임신부 체중증가와 신생아 체중과의 관계

정효지,김은정,최봉순,최경호,신정자,윤성도 동아시아식생활학회 2000 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.10 No.6

This study was carried out to find the factors which are related to the weight gain during pregnancy of women and infant birth weight. The information of the general characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of the 506 women who had a delivery during Jan to Dec. 1997 in a hospital at Taegu area were collected from the medical records. The results are as follows. The mean age of the subjects was 29 years old and the average prepregnancy weight was 52.75㎏. They gained 13.51㎏ of weight during the pregnancy. The weight gain during pregnancy was higher in prepregnancy BMI <20kg/m^(2), the infant weight was heavier in groups that had over 14kg of weight gain during the pregnancy than other groups. The prepregnancy BMI was negatively correlated to weight gain during pregnancy (r=0.2825), and positively correlated to number of pregnancy (r=0.2146), number of living delivery (r=0.1409), and infant weight (r=0.1250). The baby weight was positively correlated to weight gain during pregnancy (r=0.1392) and Apgar score(r=0.1627). The results showed that the prepregnancy BMI and weight gain during pregnancy may be the influential factors on the infant weight, thus we need to develop the specific nutritional management program according to the status of prepregnancy weight.

Hydroxycitrate, Carnitine 및 Capsaicin을 함유한 식이 보조제(3D-Relax Diet)의 체중 감량 효과

정은영,정경희,김미자,배윤정,장은재 동덕여자대학교 2004 생활과학연구 Vol.9 No.-

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3D-Relax Diet; a proprietary formation containing hydroxycitrate(233mg/g), carnitine(150mg/g); and capsaicin (150mg/g); on body weight, % body fat, fat mass, lean body mass, Resting Metabolic Rate(RMR), body circumference, skinfold thickness, serum glucose and lipid level. Nineteen female college students participated in this 4 weeks weight control program. All subjects were randomly assigned to the Sang sik(S) group or Sang sik & 3D-Relax(3D) group. Mean energy intake of 3D group was l,523.1±300.2 ㎉(carbohydrate: 66.3%, protein: 18.7%, fat: 15.0%) and S group consumed 1,464.8±142.1 ㎉(carbohydrate: 65.1%, protein: 19.0%, fat: 15.9%) during program. The 3D group lost 3.1±1.3 kg of body weight, 2.5±l.4 kg of fat mass, 0.6±1.2 kg of lean body mass and 16.8±183.3 ㎉/d of RMR and the S group lost 1.8±1.0 kg of body weight, 1.1±1.1 kg of fat mass, 0.8±0.3 kg of lean body mass and 19.1±181.9 ㎉/d of RMR. There was no significant differences in the loss of lean body mass and RMR between two groups, however, the total body weight and the fat mass were significantly decreased in the 3D group compared to the S group(p<0.05). The 3D group experienced a significant reduced hip size, total-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, however, the change of these between groups were not significantly different. There were no differences in the change of body circumference, skinfold thickness, serum glucose and lipid. These results suggest that the intake of 3D-Relax Diet(hydroxycitrate, carnitine, and capsaicin) during the weight control program decreased energy intake, fat intake and total body weight especially fat mass and those effects are presumably linked to the prevention of RMR decline and the inhibitory effects on lipogenesis.

다중 장치 지원 모바일 응용서버 설계

정은경,변영철,이상준 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2003 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.1

In this paper, we propose the design of the application server which provides internet services for the mobile devices such as a mobile phone and PDA, etc. The neutral form of mobile application which can be requested by various kinds of mobile devices is created and deployed to the proposed application server. The mobile application server supplies the content transformed according to the constraints and features of a mobile device. By using the server, a user can use many kinds of mobile devices at the same time, and only one session can be created and maintained at the server. The mobile application server is composed of the tree modules: Mobile Request Generator, Mobile Engine, and Environmental Adoptation module. The Mobile Request Generator module receives the mobile request from a mobile device and creates the mobile request information supplied to the Mobile Engine module. The Mobile Engine module processes the mobile application requested and creates a content which will be sent to a mobile device. The Environmental Adaptation module transforms the output of Mobile Engine into the contents that a mobile device can display. In this way, the proposed mobile application server can support various kinds of mobile devices using a neutral form of internet service.

