ammonia/water absorption heat pump was developed. The flow of the liquid film was assumed to be laminar. The film thickness and the velocity distribution of the liquid film were obtained by matching the shear stress at the liquid-vapor interface. A modified Colburn-Drew analysis was used for the vapor phase to determine the heat and mass fluxes at the liquid-vapor interface. The model was used to investigate the effects of the vapor mass flow rate, the diameter and the length of the absorber, and the mass fractions of the vapor and the liquid at inlet on the absorption rates of water and ammonia. It was shown that both ammonia absorption rate and water desorption rate increase near the inlet of the absorber as the mass flow rate of the vapor increases. Absorption rate increases as the diameter of the absorber decreases since heat and mass transfer coefficients increase as the vapor flow rate increases. The effects of the ammonia mass fractions of liquid and vapor on absorption rate were negligible.
냉각수의 영향을 고려한 수직원관형 흡수기의 흡수과정 해석
鄭恩洙,許基俊 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 1999 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.1
Absorption process of water vapor into LiBr/water solution within a vertical tube absorber was investigated numerically. A film of LiBr/water solution flows down inside a vertical tube and the water vapor mixed with air flows concurrently with the liquid film. The coolant outside the tube flows counter-currently with the LiBr/water solution. The water vapor mixed with air as the non-absorbable gas is absorbed into LiBr/water solution film. The flow is assumed to be laminar and fully developed in both liquid and gas phases. The diffusion and energy equations were solved in both phases to give the temperature and concentration, from which heat and mass fluxes were determined. The coolant temperature and the wall temperature are obtained from the energy balance of the coolant. It was shown that the local absorption rate decreases as the mass fraction of air in the water vapor increases. The vapor pressure of water at the liquid-vapor interface reduces significantly since the non-absorbable gas is accumulated near the interface. Total absorption rate increases as the coolant temperature decreases since the rate near the liquid inlet increases as the coolant flow rate increases, but that near the liquid outlet decreases since the water vapor pressure decreases due to the larger absorption rate near the liquid inlet.
분자생물학적 방법에 의한 Trichophyton rubrum의 동정 및 형별 판정
김정애,허창훈,문상은 대한의진균학회 2001 대한의진균학회지 Vol.6 No.4
Background: Trichophyton rubrum is one of the major pathogens causing dermatophytoses on human. The identification of this species by mycological methods are sometimes difficult and time-consuming. Moreover, suitable methods for subtyping of this species are not established yet. Objective: This study was performed to identify and subtype T. rubrum by molecular biological methods. Methods: Total 65 clinical isolates of T. rubrum were included and classified according to the results of 8 mycological tests. Their identification were done by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Subtyping of this species was performed by analyzing the DNA band patterns produced by amplifying the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) area of ribosomal DNA. Results: The 65 strains of T. rubrum could be classified into 5 phenotypic varieties according to the results of mycological tests. All clinical isolates produced identical band pattern with those of standard strains of T. rubrum by RAPD analysis. Amplification of NTS area produced 13 PCR patterns. Conclusion: The confirmative identification of T. rubrum could be done by RAPD analysis regardless of their phenotypic variations. Subtyping of T. rubrum was successfully performed by amplifying NTS area but these PCR patterns were not correlated with their phenotypic characteristics. [Kor J Med Mycol 6(4): 219-228] Keywords: Trichophyton rubrum, Identification, Subtyping, RAPD, Non-transcribed spacer
서병관,류성룡,이송실,허정은,백용현,이재동,최도영,조윤제,김남재,박동석 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-
Objective : The aim of this study was to review systemically clinical trials on the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methods : Computerized literature searches were carried out on seven electronic databases, and hand-searching on some chinese medical journals in library of Kyung Hee Medical Center. Trial data were extracted in a standardized, predefined manner and assessed independently. Results : 1. Thirty reports of clinical trials and two reports of meta-analyses concerning herbal medicine were collected and reviewed Among these reports three medical herbs were applied as topical medicine and others as internal medicine. 2. The western studies established NSAIDs or placebo as their control group. Five chinese reports established formulated herb pill(Ruanshnagshenjin pill) as their control group and Six did not establish a control group at all. 3. ACR was the most highly used diagnostic criteria in the western studies while the Chinese used their official criteria established by their government or the criteria of their text books. 4. 20 reports chose the Lequesne functional index, SHAQ, WOMAC OA index, AIMS, and their own unique scoring system as the criteria of analysing the effect. Others chose clinical symptoms, articular functions, and lab finding as their criteria. 5. 7 single herbs and 19 formulated herbs were studied. Among the formulated herbs, Achyranthes japonica was studied in 10 of the studies and Angelica gigantis Radix in 8, making them the most often studied herbs among the studies.
