Species and habitat-dependent accumulation and biomagnification of brominated flame retardants and PBDE metabolites

Choo, Gyojin,Lee, In-Seok,Oh, Jeong-Eun Elsevier 2019 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.371 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The occurrence, species- and habitat-dependent distribution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and PBDE metabolites comprising 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 3 hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 17 methoxylated (MeO-) BDEs, and 8 hydroxylated (OH-) BDEs were determined in marine environments (sediment and seawater) and 20 biota species in food web in the southern part of Korea. The concentration of HBCDs was statistically higher in both pelagic (5.73–60.1 ng/g lipid weight [lw]) and demersal fish (2.45–31.3 ng/g lw), whereas a higher level of OH-BDEs was observed in benthic invertebrates (2.48–40.7 ng/g lw), suggesting different composition of BFRs and PBDE metabolites between species. The concentrations of TBBPA and MeO-BDEs were significantly higher in pelagic fish (1.31–11.3, 6.15–61.5 ng/g lw) than in demersal fish (not detected [N.D.]–4.45, 0.956–8.52 ng/g lw) and benthic invertebrates (N.D.–8.11, 0.182–4.65 ng/g lw), reflecting a dependence on habitat. Additionally, analogue distribution of PBDEs in pelagic fish was similar to that in seawater, whereas the distribution in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates was similar to the distribution in sediment. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and trophic magnification factor (TMF) of α-HBCD, some of PBDEs, and 6-MeO-BDE47 were up to 5000 and 1, respectively, suggesting strong bioaccumulation and biomagnification.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Different distributions of BFRs and PBDE metabolites were observed according to the species and habitat of biota. </LI> <LI> The level of HBCDs was higher in pelagic and demersal fish, whereas OH-BDE level was higher in benthic invertebrates. </LI> <LI> The concentrations of MeO-BDEs and TBBPA in pelagic fish were higher than those in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates. </LI> <LI> α-HBCD, some congeners of PBDEs (BDE49, 71, 100), and 6-MeO-BDE47 were strongly biomagnified and bioaccumulated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

PBDEs and their structural analogues in marine environments: Fate and expected formation mechanisms compared with diverse environments

Choo, Gyojin,Kim, Da-Hye,Kim, Un-Jung,Lee, In-Seok,Oh, Jeong-Eun Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.343 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The concentrations and relative distributions of 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 17 methoxylated (MeO-) and 8 hydroxylated (OH-) BDEs were determined in marine environments including sediments, bivalves, and seawater along the southern coast of South Korea to understand their fates and possible formation mechanisms. The relative and substituent distributions of the PBDEs and their structural analogues varied according to the characteristics of the media. PBDEs were dominant in marine sediments and seawater, whereas MeO-BDEs made the highest contributions in bivalves. Similar patterns were previously identified in inland environments in Korea, except in river water where OH-BDEs were dominant. The natural formation of structural analogues might be the main mechanism in marine, as <I>ortho</I>-substituted naturally occurring MeO- and OH-BDEs were dominant in all media and seemed to be more produced than in inland environments. In addition, the higher concentrations of meta-substituted MeO-BDEs nearshore than offshore was observed. This is the first study comparing marine (near- and offshore) and inland to understand the differences in their fate and possible formation mechanisms in each environmental conditions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The distributions of PBDEs and their structural analogues were compared between marine (near- and offshore) and inland. </LI> <LI> PBDEs dominated in abiotic media, whereas MeO-BDEs were dominant in biota. </LI> <LI> Natural formation might be the main mechanism for PBDE structural analogues in marine and was highly occurred than in inland. </LI> <LI> The higher contributions of meta-MeO-BDEs were observed in inland and nearshore than offshore. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

팔선주와 알코올의 계속적인 투여가 흰쥐 위점막에 미치는 행태학적 영향

오은상,한두석 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2003 圓光齒醫學 Vol.12 No.2

