열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

새로운 매체현실과 문화변화

최문규,김회봉,조경식,서규환 한국독일어문학회 2000 독일어문학 Vol.11 No.-

Der Begriff "Medienrealita¨t" ist heute aktuell geworden. Obwohl die Medien zur Vemittlung der Kommunikation auch in der Vergangenheit sehr verallgemeinert worden sind, gelten sie heute nicht mehr als bloβes Mittel. Die Entwicklung der elektronischen bzw. technologischen Medien vera¨ndert sowohl die Realita¨t unserer Welt als auch das Sein schlechthin. Der Begriff "Medienrealitat" ist synonym mit den anderen Begriffen wie "digitaler Schein" bzw. "virtuelle Realita¨t". "Informationsgesellschaft", die den tradierten Gegensatz zwischen Sein und Schein. dem Wahren und dem Falschen auflo¨st und zu einer neuen "Form der Realita¨t" avanciert werden. Um die Medienrealita¨t zu analysieren. werden im zweiten Kapitel die verschiedenen Elemente illuminiert, durch die neue Medienrealita¨t und Kultur konstituiert werden: ganz neue "immaterielle Basis der Information. Macht der Bilder, Geschwindigkeit, neue computerielle Wahrnehmung. "Medienwerk". Diese Elemente beherrschen sowohl die Realita¨t als auch die Kultur. Abschlieβend wird die Mo¨glichkeit reflektiert. wie die Kunst (besonders die Literatur) die Medienrealita¨t u¨berwinden und ihre alternativen Wege ero¨ffnen kann. Im dritten Kapitel wird der Begriff "virtuelle Realita¨t" philosopisch uberpruft, wobei er die Gemeinsamkeiten mit den tradierten philosophischen Begriffen wie "dynamis, "potentia, "virtualite"~possibi1ite usw. teilt. Auch kann der Widerspruch der "virtuellen Realita¨t" besta¨tigt werden, die vor allem auf der radikalen Vera¨nderung von Technik. Information und Kapital basiert. Das heiβt: es ist ein Widerspruch oder die Verhu¨llung der ontologischen Implikation, daβ die virtuelle Realita¨t durch die allma¨hliche Negierung ihrer Virtualita¨t zur Realita¨t erhoben wird. Im vierten Kapitel wird das Verha¨ltnis der Gesellschaft zu Umwelt. Information und Medien aus der Sicht der Luhmannschen Systemtheorie betrachtet. Daraus ergibt sich. dass die Gesellschaft als Sozialsystem bei ihrer Selbstreproduktion mit der Leitdifferenz von System/Umwelt operiert und damit die elbstreproduktion der Gesellschaft von der Vera¨nderung ihrer Umwelt (Technik, Bewuβtsein, Organismus usw.) abha¨ngig ist. Dabei ist deutlich, dass Medien (Schrift. Buchdruck. Elektronik usw.). die zur Verbreitung der Informationen dienen, bei der Evolution der Gesellschaft eine entscheidende Rolle gespielt haben. Schlieβlich handelt es sich um die unterschiedlichen soziologischen Theorien u¨ber das Verhaltnis von Medien und Gesellschaft. In den Vordergrund treten dabei die Theorien von D. Bell und M. Poster. Bells Theorie der postindustriellen Gesellschaft behandelt die Entwicklung der Technologie. die heute die Kultur und die Gesellschaftsstruktur stark vera¨ndert. Gegen Bell postuliert Poster eine Wende von der Produktionsweise zur Informationsweise, indem er die erwandtschaft mit der postmodernen Theorie teilt. Seiner Perspektive zufolge gilt heute nicht das Kapital. sondern die Information als Hauptmovens der Gesellschaft. Die Medien ko¨nnen weder das Absolute noch die Utopie sein. Was der Euphorie der sog. "idealen Entwicklung der Medien" kritisch gegenu¨berstehen kann. ist nichts anderes als die kritische Reflexion der Kunst.

