5 or 7 : Is the Choice So Important in Acceptability Judgment Testing?

Sanghoun Song,Eunjeong Oh 한국언어학회 2016 언어 Vol.41 No.3

Song, Sanghoun and Oh, Eunjeong. 2016. 5 or 7: Is the Choice So Important in Acceptability Judgment Testing? Korean Journal of Linguistics, 41-3, 449-480. This article concerns whether two different numbers of points on a Likert scale task produces different results in acceptability judgment testing. The most popular numbers of points on response scales are 5 and 7, and there seems to be no clear consensus about which of the two is better and why. As the same goes for experimental syntax studies, the choice of the numbers of points on the scales still remains questionable, though the Likert scale task has been widely employed in acceptability judgment testing. The present study compares two experimental data sets using the same stimuli sentences but with different point scales (5 and 7). It includes 46,356 data points and 506 Korean native speakers participated in the study. The comparison between the 5- and 7-point scale data is made in terms of (a) variance of data points, (b) convergence between the linguists’ judgments and the participants’ judgments, and (c) response time. The comparative analysis reveals that the two different point scales do not yield significantly different results. Yet, it is also observed that there exist pros and cons to both sides. The 7-point scale is more demanding than the 5-point scale to the extent that the middle point is rather scarcely used. On the other hand, the 5-point scale is sloppier than the 7-point scale to the extent that the latter captures the variation in acceptability judgments across the participants slightly better. (Incheon National University & Sangmyung University)

외국어 교실에서의 문학작품을 활용한 지도 방안

김은정 ( Kim¸ Eun-jeong ),김동규 한국일본어교육학회 2020 日本語敎育 Vol.0 No.94

This study examined the ways in which literature can be taught systematically and effectively in a foreign language classroom. In spite of a number of attractions of using literature as course materials in foreign language classrooms, such as offering interesting topics, exposing learners to authentic language, literature has not been actively utilized in many classrooms. Therefore, in this article, based on the review of literature on teaching foreign languages through literature, the researchers aimed to offer the guidelines on how to teach literature effectively in foreign language classrooms, to introduce some teaching models such as the staged reading model (ie. the pre-, the while-, and the post-reading) and the story structure-based literature teaching. We also presented the lesson plan based on these two reading models. Lastly, the article ends with pedagogic suggestions.

베이비붐세대 남성의 자살에 대한 태도(Q방법론 연구)

신은정 ( Shin¸ Eun Jeong ),김희숙 ( Kim¸ Hee Sook ) 한국정신간호학회 2021 정신간호학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify attitudes of male baby boomers towards suicide. Methods: Q-Methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-five q-statements were selected from total 110 statements. The recruited P-sample consisted of thirty-three male baby boomers in 1 town and 4 cities. Q-statements were classified into a shape of normal distribution of a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed using PQMethod Program 2.11. Results: Three types of attitudes towards suicide were identified. The first type was self-overcoming type that oppose suicide. The second type was burden recognition type with ambivalence toward suicide. The third type was social support-seeking types that oppose suicide. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to apply a suicide prevention program differentiated according to the three types for suicide prevention among male baby boomers in Korea.

지능형 미디어 영역의 알 권리에 관한 공법적 고찰 ― 알고리즘 기반 추천 시스템에 대한 이용자 권익 보장의 관점에서 ―

권은정 ( Kwon¸ Eun-jeong ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2021 법학논총 Vol.38 No.1

