New emergence pattern with variant porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses, South Korea, 2012-2015

Chung, H.C.,Lee, J.H.,Nguyen, V.G.,Huynh, T.M.L.,Lee, G.E.,Moon, H.J.,Park, S.J.,Kim, H.K.,Park, B.K. ELSEVIER 2016 VIRUS RESEARCH Vol.226 No.-

Since outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in the United States in 2013, explosive outbreaks of PED in South Korea have infected all age groups of pigs in 2014-2015year. This study analyzed a large collection of the Spike protein coding gene to infer the spatial-temporal diffusion history of PEDV. The studying results suggested that PEDVs in Korea belonged to different genogroups. While classical G1 was continuingly circulating between provinces of Korea, the pandemic G2a were recently introduced from China and USA. By the application of Bayesian phylogeographical analysis, this study demonstrated the spatial-temporal transmission of PEDVs within Korea. Of the recent emerged G2a viruses, J3142 strains showed potential recombination breakpoint (376-2,143nt) of S1 gene between KNU1303_Korea strain_G2a (KJ451046) and 45RWVCF0712_Thailand strain_G2b (KF724935). The pandemic G2a virus was partial neutralized by the antibodies invoked by the G1- based PED vaccine virus.

유전알고리즘을 이용한 H<SUB>∞</SUB>전력 계통 안정화 장치의 최적 설계

한길만(G. M. Han),이정필(J. P. Lee),정현화(H. H. Chung),정형환(H. H. Chung) 대한전기학회 1999 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1999 No.7

Heme oxygenase-1 mediates nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human periodontal ligament cells

Pi, S.-H.,Jeong, G.-S.,Oh, H.-W.,Kim, Y.-S.,Pae, H.-O.,Chung, H.-T.,Lee, S.-K.,Kim, E.-C. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Journal of periodontal research Vol.45 No.2

<P><I>Pi S-H, Jeong G-S, Oh H-W, Kim Y-S, Pae H-O, Chung H-T, Lee S-K, Kim E-C. Heme oxygenase-1 mediates nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodont Res 2010; 45: 177–183. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S</I></P><P>Background and Objective: </P><P>Although heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a key role in inflammation, its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of action in periodontitis are still unknown. This study aimed to identify the effects of HO-1 on the proinflammatory mediators activated by nicotine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.</P><P>Material and Methods: </P><P>The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>) was evaluated using Griess reagent and an enzyme immunoassay, respectively. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and HO-1 proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis.</P><P>Results: </P><P>Lipopolysaccharide and nicotine synergistically induced the production of NO and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> and increased the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and HO-1. Treatment with an HO-1 inhibitor and HO-1 small interfering RNAs blocked the LPS- and nicotine-stimulated NO and PGE<SUB>2</SUB> release as well as the expression of iNOS and COX-2.</P><P>Conclusion: </P><P>Our data suggest that the nicotine- and LPS-induced inflammatory effects on PDL cells may act through a novel mechanism involving the action of HO-1. Thus, HO-1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontal disease associated with smoking and dental plaque.</P>

Simulation of single grid-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (g-PCXI)

Lim, H.W.,Lee, H.W.,Cho, H.S.,Je, U.K.,Park, C.K.,Kim, K.S.,Kim, G.A.,Park, S.Y.,Lee, D.Y.,Park, Y.O.,Woo, T.H.,Lee, S.H.,Chung, W.H.,Kim, J.W.,Kim, J.G. Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2017 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Single grid-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (g-PCXI) technique, which was recently proposed by Wen et al. to retrieve absorption, scattering, and phase-gradient images from the raw image of the examined object, seems a practical method for phase-contrast imaging with great simplicity and minimal requirements on the setup alignment. In this work, we developed a useful simulation platform for g-PCXI and performed a simulation to demonstrate its viability. We also established a table-top setup for g-PCXI which consists of a focused-linear grid (200-lines/in strip density), an x-ray tube (100-μm focal spot size), and a flat-panel detector (48-μm pixel size) and performed a preliminary experiment with some samples to show the performance of the simulation platform. We successfully obtained phase-contrast x-ray images of much enhanced contrast from both the simulation and experiment and the simulated contract seemed similar to the experimental contrast, which shows the performance of the developed simulation platform. We expect that the simulation platform will be useful for designing an optimal g-PCXI system.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> It is proposed for the single grid-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (g-PCXI) technique. </LI> <LI> We implemented for a numerical simulation code. </LI> <LI> The preliminary experiment with several samples to compare is performed. </LI> <LI> It is expected to be useful to design an optimal g-PCXI system. </LI> </UL> </P>

The evolutionary dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in south-central Vietnam reveals multiple clades evolving from Chinese and Cambodian viruses

Nguyen, T.H.,Than, V.T.,Thanh, H.D.,Nguyen, V.Q.,Nguyen, K.H.,Nguyen, D.T.,Park, J.H.,Chung, I.S.,Jeong, D.G.,Chang, K.T.,Oh, T.K.,Kim, W. Pergamon Press 2015 Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectiou Vol.42 No.-