관절염 환자의 민속요법이용 형태

은영,강현숙,이은옥,이인숙,이종수 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1997 간호학 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

This sty was undertaken to explore the utilization patterns of medical treatment and herb medicine in patients with arthrits. The data were collected from 995 patients who were registered either in a center of rheumatology or resided in community with arthritis. The data were analyzed by percentile, t-test and chi-square test using SAS PC program. The results of this study were as follows; 1. According to characteristics of sample-population, mean age was 57.7 years, duration of arthritis 9.7 years and mean duration of pain 2.4 hours per day at present. 2. First diagnosis was identified at department of orthopedic surgery or local clinic. But 85.2% of patients have transferred to the center of reumatology currently. But ironically over 70% of patients experienced the herb treatment and herb treatment had hern medicine simultaneous with medical treatment. This indicated that they were shopping around of treatment during the first one year. 3. Mean cost of medical treatment was 67,400 won, while they payed to herb medicine as much as two or three times. The utilization rate of herb medicine was 36.5% of patients per one year. Costs of herb-treatment were 182,000 Won and herb medicine was 36.6% of patients per one year. Costs of herb -treatment were 182,000 Won and herb medicine 149,100 Won. 4. Eighty point six percent of patients were experienced herb medicine during life-time. One hundred and seventy four kinds herb medicine were found to be used by patients, most of which were nutrients, muscle relaxants, andtiphlogistics and analgesics. Thirty two point six percent of users recognized that herb medicine were effective but 51.7% did not. In conclusion, arthritis patients have been experienced various kinds of drug and remedies for treatment. And they wasted their limited medical and economical resources on these unresonable remedies. Therefore, they should be guided for wise decision about treatment. Futher studies in nursing will be required to explore the value system of patients about herb medicine, the determinant factors of shopping-around patterns of treatment, and the coping mechanism for chronic pain or aggravating symptom.

시멘틱 웹 환경에서의 온톨로지 기반의 정보검색

정은경,김영민,변영철,이상준,박경린 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.2

온톨로지는 시멘틱 웹을 구현하기 위한 이론이다. 온톨로지는 웹자원의 효과적인 검색, 통합, 재사용을 위한 새로운 기술이고 사람과 이질의 응용 시스템 간에 지식을 공유하고 재사용하기 위한 방법을 제공한다. 온톨로지의 역할은 특별한 개념을 명세화하는 것이다. 도메인과 일반적인 온톨로지는 정보와 지식 시스템을 분석하고 디자인하는 측면에서 공유, 통합, 재사용될 수 있다. 본 연구는 제주도의 숙박과 관광정보를 위한 온톨로지를 디자인하는데 목적이 있다. 그리고 제안된 온톨로지 기반으로 인터넷 웹 검색 시스템을 만드는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에 의해 클라이언트가 사용하는 표현은 다르지만 뜻이 같은 동의어에 의해 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있다는 것을 알게 되었다. Ontologies are formal theories that are suitable for implementing the semantic web. Which is a new technology that attempts to achieve effective retrieval, integration, and reuse of web resources. Ontologies provide a way of sharing and reusing the knowledge among the people and the heterogeneous application systems. The role of ontologies is that of making explicit specified conceptualizations. In this context, domain and generic ontologies can be shared, reused, and integrated in the analysis and design stage of information and knowledge systems. This study aims to design an ontology for juju lodges and tour, and build an Internet web retrieval system based on the proposed ontologies. This study found that we can take the same result for synonym that cilent use.

바나듐이 도핑된 강유전체 Bi₄Ti₃O_12 박막(BTV)의 성장과 특성

정원태,최은경,김현주,강민진,김상수 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-

Bi3.99Ti2.97V0.03O12 (BTV) thin films with 3 mol% vanadium doping were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that single-phase lapered perovskite were obtained and preferred orientation was not observed. Under the annealing temperature at 600℃, the surface morphology of the BTV thin films had fine-rounded particles and then changed plate-like at 650℃ and 700℃. The remanent polarization (2Pr) and coercive field (2Ec) of 700℃ annealed BTV thin film were 25 μC/cm2 and 116 kV/cm, respectively. In addition, BTV thin film showed little polarization fatigue during 109 switching cycles. These improved ferroelectric properties were attributed to the increased rattling space and reduced oxygen vacancies by substitution Ti4+ ion (68 pm) with smaller V5+ ion (59 pm). The dielectric constant and loss were measured 130 and 0.03 at 10 kHz, respectively.