인터넷 통신에 기반한 디지털 플랫폼이 오늘날에는 뉴스를 비롯한 유형 불문의 데이터를 유통시키는 보편적 미디어로 부상하고 있다. 동시에 인공지능과 같은 지능정보기술에 대한 수용성이 가장 높은 분야도 바로 디지털 미디어이다. 본 논문에서는 인공지능 알고리즘, 특히 추천 알고리즘에 기반하여 각종 미디어 콘텐츠를 중개하는 디지털 미디어 서비스 영역을 ‘지능형 미디어’로 정의한다. 지능형 미디어는 전통적인 언론 미디어와 달리 대중적 미디어이자 개인화된 미디어로서 공공성과 공리성이라는 이원적 속성을 동시에 내포한다. 이러한 관점에서, 추천 시스템을 활용하는 지능형 미디어는 알고리즘에 의하여 콘텐츠를 선별하고 개인화된 미디어 환경을 제공함에 따라 미디어의 다원성과 미디어 이용자의 알 권리를 저해할 수 있다는 우려도 제기된다. 사실상 인공지능 알고리즘은 막대한 데이터가 집약된 플랫폼 이용 환경을 양질화하고 뉴스 팩트체크 역량도 인간에 비해 월등하다. 또한 개인화된 미디어가 반드시 민주적 다원성을 위축시키거나 이용자의 알 권리를 침해하는 것으로 귀결되지도 않는다. 이러한 역설적 효과에 기초하여 지능형 미디어 특유의 위상을 인정할 수 있고, 나아가 전통적인 미디어와 이용자 간에 문제 삼았던 ‘액세스권’ 차원의 알 권리가 플랫폼의 콘텐츠 매개 서비스에 대한 소비자의 선택권 보장을 위한 수단적 권리로 변모한 것에 주목할 필요가 있다. 요컨대, 지능형미디어 이용자의 알 권리는 모든 콘텐츠에 대한 것이 아니라, ‘적용된 알고리즘 시스템의 주요 정보에 대한 접근권’으로서의 실질을 갖는다. 플랫폼 서비스에 획일적으로 적용되는 알고리즘이 콘텐츠 소비 환경의 결정적 요인으로 작용한다면, 콘텐츠의 성격에 따라서는 미디어 이용자의 선택권과 알 권리를 현저히 제약하는 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 특히 언론사 콘텐츠를 매개하는 경우에는 서비스 계약 또는 이용시점에 플랫폼의 자체 알고리즘의 주요 기준이 표시되어 이용자가 이에 대하여 수용 또는 배제할 수 있는 기회, 이른바 ‘알고리즘 선택권’이 주어질 필요가 있다. 뉴스 콘텐츠에 적용되는 추천 알고리즘은 시의성, 공신력, 정확성 등 합리적 추천 요인이 우선되어야 하며, 시장지배적 플랫폼이 과거 이용 데이터를 주요 변수로 하는 자동 배열 시스템을 채택하는 경우에도 뉴스 콘텐츠의 공적 가치를 담보하기 위한 최소한의 의무를 회피할 수 없다. 언론사를 비롯한 콘텐츠 편집권자의 공적 책임은 인공지능 시스템 영역에 전가되는 것이 아니라, 콘텐츠를 매개하는 플랫폼과 관리적·기술적 조치를 이행할 의무를 분담하는 것으로 전환될 뿐이다. 지능형 미디어의 콘텐츠 생산·매개(플랫폼)·배열(알고리즘) 간의 기능 분담에 따라 책임귀속을 재정립할 필요가 있으며, 그 전제로서 알고리즘의 투명성과 책무성이 담보될 수 있도록 이용자의 선택권 보장 및 자율검증 방안이 순차적으로 확립되어야 할 것이다. Today, digital platforms based on internet are emerging as universal media for distributing news and other types of data. At the same time, digital media is also the most receptive area for intelligent information technology such as artificial intelligence (AI). In this paper, the area of digital media service that intermediates various media contents based on AI algorithms, especially recommendation algorithms, is defined as ‘intelligent media’. In the newly reorganized convergence media area, intelligent media, unlike legacy media, simultaneously implies dual attributes of utilitarianity and publicness. On the premise of this, concerns are raised that digital platforms do not function as ‘neutral’ media, but can undermine plurality and the right to know as they select content through recommendation algorithms and provide a personalized media environment. In fact, AI algorithms quantify the environment for using platforms that contain huge amounts of data, and their ability to check news fact is superior to humans. Nor does personalized media necessarily result in diminishing democratic plurality or infringing upon users' right to know. Based on these paradoxical effects, It is worth noting that the right to know at the ‘access’ level, which has been an issue between legacy media and users, has been transformed into right as a means to guarantee consumers' choice in intelligent media services. Users' right to know in intelligent media should be not for all content, but for the ‘access to key information of the applied algorithm system.’ Above all, if an algorithm system that cannot be replaced or excluded within a media platform is consequently equivalent to ‘automated decision-making’, then the criteria for content exposure should be displayed at the time of service subscription or utilization and the opportunity for exclusion from application, so-called ‘options for applying algorithms’ should be given. In particular, when applying recommendation algorithms to news content, reasonable recommendation factors such as timeliness, public confidence and accuracy should be prioritized, and market-dominating digital platforms using automated content curation systems based on recommendation algorithms in which past user data plays a major role cannot evade the minimum obligation to ensure the public value of the media, even if they are protected as the freedom of expression. The public responsibility of platforms, including legacy media, is not passed on to the area of AI systems, but only shifts to sharing the duty to implement technical and managerial measures with the platforms that mediate the contents. Reestablishment of responsibility according to the division of functions between content production, mediation (platform), and curation (algorithm) of intelligent media, and in order to ensure transparency and accountability of algorithms, options for applying algorithms and self-assessment measures should be established sequentially.

