정신분열병환자의 회화에 나타난 예후적 특징에 관한 일 연구

고대관,김재환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1990 신경정신의학 Vol.29 No.4

This study was attempted to examine the validity of the characteristics which had been suggested as the prognostic signs in the human figure drawings of the schizophrenics. Subjects were 63 schizophrenics and 44 non-psychotic patients. As a result, there were significant differences between two groups in reference to following parameters ; media(p<.05), global expressiveness(p<.01), drawn body area(p<.05), number of color used(p<.01), Arieti effects-spatial alteration(p<.05), infantilization(p<.058), detail(p<.01), and emphasized body area(p<.05). It has been thought that seven of these pronostic signs could provided the basic data for the future study of prognostic signs in drawings of the schizophrenics.

화학과 생물 교과서에서 삼투 개념에 관한 설명 유형 분석

고영환,강대훈,박동조,김동욱,백성혜 한국과학교육학회 2002 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.22 No.4

이 연구에서는 고등학교와 대학교 화학과 생물 교과서에 제시된 삼투 개념에 대한 설명 유형 및 그림표현 유형을 분석하였다. 그리고 고등학교 화학Ⅱ 교과서와 생물Ⅱ교과서의 단원을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 삼투현상에 대해서는 용매의 확산으로 설명하는 유형, 충돌로 설명하는 유형, 수화로 설명하는 유형, 농도의 평형으로 설명하는 유형 그리고 구멍을 막는 것으로 설명하는 유형 등 다섯 가지 유형으로 설명하고 있었다. 그리고 삼투 개념에 대한 설명 유형과 교과서에 제시된 그림 표현 유형 사이에 일치하지 않는 경우도 분석되었다. In this study, we analyzed types of explanation on osmosis concept that were represented in chemistry and biology textbooks of high school and college. There were 5 types of explanation on osmosis concept. The types of explanation were diffusion of solvent, collision, hydration, equilibrium of concentration and screen of holes. Last two types of explanation were classified into misconceptions. The various types of explanation on osmosis concept might cause to have be a reason that students had many misconceptions and to feel difficult to learn about osmosis concept. Many of textbooks is accord to types of concept explanation and figure explanation on osmosis but some is not

교육대학생의 학습량 조사 분석 연구 : 과제물의 양과 해결을 중심으로

고대혁,허 숙,한안진,김규환 仁川敎育大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.2

University education is not enough with only lectures in order to achieve its educational goals. University is, by definition, a place where inividual academic researches and studies of professors and students are to take place. For this purpose, university students are required to do various kinds of home work, individual study, and report writing. This study tries to investigate the types and amount of individual learning tasks which is provided to the students of Inchon National Teachers University. There are various kinds of individual learning tasks : reading books, finding material, observation and experimentation, skill practice, and report writing. As the results of the study, we can find that : (1) Students are required to take more or less than 10 courses in a semester and every course require 2 or 3 reports. (2) Many students feel that the amount of individual tasks are too heavy to solve within the given time. Especially, the most heavy amount of tasks are given during the third year of university curriculum. (3) Most of the students think that individual study tasks are necessary for university education. But they hope the tasks should be inquiry-oriented rather than memory or mechanical work-oriented. (4) Students want to have a space like Curriculum Material Preparation Area(CMPA) in order to make individual learning tasks.

저염농도의 자리발효식품의 가공에 관한 연구

송대진,김재하,강영주,김수현,고영환,하진환 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1990 産業技術硏究報告 Vol.1 No.-

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data on salted and fermented damsel fish(Jari-Jeot), one of the important traditional marine foods in Cheju-Do. and also to seek salt lowering method for the development of a new local tourist food. The results are as follows : The best organoleptic results were obtained after 60 days' fermentation for 25.0, 12.5 and 10% of salt-added group, and around 45 days for 7.5 and 5% of salt-added group. In raw fish ingredient IMP was abundant which marked 17.7 μmole/g while in fermented fish hypoxanthine was predominant but ATP and ADP were not detected after 30 days' fermentation. Sixteen kinds of free amino acids were detected and identified in Jari-Jeot instead of 17 kinds of those in raw sample. The abundant amino acids in Jari-Jeot after 60 days' fermentation were lysine. alanine, glutamic acid, glycine and leucine, and those were consisted of approximately 60% of the total free amino acids. During fermentation the content of TMAO was decreased gradually and no TMAO was detected after 75 days' fermentation while that of TMA was increased during fermentation up to 45 days' and decreased afterwards. The fatty acid of low-salt Jari-Jeot was composed of 31.9% of saturated acids, 13.2% of monoenoic acids and 54. 9% of of polyenoic acids. While the content of EPA in polyenoic acids was 1.9%, that of DHA was 23.0%. In order to lower salt concentaration of fermented damsel fish, additon of Pediococcus halophilus culture as a starter together with 10-12.596 of salt, 4-5% of KCI, and 2% of glucose gave as good quality as traditionally made Jari-Jeot.