This study was carried out to compare with the effect of chronic 10% Palsun liquor with 10% ethyl alcohol drinking upon the gastric mucosa of Rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (200~250 gm) were fed 10% Palsun liquor and 10% alcohol instead of water and were maintained on regular feed. They drank about 20 cc of 10% Palsun liquor and 10% alcohol a day. The experimental groups sacrificed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The gastric mucosa from the gastric body in vicinity of fundus and the pylorus were fixed in neutral formalin, dehydrated in graded ethanol, embedded in paraffin. Tissues were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and alcian blue pH 2.5. The results were as follows: 1. In all the 10% ethyl alcohol treated group, mucosal epithelium of the gastric mucosa was destroyed a little in some focal areas, but not severely. Some parietal cells covered the damaged areas. The thickness of gastric mucosa was decreased from 12.5±1.79μm of control to 6.5±0.5μm. 2. Mucosal haemorrhage was obserbed in some areas, and the thickness of gastric mucosa was decreased 7.3±0.96μm at 1 weeks after 10% palsun liquor ingestion. However, mucosal epithelium was not destroyed, as was seen in 10% alcohol group and already was recovered to that of normal at 4 weeks. 3. Alcian blue pH 2.5 positive mucosal epithelium was decreased from 1 week in all the experimental groups, but increased again at 4 weeks in 10% Palsun liquor drinking groups. 4. The surface mucous cells of the gastric pit in the body near by the pylorus were decreased in number and the mucous neck cells of the gastric gland also were decreased in number with time in all the 10% alcohol drinking groups. 5. In 8th weeks of experimental group treated with 10% ethyl alcohol, the thickness of gastric mucosa was decreased in some focal areas. However, Palsun liquor treated group was normal. The results suggest that 10% palsun liquor was less destroyed gastric mucosa than 10% ethyl alcohol.

수돗물염수액 전기분해에 의한 살균소독

박준오, 김완석, 최영기, 이영민, 김형규, 차은종, 김석용 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2008 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.9 No.2

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면접조사를 통한 초등학생의 영양교육 실태 및 실천도 조사

오유진,이영미,김정현,안홍석,김정원,박혜련,서정숙,김경원,권오란,박혜경,이은주,성현이 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.13 No.4

This study investigated the experience and practice of elementary school students on nutrition education. The data were collected from 217 male and female students attending 5-6th grade elementary schools in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do from March to June 2007, interviewing face to face by a nutrition teacher and 3 interns of a nutrition teacher. The results were as follows: 86.5% of the subjects learned about ‘Table etiquette’, ‘Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables’ (78.7%), ‘Food waste and environment’ (72.3%), ‘Healthy snacks’ (55.7%), ‘Food sanitation’ (52.3%), ‘Food culture of foreign countries’ (48.1%). Nutrition education experience was significantly different by gender. A total of 43.5% boys responded that they never learned about ‘basic food preperation’ (p < 0.01). They had learned ‘Nutrients for body’ and ‘Food waste and environment’ in school, ‘Healthy weight loss’, ‘Food culture of foreign countries’, ‘Food circulation’ on television, Most content (‘Table etiquette’, ‘Simple cooking’, ‘Food sanitati n’, ‘Eating behaviors for health’, ‘Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables’, ‘Healthy snacks’) was learned from parents. The practice after nutrition education was higher in ‘Table etiquette’ (2.14), ‘Eating fruits and vegetables’ (2.07) than others compared with education experience. The most reason of non-practice on nutrition information was ‘Troublesome’. In ‘Nutrients for body’, a boy answered ‘Difficult for practice’ 20.0%, a girl answered ‘Difficult to understand’ 32.6%, showing a significant difference between the gender groups (p < 0.001). They remembered the ‘Nutrients for body’ (49.6%), ‘Food sanitation’ (44.5%) because of ‘important content’,‘Basic food preparation’ (40.6%), ‘Food culture of foreign countries’ (36.3%) because of ‘interesting content’, ‘Healthy weight loss’ (52.0%), ‘Eating behavior for health’ (44.5%) and ‘Healthy snacks’ (33.7%) because of ‘need for my health’.

