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Muhammad Ashraf Javid,Toshiyuki Okamura,Fumihiko Nakamura,Shinji Tanaka,Rui Wang 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.1
This paper aims to identify the relationships between people’s attitudes on service quality attributes of private car and public transport, and intentions to use public transport under situational constraints, mobility restrictions on car use, public transport incentives and moral obligation. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Lahore and 354 usable samples obtained. Results revealed that people’s intentions to use public transport vary under different situations and mobility restrictions. The fiscal restrictions and policy of car entry restriction have significant influence on changing people’s intentions. Modeling results revealed that social/ aesthetic, personal and instrumental attitudinal aspects of private car and public transport are underlying factors in determining the people’s intentions towards public transport under stated conditions. It is argued that social/aesthetic and personal dimensions of public transport should have equal importance in making improvements along with instrumental dimensions. This study implicates that improvement in service quality of public transport need to integrate with mobility restrictions on car use for effective change of travel behavior. The findings of this study would be helpful for concerned authorities in considering the appropriate attributes of public transport for improvement, and other related policy measures to make significant promotion from car to public transport.
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Role of mechanical flow for actin network organization
Kang, Byungjun,Jo, Seunghan,Baek, Jonghyeok,Nakamura, Fumihiko,Hwang, Wonmuk,Lee, Hyungsuk Elsevier 2019 ACTA BIOMATERIALIA Vol.90 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The major cytoskeletal protein actin forms complex networks to provide structural support and perform vital functions in cells. <I>In vitro</I> studies have revealed that the structure of the higher-order actin network is determined primarily by the type of actin binding protein (ABP). By comparison, there are far fewer studies about the role of the mechanical environment for the organization of the actin network. In particular, the duration over which cells reorganize their shape in response to functional demands is relatively short compared to the <I>in vitro</I> protein polymerization time, suggesting that such changes can influence the actin network formation. We hypothesize that mechanical flows in the cytoplasm generated by exogenous and endogenous stimulation play a key role in the spatiotemporal regulation of the actin architecture. To mimic cytoplasmic streaming, we generated a circulating flow using surface acoustic wave in a microfluidic channel and investigated its effect on the formation of networks by actin and ABPs. We found that the mechanical flow affected the orientation and thickness of actin bundles, depending on the type and concentration of ABPs. Our computational model shows that the extent of alignment and thickness of actin bundle are determined by the balance between flow-induced drag forces and the tendency of ABPs to crosslink actin filaments at given angles. These results suggest that local intracellular flows can affect the assembly dynamics and morphology of the actin cytoskeleton.</P> <P><B>Statement of Significance</B></P> <P>Spatiotemporal regulation of actin cytoskeleton structure is essential in many cellular functions. It has been shown that mechanical cues including an applied force and geometric boundary can alter the structural characteristics of actin network. However, even though the cytoplasm accounts for a large portion of the cell volume, the effect of the cytoplasmic streaming flow produced during cell dynamics on actin network organization has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that the mechanical flow exerted during actin network organization play an important role in determining the orientation and dimension of actin bundle network. Our result will be beneficial in understanding the mechanism of the actin network reorganization occurred during physiological and pathological processes.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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