DNA 수준에서 한국인 HLA-Class Ⅰ 대립유전자형 및 일배체형 분포 : the Molecular Basis

최희백,김형재,김태규,김창규,정태준,한훈 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1997 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.2 No.1

The products of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) have been detected by the serological or cellular methods. With the evailability of DNA sequences for alleles of the HLA system, and with the development of molecular biological techniques it has been possible to define the genotypes in HLA genes. And the amplification of DNA using sequence-specific primers has been proved as a reliable and rapid method for typing of HLA class II genes. We studied the distribution of the HLA-A, -B, C genotypes on 114 unrelated individuals by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMs-PCR). 13, 24 and 14 alleles in HLA-A, B and C genes were detected in normal Korean. The genotypes showing frequencies more than 18 percent were A*02(65.8%), A*24(02, 03) (41.2%), A*33(01, 02) (21.1%), A*11(01, 02) (20.2%), B*15(01, 02, 03, 04, 05)/B52(011, 012) (21.9%), B815(01, 04, 05, 06, 07, 12, 19, 20) (19.3%), B*40(02, 04, 05, 06) (18.4%), Cw*08(01, 02, 03) (28.9%), Cw*0303(27.2%), Cw*0304(26.3%) and Cw*01(01, 02) (24.6%). And most common 2-loci hyplotypes with frequencies larger than 0.04 were A*02-B*15(02, 08, 11, 15) (HF: 0.045), A*24(02, 03)-B*51(01, 02, 03, 04, 05)/*52(011, 012)(HF:0.044), B*51(01, 02, 03, 04, 05)/*52 (011, 012)-Cw14(01, 02) (HF: 0.069). These results suggest that the DNA typing of HLA class I may be an efficient typing method compared with the conventional method.

마른명태 식해의 향기성분과 기능성

최청,구태호,장운빈,최희진,우희섭,손규목 한국식생활문화학회 2002 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.17 No.5

The volatile compounds of Myungtae (Alaska pollack) sikhae obtained by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction(SDE) apparatus were separated by gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The totals of 155 volatile flavor components was identified in traditional Kyungsangdo Myungtae (Alaska pollack) sikhae, respectively. α-Zingihirene(11.03%) (E)-di-2-propenyl disulfide(7.95%) β-cironellol(6.02%), methyl allyl disulfide(3.58%), cryptone(3.39%), camphene(3.23%), pentano(3.21%), penadecanal(2.66%) and β-phellandrene(2.06%) were contained as the main compounds of Myungatae shikae. The fraction obtained from sikhae were tested for electron donating ability, angiotensin converting enzyme and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. There was no electron donation abilities(SC_50) of hexane and water fraction. On the other hand, the abilities of ethylacetate fraction and butanol fraction showed 310.64 ㎍.mL, 1096.49 ㎍/mL, respectively. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities(IC_50) of ethylacetate fraction and butanol fraction were 1.623 mg/mL, 1.303 mg/mL, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities(IC_50) of ethylacetate fraction and butanol fraction were 3.591 mg/mL, 2.803 mg/mL, respectively.

한국인의 온열쾌적감 평가 및 쾌적지표의 적용성에 관한 연구 : Part I : 청년층의 겨울철 체감실험 결과

김동규,김경철,김광호,박희욱,최광환 동의공업대학 1998 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

The purposes of this study are to investigate the correlation between SET*(PMV) and thermal sensation of Koreans through subjective judgement and to find out thermal comfort zone of Koreans indicated by SET*(PMV) as compared with ASHRAE Standard 55-74 comfort zone. In this paper, results of one series of experiments conducted in winter season are reported. The subjects wore standard uniforms and remained sedentary throughout the experiment. Skin temperature at 3 sites was measured. Thermal sensation and comfort sensation were voted every 15 minutes. The thermal sensation vote was consisted of a seven-point scale in which -3 was cold, -2=cool, -1=slightly cool, 0=neutral, +1=slightly warm, +2=warm, +3=hot. And the comfort sensation vote consisted of a four-point scale in which 0 was comfortable, +1=slightly comfortable, +2=uncomfortable, +3=very uncomfortable. The results in the winter subjective experiment were follows. 1) SET*(TSV=0) of young subjects was 25.5℃. 2) The thermally neutral zone of young subjects was 24.2∼26.8℃(SET*). This zone included ASHRAE comfort zone and was shown to extend to higher range. Part I : Analysis of Subjective Judgement in Winter Experiment