이중혈류유발 심폐소생술이 심정지를 유발한 개의 단기 생존율에 미치는 영향

황성오,조준휘,강구현,김성환,문중범,이강현,이승환,윤정한,최경훈,홍은석 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background and Objectives: We previously reported that, compared with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation(S-CPR), better hemodynamic effects could be achieved by simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation(SST-CPR) in which we compressed the sternum and constricted the thorax circumferentially during the systolic period by using a device. This study was designed to assess whether SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improve the survival rate of dogs with cardiac arrest. Subjects and methods: Twenty-five mongrel dogs(19∼31㎏) were enrolled in this study. After four minutes of ventricular fibrillation induced by an AC current, animals were randomized to resuscitate with either S-CPR(n=13) or SST-CPR(n=12). Epinephrine(1 ㎎) was injected into the right atrium every three minutes after the beginning of CPR. Defibrillation was attempted after 6 minutes of CPR. Standard advanced cardiac life support was started if defibrillation was not successful. Results: SST-CPR resulted in significantly(p<0.001) higher systolic arterial pressure(91±47 vs 47±24 ㎜ Hg), diastolic pressure(43±24 vs 17±10 ㎜ Hg), coronary perfusion pressure(35±25 vs 13±9㎜ Hg), and end tidal CO2 tension(9±4 vs 3±2 ㎜ Hg). Two of 13 animals(15 %) resuscitated with S-CPR and six of 12 animals(50%) resuscitated with SST-CPR survived until 12 hours after cardiac arrest(p<0.05). Donclusion: SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improves the short-term survival rate in canine cardiac arrest.

고령자를 위한 주거시설 치수 표준화 연구

김석준,권순정,오은진,김노석,김상길,이특구 한국의료복지시설학회 2008 의료·복지 건축 Vol.14 No.3

As the elderly population is growing rapidly, guidelines for planning and designing of the elderly housing are required for improving housing environment of the elderly. The purpose of this study is making the basic dimensional standardization of residential spaces for the elderly. The dimensional standard of spaces suggested in this guideline considers characteristics of both aged and the general users. The spaces studied in this research include bedroom, living room, bathroom, kitchen and other circulation spaces in the elderly housing. The design guidelines of furniture, equipment for the aged with sizing of the areas are provided. Finally, applicability of the output is reexamined by implementing this guidelines to the sample planning and design of the elderly housing

양측성 관상동정맥루 1예

최용원,오석규,이재훈,이상재,권경희,최은경,김남호,정진원 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2002 圓光醫科學 Vol.17 No.1

저자들은 호흡곤란, 흉부불쾌감, 심계항진 등을 주소로 내원한 환자에서 경흉부 및 경식도 심초음파 검사상 주폐동맥에서 이완기에 전행하는 지속적인 혈류의 흐름을 관찰하고, 관상동맥 조영술을 통해 좌전하행지 중간부위와 우관상동맥 근위부에서 각각 기시하여 공통경로를 이루면서 주폐동맥으로 유입되는 양측성 관상동정맥루를 보이는 드문 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. A coronary arteriovenous fistula is infrequently encountered vascular communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, a great artery or the vena cava. It is the most common congenital anomaly that can affect coronary perfusion. Bilateral involvement of coronary fistula constitutes an uncommon subgroup of coronary arteriovenous fistulas. A 69 year-old female patient presented with chest discomfort, palpitation, and dyspnea. In the echocardiography, doppler color flow imaging visualized abnormal flow signals with mosaic appearance in the main pulmonary artery during diastolic phase. Coronary angiography revealed arteriovenous fistula arising from the left anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery. Both coronary arteriovenous fistulas drained into the main pulmonary artery. We report a case of bilateral coronary arteriovenous fistula that was confirmed by echocariography and coronary angiography.