「부인필지」에 수록된 주식류와 침채류 조리법에 관한 문헌적 고찰

이미정,김기숙,신은하 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학논집 Vol.13 No.-

"Puinpilji" was written in 1915. We compared the cooking methods of the kinds of staple food and Chimche in "Puinpilji" with those in other cooking books. Patbap, without adding boiled redbean itself, was cooked with the boiled redbean water. The sweetness and color of Yakbap came from honey and the boiled jujube water. Tarakjuk was cooked with the same amount of milk and water. When rice was half cooked, milk was added. Patjuk was made by boiling together with a large amount of jujube and redbean. On kneading Saeal, ginger-juice was added. Tongchimi-kukmul and Jidan was used in Myongwolkwan-Naengmyon. The characteristics of Ouyuk-kimchi was that the boiled water with meat and dried fish was added to Kimchi. And also, Myongwol-Saengchiche made by adding meat of pheasant to Tongchimi-kukmul and Chonbok-chimche made by adding various materials to Junbok soaked in water were introduced in the text.

vitamin D₃와 retinoic acid가 사람 골수 줄기세포의 골세포 분화 증식에 미치는 영향

노정섭,김은철,김상철 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2003 圓光齒醫學 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin D₃and retinoic acid on the growth and osteogenic differentiations of the human mesenchymal stem cells(MSC). Cell proliferation rate was determined by MTT assay, mineralization assay was determined by alizarin red stain, cell cycle analysis was done by flow cytometry, p53, pRb, p21, BMP-2 and BSP were detected by Western blot analysis. The observed results were as follows. 1. Cell viability was decreased by vitamin D₃ or retinoic acid(RA) added to MSC, it was more decreased by mixed treatment of vitamin D₃ and RA(p<0.05). 2. The pattern of mineralized nudule formation was similar to the positive control group at 3 weeks in mixed treatment of vitamin D₃ and RA. 3. In mixed treatment of vitamin D₃ and RA, G1 stage was increased in 7 days of incubation, cell cycle progress was inhibited in 21 days of incubation as the increase of apoptosis. 4. Treatment vitamin D₃ inhibited the expression of p53 and p21, but increased that of pRb(phosphotylated retinoblastoma). Treatment of RA or mix of RA and vitamin D₃ inhibited the expression of p53, increased those of p21 and pRb. 5. The expression of BMP-2 was prominent in treated group of osteogenic supplement at 2 weeks, but vitamin D₃ decreased the expression of BMP-2 expression. Treatment of RA or mix of RA andvitamin D₃ showed the similar expression to that of negative control, but in 3 weeks, no significant difference was shown between control and experimental groups. 6. BSP was notably increased in the osteogenic supplement(0S) in comparison to positive control at 2 weeks, but treatment of vitamin D₃ showed the similar expression to the control group, treatment of RA or mix of RA and vitamin D₃ showed the least expression. These results suggested that vitamin D₃ and RA took the differential effects on the growth and differentiation of MSCs .

정신지체학교의 직업교육 실태와 개선에 대한 질적 연구

송정은 한국정신지체아교육학회 2000 지적장애연구 Vol.2 No.-

본 연구는 정신지체 특수학교 직업교육의 전반적인 실태를 탐색하여 정신지체 특수학교 직업교육의 개선방향을 모색해보는데 목적이 있다. 전국 정신지체 특수학교 가운데 충청도와 전라도에 소재한 세 학교의 직업담당 부장교사와의 면담을 중심으로 정신지체 특수학교 직업교육의 전반적인 실태를 알아보았다. 이러한 면담을 통해 얻은 결과로 직업교육의 개선을 위해서는 취업현장과 연계 가능한 직업 종목의 선정과 다양화된 교육방향으로의 전환과 부족한 전문직업 담당교사 양성이 요구되며, 학생배치 시 흥미와 적성을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 평가도구의 개발, 학교실정을 고려한 교육과정의 재편성, 지역사회와 관련기관 및 단체의 지원이 이루어져야 한다. 직업교육이 직업생활로 지속적으로 유지되기 위해서는 직업 인식개선을 위한 부모교육과 함께 학생에게도 세밀한 추수지도가 필요하고 국가 제도적 차원에서 특정 직업 종목이 정해져야 한다. The purposes of this research were investigated to know real situations and desirable directions of vocational education on special school for the students with mental retardation. The method of this research was interview with three managing teachers in charge of vocational education. The result of this research are as follows. First, in real situations of vocational education, the contents of vocational education were insufficient situation to cultivate realistic vocational men. The items of vocational education were consist of item required simple functional skills and certifications of teacher with charge of vocational education were different by three schools. The assignment of vocational teachers and students were appropriate, because it was to decide by teacher's major and student's vocational interest. But all schools didn't consider vocational program for students with severe and profound mental retardation. Second, in desirable directions of vocational education, on qualification of vocational teacher, special education teacher should be train vocational education, and reeducation of vocational teacher will be necessary inservice training on vocation education. For desirable vocational education, positive attitude and support of the parents should be necessary in industry field and vocational curriculum for student's vocational interest should be develope in national dimension.

