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Im, Eunji,Yeo, Changhwan,Lee, Hyo-Jeong,Lee, Eun-Ok Elsevier 2018 Life sciences Vol.192 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Aims</B></P> <P>Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, well known for a safe and effective first-line antimalarial agent. This study investigated whether and how DHA induces apoptosis focusing on the specificity protein 1 (Sp1) pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SK-Hep-1 cells.</P> <P><B>Main methods</B></P> <P>The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed after PI staining by flow cytometry system. Apoptosis was confirmed by DAPI staining and by detecting cytoplasmic histone-associated-DNA-fragments using a cell death detection ELISA<SUP>PLUS</SUP> kit. The expression of proteins involved in apoptosis was evaluated by Western blot. The nuclear localization of Sp1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay.</P> <P><B>Key findings</B></P> <P>DHA exerted potent cytotoxicity against HCC SK-Hep-1 cells compared with normal hepatocyte AML12 cells. The sub-G<SUB>1</SUB> DNA content and apoptosis index were increased by DHA, which was accompanied by nuclei condensation and fragmentation. DHA activated caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). DHA-induced apoptotic cell death, activation of caspases and cleavage of PARP were dramatically inhibited by pan caspase inhibitor <I>Z</I>-VAD-FMK. DHA down-regulated protein expression and nuclear localization of Sp1, which in turn decreased Sp1 downstream target protein, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. Decreased Sp1 protein expression by DHA was restored by proteasome inhibitor MG132. DHA led to a down-regulation of phospho-ERK, -p38 and -JNK without affecting their total forms.</P> <P><B>Significance</B></P> <P>These results demonstrate that DHA induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCC SK-Hep-1 cells by proteasome-dependent degradation of Sp1, which is involved in mitogen-activate protein kinase pathway.</P>
Im, Ju-Sung,Cho, Kwang-Soo,Cho, Ji-Hong,Park, Young-Eun,Cheun, Chung-Gi,Kim, Hyun-Jun,Cho, Hyun-Mook,Lee, Jong-Nam,Jin, Yong-Ik,Byun, Myung-Ok,Kim, Dool-Yi,Kim, Myeong-Jun The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2012 식물생명공학회지 Vol.39 No.3
This study was conducted to evaluate agronomic characteristics such as growth, quality, and yields of StMyb1R-1 transgenic potato and also to obtain the basic data for establishing assessment guidelines of transgenic potato. Three transgenic lines (Myb 1, Myb 2, and Myb 8) were cultivated under conventional irrigation, drought condition, and severe drought condition and were analyzed by comparing with wild type, non-transgenic cv. Superior. Myb 2 showed a different flower color from wild type and Myb 1 had much bigger secondary leaflets than wild type. Myb 1 and Myb 2 showed higher $P_2O_5$ content in both top and root zone and longer shaped tubers than wild type. In yield factors, transgenic lines had more tubers than wild type, however their yield decreases were severe because of the poor enlargement of tuber under water deficit condition. This tendency was noticeable in Myb 1 and Myb 2. In TR ratio, chlorophyll content, dry matter rate, and relative water content, there were no big differences between transgenic lines and wild type. Meanwhile, in phenotype, growth, quality, and yield factors, substantial equivalent was confirmed between Myb 8 and wild type. Then, Myb 8 showed the highest marketable tuber yield under conventional irrigation, while showed lower level than wild type under water deficit. Judged by this result, the enhancing droughttolerance by StMyb1R-1 gene might actually not mean the enhancement of photosynthesis or starch accumulation in tuber and, furthermore, not the yield improvement. More detailed research will be required to accurately understand the relationship between StMyb1R-1 and yield factors.