코리아 문학의 시각과 문학교육

김은정 ( Kim¸ Eun-jeong ) 민족문학사학회·민족문학사연구소 2020 민족문학사연구 Vol.74 No.-

이제까지 한국에서 북한 교육에 대한 논의는 통일교육 내에서 진행되었다. 정부는 교육에 있어 남북의 동질성 강조를 우선하였으나 현장에서는 이를 반영하지 않았다. 대부분의 연구자들은 북한의 사상이 통일을 저해하고 있는 것으로 결론 냈다. 그리고 북한 자료는 이념성이 강해 북한 문학교육에 적합하지 않다는 입장이었다. 이 연구는 이러한 논의에서 벗어나 남북의 동질성은 물론 차이까지도 문학교육에 담아야 한다는 입장이다. 그 방법으로 첫째, 문학사를 통해 남북, 연변문학과 총련문학의 교집합인 작가들의 작품을 기준으로 삼아 선정하는 방법, 둘째, 북한 『국어』 교과서 분석을 통한 방식, 셋째, 남북 교과서 비교를 통해 도출 안을 내는 방법, 넷째, 북한의 서정시나 리얼리즘 소설을 단절이 아닌 연속성의 관점에서 살피는 방법, 다섯째, 북한 문학을 외국문학의 관점에서의 접근, 여섯째, 북한문학 가운데 남과 북의 공동의 기억과 남한소재 작품으로 접근하는 방법, 일곱째, 동화를 통한 문학교육의 접근 방식 등 문학교육의 기준을 세우는 방법으로 일곱 가지의 문학교육방법을 제안하였다. 방법론에 대한 제언을 위해 남·북·연변문학사, 남북 교과서를 비교 검토하였으며, 북한의 대입 시험문제 검토를 통해 접점과 쟁점을 도출하였다. 그리고 수렴 가능한 작품들을 제안하였다. North Korean education in South Korea have been discussed within the unification education. The South Korean government emphasized the homogeneity of South and North Korea in education, but it was not reflected in the field. The researchers related to the unification education have concluded that North Korea’s ideology is hindering unification. In addition, the ideology was strong in the work, so it was not suitable for North Korean literature education. This study should break away from these discussions and include both the homogeneity of the South and the North as well as differences in literature education. To this end, the following is suggested. First, through the history of literature, taking works by writes that make up the intersection of North and South, Yanbian and Chongryon literatures as a standard and selecting North Korea literature to educate; Second, selecting them through [Korean textbooks] analysis of North Korean; Third, coming up with a derivation plan through comparison of the North and South Korean textbooks; Fourth, looking at continuity rather than a break, such as North Korea’s lyric poetry or realism novel; Fifth, approaching to North Korean literature from the perspective of foreign literature, Sixth, approaching to a shared memory of North and South Korea, and South Korean material works among North Korean literatures; Lastly, approaching to literary education through fairy tales, in this way, this study propose seven ways to set standards for literary school. In order to suggest a methodology, the North and South Korean literature history and the Korean textbooks were compared and reviewed, and points of contact and issues were drawn through the review of North Korean college entrance examination questions and based on some works that could converge.