건설현장 근로자들의 안저예방실태와 사고예방과의 개선요인 조사연구

심규범,남철현,최상복,이송권,이정희,이순자,문기내,김문환 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2003 保健福祉硏究 Vol.8 No.-

This study was conducted to examine aspects of health and safety education and demand level of safety education in construction job sites in order to provide direction of safety education development. The subjects of this study were 566 workers who were working in construction job sites located in Daegu City and Kyungbuk Province. Data were collected from June 1, 2002 to August 30, 2002. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. According to safety education by experience methods, the proportion of education by lecture was highest (90.6%). The proportion of education by field practice was 13.1%. 2. Among the education methods which they thought as the most desirable method, the proportion of audio-visual education was 39.4% and the proportion of education by experience was 37.5%. Those who had more monthly income and higher education level preferred audio-visual education, while those who were younger and less educated preferred education by experience. 3. In the case of the contents of the safety education which they thought as the most important one, the proportion of enhancement of safety awareness and education of risk factors was highest (24.7%). The groups of older workers, having longer working period, and belonging to higher education level preferred these contents. 4. According to the factors which were most important to increase effectiveness of the safety education were workers' voluntary participation (27.7%), 40 to 49 years old (27.7%), and monthly income of one million, five hundred thousand won to one million, nine hundred ninety thousand won (32.0%). The proportions of lower educated workers and working as daily workers were also high. 5. The variable which most influenced the safety education was age. The safety awareness of construction job sites was the second highest influential variable. From above results, it is clear that the workers' participation in the safety education was low since most of the safety educations were formal education by lecture. Although they participated in the education, the education was also not effective because they compulsorily participated in it. Therefore, it can be concluded that effective alternative policies must be formulated.

고등급 보안 시스템을 위한 IPSec 시스템 기능 명세

유희준,김영미,최진영,서동수,노병규 고려대학교 컴퓨터과학기술연구소 2001 JOURNAL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING TECHNOLO Vol.3 No.-

현대 사회는 인터넷 사용자의 증가와 제반 기술의 비약적인 발전으로 사회활동 전반에 대한 인터넷 기반 서비스가 이루어지고 있다. 이런 과정에서 발생한 중요한 문제중의 하나가 불특정 다수가 자유로이 통신을 하기 위해 개발된 인터넷상에서 사용자의 보안을 보장해주는 것이다. 최근에 와서 인터넷상에서 개인 정보유출로 인한 많은 피해가 발생하면서 정보보호에 대한 관심이 더욱 증가하고 있다. 현재 이 문제를 해결하기 위하여 많은 보안 관련 시스템들이 개발되고 있으며, 세계 각 국의 표준 기구에서는 이러한 시스템에 대한 등급을 평가하고 있다. 각 등급을 살펴보면, 시스템 개발 초기부터 정형기법을 이용하여 개발되어진 시스템들이 고등급을 획득하고 있다. 국내에서도 한국정보보호센터(KISA)에서 보안 시스템에 대한 등급을 평가를 수행하면서 정형기법을 이용하여 땅세 검증된 시스템에게 K5이상의 고등급을 부여하고 있다. 이러한 등급을 살펴보면, 시스템의 기능을 정형명세언어를 이용해서 명세하는 부분을 공통적으로 요구하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 높은 보안 등급의 IPSec 관련 시스템을 개발하기 위해서 정형명세언어인 Z를 이용해서 IPSec의 동작을 명세하였다. The modern community is moving across the whole areas based on Internet with the growing Internet users and the great technological development. One of the important things that can be problem in this community is that the Internet should assure secure networking and security mechanism for the many security-ignorant users. Recently, Due to a lot of damages like a personal drain, security concerns is growing very rapidly. Now, many security application system is developing to solve this problem and each of the world standard organizations is evaluating these security application systems. Considering the each levels, we found that system using formal methods from the initial system development process acquired the high-level. In domestic, KISA manages the evaluation of security system and gives the higher than K5 to the system that specified and verified using formal methods. In this all levels, it should be required the system specification part. In this paper, we specified IPSec using formal specification language Z to develope the high-level IPSec system.

