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Tailoring the Permselectivity of Water Desalination Membranes via Nanoparticle Assembly
Chan, Edwin P.,Mulhearn, William D.,Huang, Yun-Ru,Lee, Jung-Hyun,Lee, Daeyeon,Stafford, Christopher M. American Chemical Society 2014 Langmuir Vol.30 No.2
<P>Thin film composite membranes can selectively separate mono- and divalent ions from water via solution-diffusion of each species through a dense but ultrathin, highly cross-linked polymer “skin” layer; water is transported across the membrane faster than associated salts. Changing the selectivity of the “skin” layer typically requires adjusting the monomer chemistries that make up the polymer “skin” layer, but doing so also impacts a host of other membrane properties. Here, we employ electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition of inorganic nanoparticles to enhance the permselectivity of an existing commercial nanofiltration membrane. We chose this approach because it is simple and robust and does not require any change to the underlying chemistry of the thin film composite (TFC) membrane. We found that a single layer of nanoparticles was sufficient to increase the permselectivity of the membrane by nearly 50%, compared to the virgin TFC membrane. In order to understand the mechanism for permselectivity enhancement, we developed a modified solution-diffusion model to account for the additional hydraulic resistance of the nanoparticle layer, which can faithfully capture the effect of nanoparticle layer thickness on the observed water and salt flux of the modified TFC membrane.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/langd5/2014/langd5.2014.30.issue-2/la403718x/production/images/medium/la-2013-03718x_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/la403718x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Nanoscale Pillar-Enhanced Tribological Surfaces as Antifouling Membranes
Choi, Wansuk,Chan, Edwin P.,Park, Jong-Hyun,Ahn, Won-Gi,Jung, Hyun Wook,Hong, Seungkwan,Lee, Jong Suk,Han, Ji-Young,Park, Sangpil,Ko, Doo-Hyun,Lee, Jung-Hyun American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.45
<P>We present a nonconventional membrane surface modification approach that utilizes surface topography to manipulate the tribology of foulant accumulation on water desalination membranes via imprinting of submicron titanium dioxide (TiO2) pillar patterns onto the molecularly structured, flat membrane surface. This versatile approach overcomes the constraint of the conventional approach relying on interfacial polymerization that inevitably leads to the formation of ill-defined surface topography. Compared to the nonpatterned membranes, the patterned membranes showed significantly improved fouling resistance for both organic protein and bacterial foulants. The use of hydrophilic TiO2 as a pattern material increases the membrane hydrophilicity, imparting improved chemical antifouling resistance to the membrane. Fouling behavior was also interpreted in terms of the topographical effect depending on the relative size of foulants to the pattern dimension. In addition, computational fluid dynamics simulation suggests that the enhanced antifouling of the patterned membrane is attributed to the enhancement in overall and local shear stress at the fluid TiO2 pattern interface.</P>
Jeon, Sungkwon,Park, Chan Hyung,Park, Sang-Hee,Shin, Min Gyu,Kim, Hyun-Ji,Baek, Kyung-Youl,Chan, Edwin P.,Bang, Joona,Lee, Jung-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Journal of membrane science Vol.555 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Thin film composite (TFC) membranes have attracted intense interest due to applications in various molecular separation processes including water purification, gas separation, organic solvent separation and saline-gradient energy production. In particular, growing global demands for clean water and reduced energy consumption have raised interest in highly permselective and low fouling TFC membranes for water treatment and desalination. This drive has led to the design of new molecular structures of TFC membranes using advanced materials. Here, we designed a new building block material, a star-shaped polymer, which can be assembled into the selective layer of the TFC membrane <I>via</I> a commercial interfacial polymerization (IP) technique. This ideal 3-dimensional compact globular geometry along with high density end-functional groups enabled the realization of membranes with higher permselectivity as well as superior antifouling properties even compared to commercial membranes. We demonstrate the remarkable versatility of this building block by using the same starting materials to fabricate membranes that can function either as nanofiltration or reverse osmosis membrane depending on the IP process conditions, which is not feasible with the conventional materials used in membrane fabrication.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> TFC membranes were fabricated by interfacial polymerization of star polymers (SP). </LI> <LI> RO and NF performances can be obtained by adjusting the polymerization conditions. </LI> <LI> SP assembly produces a highly permselective layer with a unique stratified structure. </LI> <LI> SP-assembled membranes show separation performance exceeding commercial membranes. </LI> <LI> SP-assembled membranes have superior fouling resistance to commercial membranes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Drug induced liver injury: East versus West – a systematic review and meta-analysis
En Xian Sarah Low,Qishi Zheng,Edwin Chan,Seng Gee Lim 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.2
Drug induced liver injury (DILI) may be different in the East compared to the West due to differing disease prevalence, prescribing patterns and pharmacogenetic profiles. To review existing literature on causative agents of DILI in the East compared to the West, a comprehensive literature search was performed on electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure without language restrictions. Studies which involve patients having DILI and reported the frequency of causative agents were included. A random effects model was applied to synthesize the current evidence using prevalence of class-specific and agent-specific causative drugs with 95% confidence intervals. Of 6,914 articles found, 12 showed the distribution of drugs implicated in DILI in the East with a total of 33,294 patients and 16 in the West with a total of 26,069 DILI cases. In the East, the most common agents by class were anti-tuberculosis drugs (26.6%), herbal and alternative medications (25.3%), and antibiotics (15.7%), while in the West, antibiotics (34.9%), cardiovascular agents (17.3%), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (12.5%) were the commonest. For individual agents, the most common agents in the East were isoniazid-rifampicin-pyrazinamide (25.4%), phenytoin (3.5%), and cephalosporin (2.9%) while in the West, amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination acid (11.3%), nimesulide (6.3%), and ibuprofen (6.1%) were the commonest. There was significant heterogeneity due to variability in single-centre compared to multi-centre studies. Differences in DILI in the East versus the West both in drug classes and individual agents are important for clinicians to recognize.
Gravitational Wave Astrophysics with the Superconducting Low-frequency Gravitational-wave Telescope
Sang-Hyeon Ahn,Yeong-Bok Bae,Gungwon Kang,Chunglee Kim,Whansun Kim,John J. Oh,Sang Hoon Oh,Chan Park,Edwin J. Son,Hyung Mok Lee,Hyungwon Lee,Hyunkyu Lee,Chang-Hwan Lee,Ho Jung Paik 한국천문학회 2017 天文學會報 Vol.42 No.2