Huh, Jeong-Eun,Lee, Eun-Ok,Kim, Min-Seok,Kang, Kyung-Sun,Kim, Cheol-Ho,Cha, Bae-Cheon,Surh, Young-Joon,Kim, Sung-Hoon Oxford University Press 2005 Carcinogenesis Vol.26 No.8
<P>Recent studies have revealed that 1,2,3,4,6-penta-<I>O</I>-galloyl-beta-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucose (PGG) has anti-tumorigenic activity <I>in vitro</I>. In the present work, we evaluated the <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> antiangiogenic and antitumor activities of PGG and examined its molecular mechanisms. PGG significantly inhibited the proliferation and tube formation in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at non-cytotoxic concentrations. PGG effectively disrupted the bFGF-induced neo-vascularization in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and in Matrigel plugs in the mice. When mice were intraperitoneally injected, PGG also significantly inhibited tumor angiogenesis induced by Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and the growth of LLC by 57 and 91% of control tumor weight at 4 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed decreased microvessel density, decreased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased tumor cell apoptosis. Similarly, PGG significantly attenuated the expression of COX-2 and VEGF and reduced the secretion of VEGF and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> in bFGF-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 significantly inhibited tube formation and neo-vascularization in CAM, supporting the role of COX-2 in PGG inhibition of angiogenesis. PGG diminished the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2, Jun NH<SUB>2</SUB>-terminal kinase and activated phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a dose-dependent manner in bFGF-treated HUVECs. In addition, p38 inhibitor SB203580 abolished the downregulation of COX-2, VEGF and the antiproliferative activity by PGG. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PGG exerts antitumor activity primarily via inhibition of angiogenesis through COX-2 and MAPK- dependent pathways.</P>
Huh, Jeong-Eun,Kim, Nam-Jae,Yang, Ha-Ru,Cho, Eun-Mi,Baek, Yong-Hyeon,Choi, Do-Young,Kim, Deog-Yoon,Cho, Yoon-Je,Kim, Kang-Il,Park, Dong-Suk,Lee, Jae-Dong The Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2005 대한침구의학회지 Vol.22 No.2
Background & Object : The differentiation of osteoblasts controlled by various growth factors and matrix proteins expression in bone. The aim of this study was to identify the Astragalus membranaceus that may induce the osteogenic activity in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. Methods : The osteogenic activity of Astragalus membranaceus were evaluated by WST-8 assay, ALP activity, RT-PCR analysis of VEGF, OCN, OPN, Col I mRNA, and ELISA or colorimetric analysis, and mineralization by Alizarin red staining in SaOS-2 cells. Results : Astragalus membranaceus had no effect on viability of osteoblastic cells, and dose dependently increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Astragalus membranaceus markedly increased mRNA expression for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and type I collagen (Col 1) in SaOS-2 cells. Extracellular accumulation of proteins such as VEGF, and Col I was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Also, Astragalus membranaceus significantly induced mineralization in the culture of SaOS-2 cells. Conclusion : This study showed that Astragalus membranaceus not affect on viability, but it enhanced ALP activity, VEGF, bone matrix proteins such as OCN, OPN and Col I, and mineralization in SaOS-2 cells. These results propose that Astragalus membranaceus plays an important role in osteoblastic bone formation, and possibly lead to the development of bone-forming drug.