In Vietnam, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), such as that caused by H5N1 viruses, is the most highly contagious infectious disease that has been affecting domestic poultry in recent years. Vietnam might be an evolutionary hotspot and a potential source of globally pandemic strains. However, few studies have reported viruses circulating in the south-central region of Vietnam. In the present study, 47 H5N1-positive samples were collected from both vaccinated and unvaccinated poultry farms in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam during 2013-2014, and their genetic diversity was analyzed. A common sequence motif for HPAI virus was identified at HA-cleavage sites in all samples: either RERRRKR/G (clades 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.2.1a) or REGRRKKR/G (clade 1.1.2). Phylogenetic analysis of HA genes identified three clades of HPAI H5N1: 1.1.2 (n=1), 2.3.2.1a (n=1), and 2.3.2.1c (n=45). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that these Vietnamese clades may have evolved from Chinese and Cambodian virus clades isolated in 2012-2013 but are less closely related to the clades detected from the Tyva Republic, Bulgaria, Mongolia, Japan, and Korea in 2009-2011. Detection of the coexistence of virus clades 2.3.2.1 and the very virulent 1.1.2 in the south-central regions suggests their local importance and highlights concerns regarding their spread, both northwards and southwards, as well as the potential for reassortment. The obtained data highlight the importance of regular identification of viral evolution and the development and use of region-specific vaccines.

Electric Probe Measurements at Edge Region During H‐Mode Discharges in KSTAR

Bak, J.G.,Oh, Y.S.,Kim, H.S.,Hahn, S.H.,Yoon, S.W.,Jeon, Y.M.,Xiao, W.W.,Ko, W.H.,Kim, W.C.,Kwak, J.G.,Woo, H.J.,Chung, K.S.,the KSTAR project team, WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Contributions to plasma physics Vol.53 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Electrical probe measurements are carried out at the scrape‐off‐layer (SOL) and divertor regions in order to investigate the characteristics of edge plasmas during H‐mode discharges in the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device. Radial profiles of plasma parameters such as electron temperature T<SUB><I>e</I></SUB>, plasma density n<SUB><I>e</I></SUB>, and parallel flow velocity v<I><SUB>‖</SUB></I> are measured by using a fast reciprocating Langmuir probe assembly (FRLPA) at the SOL region. From the FRLPA measurements, it is found that the decay length of temperature λ<I><SUB>Te</SUB></I> and that of density λ<I><SUB>ne</SUB></I> are 2 <I>∼</I> 4 cm and 1 <I>∼</I> 3 cm, respectively. The magnitude of v<I><SUB>‖</SUB></I> near the last closed flux surface (LCFS) is 4 <I>∼</I> 15 km/s. The radial flux due to edge turbulence at the SOL region is investigated by using spectra analysis on electrostatic fluctuation levels such as ion saturation current Ĩ<I><SUB>is</SUB></I> and floating potential <TEX>$ \tilde{\rm V}_f$</TEX> obtained from the FRLPA measurement. The value of the flux is estimated as <I>∼</I> 10<SUP>20</SUP> particle m<SUP>−2</SUP> s <SUP>−1</SUP> near the LCFS. The poloidal distribution of the ion saturation current density j<I><SUB>is</SUB></I> is measured by fixed edge Langmuir probe array (ELPA) at the divertor region, and it is found that the positions of strike points from the ELPA measurement agree well with those reconstructed from the EFIT result using magnetic diagnostic data. From the spectrum analysis on the ELPA measurements at the divertor region during edge localized modes (ELMs) control in the H‐mode discharges, it is observed that the magnitude of <TEX>$ \tilde{\rm j}_{is}$</TEX>(<I>ω</I>) near strike point decreases when the ELMs are suppressed or mitigated (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>

Phase II study of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with irinotecan plus S-1 in locally advanced rectal cancer

Shin, S.J.,Kim, N.K.,Keum, K.C.,Kim, H.G.,Im, J.S.,Choi, H.J.,Baik, S.H.,Choen, J.H.,Jeung, H.C.,Rha, S.Y.,Roh, J.K.,Chung, H.C.,Ahn, J.B. Elsevier Science Publishers 2010 Radiotherapy and oncology Vol.95 No.3

Background and purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative radiation therapy combined with S-1 and irinotecan (SI) in LARC. Materials and methods: Patients were considered LARC if they had a T3/T4 lesion or node positive. Weekly doses of 40mg/m<SUP>2</SUP> irinotecan were intravenously administered once per week during weeks 1-5 of radiotherapy. S-1 (70mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) was given from Monday to Friday in all weeks of radiotherapy. 3-D conformal radiotherapy was given at daily fractions of 1.8Gy for 5days for a total dose of 50.4 (45+5.4)Gy. Surgery was performed 4-6weeks following the completion of chemoradiation. Results: Between June 2006 and November 2007, 43 pts were enrolled. The stage was: cT3 24 patients, cT4 6 patients; 28 patients were cN+. Forty-one patients completed the chemoradiation and 42 patients underwent operation: a low anterior resection was performed in 36 patients, a total colectomy in 1 patient, and an abdominal perineal resection in 5 patients. T downstaging was observed in 50%; 23 N+ patients became N- (55%). The complete pathological response was observed in 9 patients (21%). The 3-year locoregional failure rate, distant failure rate, disease-free survival, and overall survival were 9.5%, 18.6%, 72.1%, and 94.3%, respectively. Only three patients experienced G3 diarrhea; one had G3 sepsis and two had septic shock. Hematological toxicity (G3-G4) was observed in five patients. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the efficacy of preoperative CRT with S-1 and irinotecan with 21% of complete response. However, prompt recognition and management of infection is needed to use it in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

