http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Focal amplification and oncogene dependency of GAB2 in breast cancer
Bocanegra, M,Bergamaschi, A,Kim, Y H,Miller, M A,Rajput, A B,Kao, J,Langerød, A,Han, W,Noh, D -Y,Jeffrey, S S,Huntsman, D G,Børresen-Dale, A -L,Pollack, J R Macmillan Publishers Limited 2010 Oncogene Vol.29 No.5
DNA amplifications in breast cancer are frequent on chromosome 11q, in which multiple driver oncogenes likely reside in addition to cyclin D1 (CCND1). One such candidate, the scaffolding adapter protein, GRB2-associated binding protein 2 (GAB2), functions in ErbB signaling and was recently shown to enhance mammary epithelial cell proliferation, and metastasis of ERBB2 (HER2/neu)-driven murine breast cancer. However, the amplification status and function of GAB2 in the context of amplification remain undefined. In this study, by genomic profiling of 172 breast tumors, and fluorescence in situ hybridization validation in an independent set of 210 scorable cases, we observed focal amplification spanning GAB2 (11q14.1) independent of CCND1 (11q13.2) amplification, consistent with a driver role. Further, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of GAB2 in breast cancer lines (SUM52, SUM44PE and MDA468) with GAB2 amplification revealed a dependency on GAB2 for cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, survival and invasion, likely mediated through altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. GAB2 knockdown also reduced proliferation and survival in a cell line (BT474) with ERBB2 amplification, consistent with the possibility that GAB2 can function downstream of ERBB2. Our studies implicate focal amplification of GAB2 in breast carcinogenesis, and underscore an oncogenic role of scaffolding adapter proteins, and a potential new point of therapeutic intervention.
第4腦室에 發生한 Myxopapillary Ependymoma 1例
全東輝,朴舜河,李基燦,李大一 中央醫學社 1973 中央醫學 Vol.24 No.3
Many clinical and pathological studies of ependymoma have been studied in the past. Ependymomas were classified as follows by Kernohan; 1. Papilloma choroideum 2. Myxopapillary ependymoma 3. Epithelial ependymoma 4. Cellular ependymoma. Among them Myxopapillary type apparently arise from the film terminale andl very rarely found in the region of the ventricle of the brain. We are reporting this rare case of Myxopapillary ependymoma in 4th ventricle which has had vague clinical courses.and literature reviewed.
소나무류 육종에 있어 임의 증폭 다형 디엔에이(RAPD)지표를 이용한 우량 임목의 조기 선발
로버트 티즈데일,이재선,정은주,문홍규,글렌 데일 江源大學校 林科大學 森林科學硏究所 1995 Journal of Forest Science Vol.11 No.-
지표-형질의 상관은 우량 개체 선발과 유전획득량의 증대를 위해 임목 육종에서 해결되어야 할 중요한 과제 중의 하나로 최근 분자유전학적 수준에서의 임의 증폭 다형 디엔에이 (RAPD) 기술의 발달로 이의 해결이 눈 앞에 다가왔다. 호주 퀸즈랜드산림청과 퀸즈랜드대 임목생물공학연구소가 공동 연구하고 있는 슬래쉬소나무, 카리비아소나무 및 그 교잡종에 있어 이 기술을 이용한 수피 두께에 대한 연구 및 육종 계획 전략을 소개한다. 1대 잡종에서 186개의 지표를 포함한 총 길이 1641cM의 16개 연관군의 유전적 지도가 작성되었고, 이 연관군 지도에 수피 두께를 지배하는 6개의 유전자좌가 추정되었다. 또한, 유전적 지표를 이용한 조기 선발을 위해 먼저 중요 형질을 지배하는 유전자들에 대한 종 특성 유전적 지표를 결정하고, 다음 여러가지 대립유전자형에 대한 지표-대립유전자 상관을 구명하는 2단계 전략이 제시되었다. 소나무류는 발아시 양료로 쓰이는 자성배우체는 모수에서 유래하나, 접합자인 배는 양친수로부터 유래하므로 이러한 이질적 유전 조성을 갖인 종자의 발달을 이용한 RAPD 지표와 형질의 상관 연구는 배 단계에서도 우량 개체의 선발을 가능하게 하여 소나무류 육종의 장래를 밝게 하고 있다. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technology, a recent approach in molecular genetics, is much usable to select the elite trees and to maximize the genetic gain in forest tree breeding program, providing a clue to determine the genetic marker-trait correlation. This review intorduces research on bark thickness and breeding strategy in Pinus elliottii, Pinus caribaea and their hybrid by Queensland Forest Service and ForBio Research Pty Ltd, University of Queensland, which employ RAPD technology. Genetic linkage map of F₁hybrids includes 186 RAPD markers and 16 linkgae groups (1641 cM long in total) and 6 quantitative trait loci are located putatively for bark thickness. Following recent research results and experiences in pine breeding programs, the forseeable stages in the application and development are proposed for marker assisted selectin; stage 1 - determination of species specific markers for genes controlling traits of commercial interest, and stage 2 - determination of marker-allele association for specific allelic variants within pure species. As pines inherit their megagametophytes from the seed parent and zygotic embryos from both male and female parents, the determination of marker-trait correlation is possible even in embryo stage, eventually making ways for the early selection of elite individuals.