Im, Eun-ok,Choi, Yung Hyun,Paik, Kee-Joo,Suh, Hongsuk,Jin, Youngeup,Kim, Kyu-Won,Yoo, Young Hyun,Kim, Nam Deuk 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 2001 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.17 No.-
We have compared the anti-proliferative effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and their derivatives, HS-1183, HS-1199 and HS-1200, on MCF-7 (wild-type p53) and MDA-MB-231 (mutant p53) cells. While UDCA and CDCA exhibited no significant effect, their novel derivatives inhibited the proliferation of both cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, concomitant with apoptotic unclear changes and the increase of a sub-G1 population and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, we also observed an increase in the ratio of pro-apoptotic protein Bax to anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and cleavages of lamin B and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle related proteins, cyclin D1 and D3, as well as retinoblastoma protein (pRb) were down-regulated, while the level of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21^WAFI/CIPI was increased in both cancer cells after treatment with novel bile acids. These findings suggest that these cytotoxic effects of novel bile acid derivatives on human breast carcinoma cells were mediated via apoptosis through a p53-independent pathway. ⓒ 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Feminist Approach to Theory Evaluation
Im, Eun-Ok The Research Institute of Nursing Science Seoul Na 2004 간호학의 지평 Vol.1 No.1
Despite the new wave of diverse philosophical thoughts in nursing, the criteria for theory evaluation rarely incorporate the new thoughts in its realm. Especially, feminist thoughts, which have contributed to the development of nursing knowledge through incorporating diversities and complexities of nursing phenomenon and reflecting social, cultural, and historical contexts surrounding nursing encounters, were rarely incorporated into the evaluation criteria. In this paper, a feminist approach to theory evaluation is proposed based on a critical analysis of the existing evaluation criteria. First, a historical review of feminist thoughts is provided, and feminist principles across diverse groups of thinking within feminism are discussed. Then, theory evaluation criteria are historically analyzed and critiqued while considering the feminist principles. The critical points found in the currently available theory evaluation criteria include: (a) the evaluation criteria are based on objectivity, (b) they are ignoring gender differences; (c) cultural differences tend not to be seriously considered; and (d) contexts surrounding nursing phenomenon are rarely considered. Based on the critical points, four additional components for theory evaluation are proposed. The components are: (a) respect for subjectivity; (b) historical and sociopolitical contextual considerations; (c) gender sensitivity; (d) cultural competence; and (e) blueprint for action.
Eun-Soon Im,Byong-Ju Lee,Ji-Hye Kwon,So-Ra In,Sang-Ok Han 한국기상학회 2012 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.48 No.1
Because of the importance of the changes in the hydrologic cycle, accurate assessment of precipitation characteristics is essential to understand the impact of climate change due to global warming. This study investigates the changes in extreme precipitation with sub-daily and daily temporal scales. For a fine-scale climate change projection focusing on the Korean peninsula (20 km),we performed the dynamical downscaling of the global climate scenario covering the period 1971-2100 (130-year) simulated by the Max-Planck-Institute global climate model, ECHAM5, using the latest version of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) regional climate model, RegCM3. While annual mean precipitation exhibits a pronounced interannual and interdecadal variability,with the increasing or decreasing trend repeated during a certain period, extreme precipitation with sub-daily and daily temporal scales estimated from the generalized extreme value distribution shows consistently increasing pattern. The return period of extreme precipitation is significantly reduced despite the decreased annual mean precipitation at the end of 21st century. The decreased relatively weak precipitation is responsible for the decreased total precipitation, so that the decreased total precipitation does not necessarily mean less heavy precipitation. Climate change projection based on the ECHAM5-RegCM3 model chain clearly shows the effect of global warming in increasing the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation, even without significantly increased total precipitation, which implies an increased risk for flood hazards.
Im, Jintaek,Baik, Jung Eun,Kim, Kyoung Whun,Kang, Seok-Seong,Jeon, Jun Ho,Park, Ok-Jin,Kim, Hyun Young,Kum, Kee-Yeon,Yun, Cheol-Heui,Han, Seung Hyun Oxford University Press 2015 International immunology Vol.27 No.8
<P>LTA from <I>E. faecalis</I> inhibits LPS-induced IL-8 in human periodontal cells</P><P>Periodontitis is caused by multi-bacterial infection and <I>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</I> and <I>Enterococcus faecalis</I> are closely associated with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of <I>A. actinomycetemcomitans</I> (Aa.LPS) and lipoteichoic acid of <I>E. faecalis</I> (Ef.LTA) are considered to be major virulence factors evoking inflammatory responses, their combinatorial effect on the induction of chemokines has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the interaction between Aa.LPS and Ef.LTA on IL-8 expression in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Aa.LPS, but not Ef.LTA, substantially induced IL-8 expression at the protein and mRNA levels. Interestingly, Ef.LTA suppressed Aa.LPS-induced IL-8 expression without affecting the binding of Aa.LPS to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Ef.LTA reduced Aa.LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including ERK, JNK and p38 kinase. Furthermore, Ef.LTA inhibited the Aa.LPS-induced transcriptional activities of the activating protein 1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein and nuclear factor-kappa B transcription factors, all of which are known to regulate IL-8 gene expression. Ef.LTA augmented the expression of IL-1 receptor–associated kinase-M (IRAK-M), a negative regulator of TLR intracellular signaling pathways, in the presence of Aa.LPS at both the mRNA and protein levels. Small interfering RNA silencing IRAK-M reversed the attenuation of Aa.LPS-induced IL-8 expression by Ef.LTA. Collectively, these results suggest that Ef.LTA down-regulates Aa.LPS-induced IL-8 expression in human PDL cells through up-regulation of the negative regulator IRAK-M.</P>