청소년 인터넷 중독증과 우울, 사회적 불안, 또래관계 문제와의 연관성 조사

이명수,오은영,조선미,홍만제,문재석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 본 연구는 한국 청소년들의 인터넷 사용 현황조사와 더불어 인터넷 중독증과 우울, 사회적 불안, 또래관계 문제등과의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 수원시 소재 고등학교 학생 869명(남/여=371/498)을 대상으로 인터넷 사용과 연관된 기본 설문을 실시하였다. 인터넷 중독여부를 알아보기 위하여 Young의 인터넷 중독척도를 사용하였고 우울증상의 평가는 Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)를 사용하였다. 사회적 불안 및 회피정도는 Social Avoidance and Distress Scale을, 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움 측정은 Fear of Negative Evaluation-Brief척도를 , 또래관계의 문제는 Index of Peer Relations척도를 사용하였다. 인터넷 중독의 현황조사를 위해서 실수와 백분율, chi-square test를 실시하였고, 인터넷 중독증과 우울, 사회적 불안 및 또래 관계 문제의 연관성을 알아보기 위하여 일원변량분석(ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 총 869명의 대상자 중 남학생이 371명(43.7%)이었으며 여학생이 498(57.3%)이었고 평균연령은 16.27세(표준편차=0.82)로 남녀간에 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 2) 총 869명의 대상자중 291명(33.4%)이 인터넷 중독 가능성을 가지고 있는 것이고 나타났고 그 중 18명(2.07%)은 명백한 중독경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 인터넷중독척도 상위 30%를 중독경향군으로, 하위30%를 정상대조군으로 분류하였다. 3) 인터넷 중독척도 평균점수의 비교를 보면 남학생이 여학생보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 점수가 높음을 알 수 있었고 또 남학생이 여학생보다 중독경향군에 포함되는 비율도 더 높음을 알수 있었다. 을, 정상대조군에서는 정보검색을 상대적으로 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났으며 게임은 두 집단간에 차이가 없었다. 5) 중독경향군에서 더 우울성향이 높고 외부의 부정적 평가에 더 예민하게 반응하고 또래관계의 문제가 많은 것으로 나타났고 사회적 상황에서의 불안정도는 집단간에 차이가 나지 않았다. 결 론 : 인터넷 중독으로 비교적 명백하게 분류된 비율은 이제까지의 다른 연구조사와 비교하여 볼 때 상대적으로 낮게 나왔으나 중독경향군까지 포함했을 겨우, 조사대상자의 약 30%에서 인터넷과 연관된 문제가 있음을 알수 있었다. 또한 인터넷 과다사용으로 문제가 되는 경우에 우울이나 또래관계등의 문제가 더 심각한 것으로 판명되어 향후 인터넷 사용자체에 대한 중독치료적 접근이외에 동반 정신병리에 대한 치료적 접근이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to survey the present conditions of adolescents' Internet use and to investigate the relation of Internet addiction to depression, social anxiety and problems in peer relationship. Method : Eight hundred and sixty-nine high-school students(male/female=371/498) were included in the study, each of whom completed a standard questionnaire related to Internet use determined. We assessed internet addiction and depressive symptoms of adolescents using Youngs Internet Addiction Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), respectively. Social Avoidance and Distress Scale were employed to measure social anxiety and avoidance. Fear of Negative Evaluation-Brief Scale was for fear of negative evaluation by other people. An Index of Peer relation was devoted to problems in peer relationships. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to identify the present conditions of Internet addiction and to analyze the relations of Internet addiction with depression, social anxiety and problems in peer relationship. Results : 1) Of these 869 subjects, 371(42.7%) were male students and 498(57.3%) were female. The mean age was 16.27 years(SD=0.82) and there was no significant difference between two sex groups. 2) Of these 869 subjects, 291(33.4%) showed addictive tendency and among them 18 subjects(2.07%) were classified into obvious addiction group. In this study, we defined upper 30% of Internet addiction scores as 'addiction group' and lower 30% as 'normal control group'. 3) Male students had significantly higher mean scores of Internet addiction scale than females and there was significantly higher rates of male students in addiction group. 4) Comparing two groups, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the preferred types of Internet media, although addiction groups tended to use chatting and E-mail more, normal control group tended to use information search more, And there was no significant difference regarding games on the Internet. 5) There was more depressive tendency in line with more sensitive response against negative-evaluation and more problems of peer relationship in addiction group. However, there was no significant difference regarding anxiety on social situation. Conclusion : Compared to previous studies, findings from this study showed that the rates classified as the group of obvious Internet addiction were relatively lower. However, including those who had tendency of Internet addiction, about 30% of all subjects had problems related to Internet use. In addition, depression or relationship problems were triggered more severely in Internet addiction group. With these findings in mind we finally suggest that therapeutic approach to comorbid psychopathology as well as Internet addiction itself should be required.

생리식염수 전기분해에 의한 세균 오염된 콘택트렌즈의 살균

김완석, 박준오, 최영기, 이영민, 김형규, 차은종, 김석용 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2007 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.8 No.1

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