새로운 개념의 Tailored Blank 레이저 용접성 평가 방법에 관한 연구

정봉근,고광문,정경훈,이창희 한국레이저가공학회 1999 한국레이저가공학회지 Vol.2 No.1

This study introduces the new concept in the evaluation criteria of the CO₂laser Tailored Blank weldability. The materials used are 0.7mm, 1.5mm thick low carbon automotive galvanized steels. Welding tests were conducted for both similar thickness(0.7mm-0.7mm, 1.5mm-1.5mm) and dissimilar thickness(0.7mm-1.5mm) cases. The criteria developed for optimum welding conditions were based on relationship between results of die press forming test, weld transverse tensile test, Erichsen test and weld penetration measurements. Application of the developed criteria(fracture ratio, strength ratio and D/To) in obtaining optimum welding condition revealed that a weld which satisfied any of the criteria did not fracture during actual die press test.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP selectively regulates mutant epidermal growth factor receptor by ubiquitination and degradation

Chung, C.,Yoo, G.,Kim, T.,Lee, D.,Lee, C.S.,Cha, H.R.,Park, Y.H.,Moon, J.Y.,Jung, S.S.,Kim, J.O.,Lee, J.C.,Kim, S.Y.,Park, H.S.,Park, M.,Park, D.I.,Lim, D.S.,Jang, K.W.,Lee, J.E. Academic Press 2016 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.479 No.2

Somatic mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a decisive factor for the therapeutic response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in lung adenocarcinoma. The stability of mutant EGFR is maintained by various regulators, including heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). The C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a Hsp70/Hsp90 co-chaperone and exhibits E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The high-affinity Hsp90-CHIP complex recognizes and selectively regulates their client proteins. CHIP also works with its own E3 ligase activity independently of Hsp70/Hsp90. Here, we investigated the role of CHIP in regulating EGFR in lung adenocarcinoma and also evaluated the specificity of CHIP's effects on mutant EGFR. In HEK 293T cells transfected with either WT EGFR or EGFR mutants, the overexpression of CHIP selectively decreased the expression of certain EGFR mutants (G719S, L747_E749del A750P and L858R) but not WT EGFR. In a pull-down assay, CHIP selectively interacted with EGFR mutants and simultaneously induced their ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The expressions of mutant EGFR in PC9 and H1975 were diminished by CHIP, while the expression of WT EGFR in A549 was nearly not affected. In addition, CHIP overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and xenograft's tumor growth of EGFR mutant cell lines, but not WT EGFR cell lines. EGFR mutant specific ubiquitination by CHIP may provide a crucial regulating mechanism for EGFR in lung adenocarcinoma. Our results suggest that CHIP can be novel therapeutic target for overcoming the EGFR TKI resistance.

H₂TiO₃ composite adsorbent foam for efficient and continuous recovery of Li⁺ from liquid resources

Limjuco, L.A.,Nisola, G.M.,Lawagon, C.P.,Lee, S.P.,Seo, J.G.,Kim, H.,Chung, W.J. Elsevier 2016 Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engi Vol.504 No.-

Metatitanic acid (H<SUB>2</SUB>TiO<SUB>3</SUB>) is a promising lithium ion sieve (LIS) that can supplant the traditional manganese oxide-based LIS. To materialize its potential use in continuous Li<SUP>+</SUP> recovery, the H<SUB>2</SUB>TiO<SUB>3</SUB> (HTO) was processed as pliant composite foams. Pre-synthesized HTO particles were incorporated in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix (HTO/PVA) via blending, lyophilisation, and chemical cross-linking. This approach ensured the high quality and convenient loading control of HTO in the foam. The composites were thoroughly characterized and evaluated in terms of Li<SUP>+</SUP> adsorption performance and mechanical durability. At 200wt% HTO loading, the HTO/PVA had minimal capacity loss (6%) and low retardation (8%) in Li<SUP>+</SUP> uptake rate relative to the well-dispersed unsupported HTO powder. Such superior performance can be attributed to the high open pore network, uniform HTO distribution, and good wettability of the foam. Moreover, the composite maintained the Li<SUP>+</SUP> selectivity of HTO in seawater suggesting minimal non-selective metal ion adsorption on the support matrix. The foam maintained its performance and mechanical integrity after several uses, demonstrating its high suitability for long-term application in Li<SUP>+</SUP> mining from liquid resources like seawater.