정신분열증 음성증상에 대한 단기 토큰경제의 효과와 치료인자

안정숙,이연덕,방형석,박정은,신정호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

연구목적 : 정신분열증의 음성증상은 약물치료에 잘 반응하지 않은 채로 남아 재활을 어렵게 한다. 본 연구는 정신분열증환자의 음성증상을 개선시키는데 토큰경제치료(TET)가 효과가 있는 지를 조사하고, 종합병원의 정신과병동 여건에 맞는 TET 프로그램을 개발하고자 시행되었다. 연구방법 : 정신과병동에 입원치료중 음성증상이 주문제가 되어 삼개월 이하의 단기 TET를 받은 정신분열증환자 35사례를 대상으로, PANSS음성증상척도를 사용하여 TET의 효과를 조사하였다. 또한 목표행동의 각 수준별로 성공집단과 실패집단의 환자 변인과 프로그램 변인을 비교함으로써 치료인자를 규명하고자 하였다. 연구결과 : 1) 음성소척도 총점은 기저선 관찰기간의 31.57±4.32점에서 TET 종료시 20.66±4.63점으로 낮아졌다. TET종료시 음성소척도의 7개 증상 모두 감소하였으나 추상적 사고의 장애와 상동적 사고는 다른 5개 소척도 증상에 비해 상대적으로 덜 개선되었다. 또한 TET 기간 동안 항정신증약물의 용량은 487.58±372.79mg/day로부터 291.21±287.74mg/day로 감소하였다. 2) 자조기술 수준(Ⅰ)에 속한 항목들의 성공률은 75%, 병동활동 수준(Ⅱ)에서는 78%, 사회기술 및 작업 수준(Ⅲ)에서는 68%로서, 전체 목표행동에 대한 TET의 성공률은 74%였다. 3) 수준 Ⅱ의 성공집단은 실패집단보다 TET 종료시 항정신병약물의 투약용량이 유의하게 낮았으며, 수준 Ⅲ의 성공집단은 실패집단보다 입원경력이 유의하게 적었다(p<.05). 수준 Ⅰ에서는 간식신청, 면회, 가족외출 등이, 수준 Ⅱ에서는 면회가 강화물로 적용되었을 때 성공률이 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 이러한 결과는 TET가 정신분열증환자의 음성증상에 효과적인 치료법임을 보여준다. TET의 효율향상과 원할한 운용을 위해서는 개별화된 프로그램을 개발하려는 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다. Objective : The negative symptoms of schizophrenia usually are not responsive to drug therapy to persist and make schizophrenics more difficult in their rehabilitation. The authors investigated the therapeutic effect of token economy(TET) for negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients, and attempted to develop a TET program for psychiatric wards in general hospital. Methods : Negative subscale of PANSS was rated for 35 schizophrenics with negative symptoms as their main problems before and after short-term TET(less than 3 months). Therapeutic factors were identified by comparing patient and program variables between the achieved and the non-achieved group of each level of target behaviors. Results : 1) Subtotal of negative subscale of PANSS was decreased from 31.57±4.32 at baseline to 20.66±4.63 after treatment. With TET, symptoms of 'difficulty in abstract thinking' and 'stereotypic thinking' were less responsive than the other 5 items of the scale. Also the dose of antipsychotics prescribed was reduced to 291.21±287.74mg/day from 487.58±372.79mg/day. 2) The achievement rate of level Ⅰ(self-help) was 75%, level Ⅱ(ward-activity) 78%, and level Ⅲ(social activity/occupation) 68%, resulting in average 74% for all target behaviors. 3) On level Ⅱ, dose of antipsychotics was lower, and on level Ⅲ, number of admission was fewer and female sex was more frequent in achieving patient group than nonachieving group. The rate of achievement was higher in case of special food, reception, and outing with family applied as a reinforcer on level Ⅰ, and reception on level Ⅱ. Conclusion : These results showed that TET was effective for schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms in psychiatric ward. Further investigations to refine the individual program of TET will be needed for enhancement of it's therapeutic efficacy and smart application of it.