After the Fall: The Dust and Gas in E+A Post-starburst Galaxies
Smercina, A.,Smith, J. D. T.,Dale, D. A.,French, K. D.,Croxall, K. V.,Zhukovska, S.,Togi, A.,Bell, E. F.,Crocker, A. F.,Draine, B. T.,Jarrett, T. H.,Tremonti, C.,Yang, Yujin,Zabludoff, A. I. American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.855 No.1
<P>The traditional picture of post-starburst galaxies as dust-and gas-poor merger remnants, rapidly transitioning to quiescence, has been recently challenged. Unexpected detections of a significant interstellar medium (ISM) in many post-starburst galaxies raise important questions. Are they truly quiescent, and if so, what mechanisms inhibit further star formation? What processes dominate their ISM energetics? We present an infrared spectroscopic and photometric survey of 33 E+A post-starbursts selected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, aimed at resolving these questions. We find compact, warm dust reservoirs with high PAH abundances and total gas and dust masses significantly higher than expected from stellar recycling alone. Both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)/total infrared (TIR) and dust-to-burst stellar mass ratios are seen to decrease with post-burst age, indicative of the accumulating effects of dust destruction and an incipient transition to hot, early-type ISM properties. Their infrared spectral properties are unique, with dominant PAH emission, very weak nebular lines, unusually strong H-2. rotational emission, and deep [C II] deficits. There is substantial scatter among star formation rate (SFR) indicators, and both PAH and TIR luminosities provide overestimates. Even as potential upper limits, all tracers show that the SFR has typically experienced a decline of more than two orders of magnitude since the starburst and that the SFR is considerably lower than expected given both their stellar masses and molecular gas densities. These results paint a coherent picture of systems in which star formation was, indeed, rapidly truncated, but in which the ISM was not completely expelled, and is instead supported against collapse by latent or continued injection of turbulent or mechanical heating. The resulting aging burst populations provide a 'high-soft' radiation field that seemingly dominates the E+A galaxies' unusual ISM energetics.</P>
Bae, Wonki,Hancock, Dale D.,Call, Douglas R.,Park, Yong Ho,Berge, Anna Catharina B.,Finger, Regina M.,Sischo, William M.,Besser, Thomas E. Elsevier 2007 Veterinary microbiology Vol.122 No.3-4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic similarity of <I>Campylobacter jejuni</I> and <I>Campylobacter coli</I> with similar antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, isolated from cattle on different farms and at different times, in order to evaluate the possible existence of disseminated antimicrobial resistant clones. PFGE after <I>Sma</I>I and <I>Kpn</I>I restriction identified 23 and 16 distinct PFGE patterns among 29 <I>C. jejuni</I> and 66 <I>C. coli</I> isolates, respectively. In <I>C. coli</I>, 51 (77%) of the resistant isolates demonstrated one of the four indistinguishable PFGE patterns, whereas only 24% doxycycline resistant <I>C. jejuni</I> shared one of the two indistinguishable PFGE patterns. The genetic mechanisms of resistance were homogeneous within and between these clonal types. Genetically indistinguishable (clonal) groups of <I>C. coli</I> accounted for most <I>Campylobacter</I> sp. with multiple antimicrobial resistance observed in this study, consistent with a role for clonal dissemination in the epidemiology of resistance in this species.</P>
Correlation between fracture surface morphology and toughness in Zr-based bulk metallic glasses
Suh, Jin-Yoo,Dale Conner, R.,Paul Kim, C.,Demetriou, Marios D.,Johnson, William L. Cambridge University Press (Materials Research Soc 2010 Journal of materials research Vol.25 No.5
<P>Fracture surfaces of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses of various compositions tested in the as-cast and annealed conditions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The tougher samples have shown highly jagged patterns at the beginning stage of crack propagation, and the length and roughness of this jagged pattern correlate well with the measured fracture toughness values. These jagged patterns, the main source of energy dissipation in the sample, are attributed to the formation of shear bands inside the sample. This observation provides strong evidence of significant “plastic zone” screening at the crack tip.</P>
Code 128 Barcode Reader Implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array
Antoniette P. Mondigo,Allan Dale C. Alquizola,Franco D. Sioquim,Ercel Peter A. Sotto,Jamesdin F. Yap 대한전자공학회 2010 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1
Code 128 Barcode Reader Implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array is an application of image capture and post-processing for encoded data analysis using programmable logic. The embedded Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) of Xilinx Spartan-3 Starter Kit Board was utilized for decoding a specific barcode input, the Code 128. The project used a CMOS camera to capture images and store data into the FPGA. The decoding logic is subdivided into different modules described using Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHSIC HDL or VHDL). The decoded results were displayed into a monitor screen in the form of characters based on the specific table for the Code 128 barcode.