예비교사의 다문화 교사 정체성 발달에 관한 연구 : 주체성과 타자성에 대한 정신분석학적 고찰을 중심으로

김은정 ( Kim¸ Eun-jeong ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2020 교육문화연구 Vol.26 No.6

본 연구는 다문화 교사 정체성 발달과정에 대해 심층적으로 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 통해 교원양성 과정 및 교사교육과정에 주는 시사점을 찾고자 한다. 본 연구는 특히 개인과 환경 간 상호작용에 대해 복합적 조망을 가능케 하고, 그 심리사회적 관계의 역동성을 이해하는 데 도움을 주는 접근으로서 정신분석학적 관점을 주요 연구방법으로 채택하여, 다문화 교사 정체성 발달의 문제를 주체성과 타자성 간의 불가분의 관계를 중심으로 탐구하였다. 특히 라캉 정신분석학적 이론은 주체의 욕망을 깊이 있게 탐구하고 분석하는데 유용한 개념적 도구를 제공해줌으로써 우리가 자신과 비슷한 것뿐만 아니라 상당히 다른 것, 낯선 것으로부터도 배울 수 있게 도와주고, 교수자가 가져야 할 ‘가르치는 열정’의 본 모습을 구별할 수 있게 해준다. 이는 소수의 다문화 학생들을 더 잘 이해하는 것을 넘어 각각의 학생들이 교실에 가져오는 다양성을 더 잘 이해하고 존중할 수 있게 해 주는 것이기도 하다. 본 연구에서는 구체적으로 한 예비교사의 교생실습 경험을 중심으로 다문화정체성 발달과정에 대한 사례를 정신분석학적 관점에서 고찰하고 이것이 비판적, 변혁적 교사교육에 주는 시사점을 찾는다. 정신분석적 사례연구를 위해서는 자화상적 글쓰기, 교육실습 전후 심층 면담, 반성적 저널 등을 통해 질적 연구자료를 수집, 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 다문화 시대에 부응하는 변혁적 교사교육을 위해 자기 정체성과 맞닿아 있는 교사정체성의 발달과 실재의 윤리가 갖는 중요성을 확인할 수 있다. The purpose of this research is to get a deep understanding of the multicultural teacher identity development. Especially it attempted to find some implications for teacher education program and curriculum with the preservice teacher’s multi-cultural identity development. To implement this aim, the research chose a psychoanalytic approach as the main research method, which enables us to get a complex understanding of the interplay between individual and environment, and helps to better understand the dynamics of the psycho-social relationship. Focusing on the relation between subjectivity and otherness, this research has examined the issue of multicultural teacher identity development. Particularly, it drew on some significant implications by reconsidering a case of pre-service teacher from a psychoanalytic perspective

국어교사의 비대면 쓰기 지도 실태 조사 연구

이은정 ( Lee¸ Eun-jeong ),박현 ( Park¸ Hyun ),백유진 ( Baek¸ Yu-jin ) 한국어교육학회 2021 국어교육 Vol.- No.174

This study suggests effective ways to teach writing in the post COVID-19 era by analyzing the condition of non-face-to-face writing instruction in Korean class. For doing this, the study analyzed the results of a survey of 130 in-service Korean language teachers on the status, method, content of writing instruction and their perception on the writing instruction. The results are as follows. First, Korean language teachers mainly instructed writing by using face-to-face and non-face-to-face methods parallelly amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, in non-face-to-face situations, Korean language teachers mainly instructed writing by using videos in online classes. Third, Korean language teachers addressed “writing expressing friendship and emotions” the most in non-face-to-face writing instruction. Fourth, in non-face-to-face situations, Korean language teachers tended to perceive the reviewing process as the most difficult process and the content generating process as the easiest process to instruct in the writing process. Finally, Korean language teachers tended to perceive face-to-face writing instruction as the most effective method for writing instruction.

Measurements of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in high saline conditions using P17