측뇌실내 수막종 : 임상분석 및 수술접근법 Clinical Analysis and Surgical Approach

양희진,김동규,정희원,이현구,김현집,조병규,최길수,한대희 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.10

The authors present six cases of lateral ventricle meningiomas treated at Seoul National University Hospital between 1979 and 1991. These six cases of lateral ventricular meningiomas constitute 1.8 percent of all intracranial meningiomas and 16.7 percent of mass lesions of the lateral ventricle. The mean age was 29 years ranging from 11 to 50 years, younger than that or intracranial meningiomas with a statistical significance(p<0.01). Four of the patients were women and two were men. All cases were located in the trigonal area. The most common clinical symptoms and signs were related to increased intracranial pressure such as headache, nausea and vomiting. Based on the clinical presentation and radiological features(CT. MRI and angiography), correct preoperative diagnosis was possible in five cases. Gross total removal of the tumor was achieved in all cases. There was no operative mortality. A temporal gyrus approach was used in five cases with good surgical results. The benefits and drawbacks of each surgical approach for meningiomas of the lateral ventricle is discussed with review of pertinent literatures.

무기고분자응집제를 이용한 조류의 응집제거

김규동,최영균,김희준,곽종운,정태학 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.5

An Experimental study was conducted for the removal of algae using various inorganic coagulants. Cultivation of algae, investigation of turbidity and chlorophyll-a removal efficiency according to the dosage of coagulants were conducted in series using a jar-tester in this study. Alum, PAC (Polyaluminum chloride), PAC-2 (Concentrated Polyaluminum chloride), PAC-Ca (PAC with Ca), PFC (Polyferricchloride) and PACS (Polyaluminum chlorinate silicate) with various SiO_2 content were used as coagulants. Algae grew up to about 1,500㎍ chlorophyll-a/l in 30 days. Cultivated algae was diluted to 150㎍ chlorophyll-a/l for the laboratory experiment. Decrease of pH was the lowest when PACS-5 was used as a coagulant, while it was the highest when PAC was used. Host of the coagulants showed high turbidity removal rate when the dosage was 1-3 mg Al/l. PFC showed stable turbidity removal efficiency and 80% of removal efficiency could be obtained when the dosage was 1.34 mg Fe/l. Among the coagulants, PACSs showed relatively higher removal efficiency of chlorophyll-a and it was the highest when PACS-5 was used. It means that inorganic coagulant including silicate is more advantageous in the removal of algae, and appropriate content of silicate on the basis of molar ratio of Al to Si is an important factor affecting the stability and settleability of the alum floc.

3-Joint Planar Type 로봇 매니퓰레이터의 자기동조적응제어에 관한 연구

김규로,양희주,유용석,최명진,오택열 慶熙大學校 大學院 院友會 1996 高凰論集 Vol.17 No.-

This study has parallelogram trajectory tracking of Three Joint Planar type Robot Manipulator. The equation of motion for the three joint planar manipulator are obtained by substituting Lagrange's energy expression into Euler-Lagrange's equation and forming the appropriate derivative. Lagrangian method allows us to obtain the dynamics equations for very complicated systems in the simplest manner possible. SISO model is used for design of the controller. The design of controllers may be considered primary controller for manipulators to track the desired trajectory under ideal conditions and secondary controller to compensates for undesirable deviations of the motion from the trajectory caused by external and internal disturbances. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency by self-tunning adaptive control and considering a characteristic of control. Through the computer simulation, obtained the following results 1) selt-tunning adaptive control is superior to PD control, 2) During the learning period, the adaptive control algorithm is searching proper estimates and controller gains. After this period, the outputs of the joints start tracking closely the desired valued.