Mun, Eunjeong,Lee, Sangyoup,Kim, Inhyuk,Kwon, Boksoon,Park, Heedueng,Hong, Seungkwan IWA Publishing 2013 WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -WATER SUPPLY- Vol.13 No.2

sion='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC '-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN' 'journalpublishing.dtd'><article article-type='research-article' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type='pmc'>ws</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type='pubmed'>WS</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type='publisher'>Water Science & Technology: Water Supply</journal-id><issn pub-type='ppub'>1606-9749</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IWA Publishing</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type='doi'>10.2166/ws.2013.019</article-id><article-id pub-id-type='other'>jWSTWS.v13.i2.pg265</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Measurements of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in high saline conditions using P17</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff1'><name><surname>Mun</surname><given-names>Eunjeong</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff1'></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff1'><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Sangyoup</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff1'></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff1'><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Inhyuk</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff1'></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff2'><name><surname>Kwon</surname><given-names>Boksoon</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff2'></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff1'><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Heedueng</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff1'></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type='author' rid='aff1'><name><surname>Hong</surname><given-names>Seungkwan</given-names></name><xref ref-type='aff' rid='aff1'></xref></contrib><aff id='aff1'>School of Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 1, 5-ga, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea E-mail: <email>skhong21@korea.ac.kr</email></aff><aff id='aff2'>Environment G. Emerging Tech, Center/SAIT Samsung Electronics, Korea</aff></contrib-group><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>265</fpage><lpage>272</lpage><history><date date-type='received'><day>30</day><month>4</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type='accepted'><day>6</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© IWA Publishing 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year></permissions><abstract ><P>Biofouling caused by the deposition or growth of microorganisms on the membrane surface is one of the major concerns in nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) has been a useful index to assess the growth potential of bacteria. In the case of drinking water, the AOC assay method has been widely applied to estimate growth or regrowth potential of bacteria in distribution and storage systems. However, studies on AOC measurement for high salinity water samples such as brackish water and seawater are rather scarce. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of water salinity on the conventional AOC assay method. AOC samples with different salt concentrations were prepared by varying NaCl concentration from 0 to 35,000 mg/L, while the acetate concentration was held at 100 μg/L. The number of cells produced in water samples was measured by the heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method using R2A agar. The result showed that the cell production of <I>Pseudomonas fluorescens</I> strain P17 and <I>Spirillum</I> strain NOX decreased with increasing salinity. Especially, the growth of <I>Spirillum</I> strain NOX was noticeably influenced by water salinity. To further observe the relation between acetate concentration and cell production in high salinity water, organic-free saline water

On Knowledge and Development of English Lexical Causativesby Korean Speakers

Eunjeong Oh 고려대학교 언어정보연구소 2011 언어정보 Vol.13 No.-

The causative alternation in English is semantically determined: change-of-state denoting unaccusatives but not activity-denoting unergatives can participate in the alternation. Surprisingly, manner-of-motion verbs, one subtype of unergatives, can appear in lexical causatives when accompanied by a directional complement. In contrast, the causatives in Korean don't seem to be semantically conditioned. Furthermore, Korean manner-of-motion verbs which are unequivocally activity-denoting unergative verbs fail to participate in the alternation and a goal complement can appear in the presence of a directed motion verb ka- in Korean. The main objective of the paper is to examine Korean speakers' knowledge of lexical causatives in English. Results of the study suggest that the learners generally know semantic properties pertinent to the causative alternation, showing their ability to extract abstract semantic determinants from the variable input. Nevertheless, the data reveal that the acquisition of lexical causatives with manner-of-motion verbs with a directional PP is delayed. Such delayed acquisition is accounted for by constructionists' views, the difference between the case of instantiation and of modification and by L1-transfer.

쇼그렌 증후군에 동반된 원위신세관산증 2예

( Eunjeong Kang ),( Seokwoo Park ),( Sehoon Park ),( Hajeong Lee ),( Kwon Wook Joo ),( Jin Suk Han ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.1

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a syndrome characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and an inability to excrete a highly acid urine, in which impairment of acid excretion is out of proportion to reduction of glomerular filtration rate. Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is frequently associated with immune-mediated disease including Sjigren’s syndrome. Sjigren’s syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the exocrine glands such as lacrimal and salivary glands, resulting in xerophtalmia and xerostomia. Extrglandular manifestations are frequent and may include renal involvement. Recently, we experienced two cases of renal tubular acidosis in Sjigren’s syndrome. The 1st case was a patient who had lower extremities weakness and hypokalemia, and the 2nd case was a patient who had nephrocalcinosis. We discussed the frequencies and the pathogenesis of dRTA in Sjigren’s syndrome. Keywords: Sjigren’s syndrome; Distal renal tubular acidosis; Hypokalemia; Nephrocalcinosis