低鹽濃度의 자리醱酵食品의 加工에 關한 硏究

河璡桓,高榮煥,金洙賢,姜永周,金在河,宋大鎭 濟州大學校工科大學附屬産業技術硏究所 1990 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.1 No.-

제주도의 전통수산식품인 자리젓에 대한 식품학적 기초자료를 얻고 또한 저염화 방안을 찾아 향토관광식품으로 개발하고자 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 자리젓의 최적숙성기는 첨가식염농도가 25%, 12.5% 및 10%의 것은 각각 60일 전후였으며 첨가식염농도가 7.5% 및 5%인 것은 약 45일 경우에 가장 맛이 좋았다. 원료 자리돔에서는 핵산관련물질 중 IMP가 17.7 μmole/g으로 가장 많았으나 30일 이상 숙성시킨 경우 전시료에 걸쳐 ATP와 ADP는 검출되지 않았으며 hypoxanthine이 핵산관련물질의 대부분을 차지하였다. 원료 자리돔에서는 17종이, 자리젓에서는 16종의 유리아미노산이 검출, 동정되었다. 숙성60일째의 자리젓에서 함량이 많은 아미노산은 lysine, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine 및 leucine으로 이들이 총유리아미노산의 약 60%를 차지하였다. TMAO는 숙성기일의 지남에 따라 서서히 감소하여 75일째에는 거의 소실되었고 TMA는 45일 까지 급격히 증가하다가 이후 급격히 감소하였다. Pediococcus acidilactici를 starter 로 106cells/㎖접종한 시료에서는 숙성 15일만에 세균수는 최대치에 도달하였으며 45일 이후에는 급격히 감소하였다. 그러나 Pediococcus halophilus 를 ?? 접종한 경우 숙성기간중 유산균 수에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 저염자리젓의 지방산 조성은 포화산이 31.9%내외, 모노엔산이 13.2% 내외 그리고 폴리엔산이 54.9% 내외였다. 폴리엔산 중 EPA는 1.9%정도였으나 DHA가 23.0% 내외로 높은 분포를 보였다. 자리젓의 저염화를 위하여 Pediococcus halophilus를 starter로 첨가하고 식염 10-12.5% KCl 4-5%, 포도당을 2% 수준으로 첨가하면 재래식 젓갈에 손색이 없는 저염자리젓의 제조가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. This study was carried out to obtain the basic data on salted and fermented damsel fish(Jari-Jeot). One of the important traditional marine foods in Cheju-Do, and also to seek salt lowering method for the development of a new local tourist food. The results are as follows: The best organoleptic results were obtained after 60 days' fermentation for 25.0, 12.5 and 10% of salt-added group, and around 45 days for 7.5 and 5% of salt-added group. In raw fish ingredient IMP was abundant which marked 17.7 μmole/g while in fermented fish hypoxanthine was predominant but ATP and ADP were not detected after 30 days' fermentation. Sixteen kinds of free amino acids were detected and identified in Jari-Jeot instead of 17 kinds of those in raw sample. The abundant amino acids in Jari-Jeot after 60 days' fermentation were lysine, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine and leucine, and those were consisted of approximately 60% of the total free amino acids. During fermentation the content of TMAO was decreased gradually and no TMAO was detected after 75 days' fermentation while that of TMA was increased during fermentation up to 45 days' and decreased afterwards. The fatty acid of low-salt Jari-Jeot was composed of 31.9% of saturated acids, 13.2% of monoenoic acids and 54.9% of of polyenoic acids. While the content of EPA in polyenoic acids was 1.9%, that of DHA was 23.0%. In order to lower salt concentaration of fermented damsel fish, addition of Pediococcus halophilus culture as a starter together with 10-12.5% of salt, 4-5% of KCl, and 2% of glucose gave as good quality as traditionally made Jari-Jeot.

탄성표면파를 이용한 표면 결함의 깊이결정

황기환,고대식,전계석 慶熙大學校 材料科學技術硏究所 1992 材料科學技術硏究論集 Vol.5 No.-

In this paper, using the spectra and the reflection coefficient of surface acoustic wave:SAW, the surface breaking crack-depth is estimated by computer simulation and the experiment. In order to perform this experiment, two type shaped flows half-penny and rectangular of line-crack have been made in the surface of aluminium. Measuring results, for half-penny type, the reflection coefficient have been in proportion to the surface breaking crack-depth. When the spectrum analyzer was used, the spectra analysis method for line crack of rectangular type was measured the average deviation 8.7% to the surface breaking crack-depth.

흰쥐 침샘의 Nitric Oxide Synthase에 관한 면역전자현미경적 연구

이영환,고정식,박대균,박경호 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2008 Applied microscopy Vol.38 No.3

산화질소는 생물체내에서 생리적이나 병리학적으로 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있으며, 특히 침샘조직에서 침분비작용과 샘혈류 조절에 중요한 인자의 하나로 관여함이 알려져 있다. 산화질소합성효소 (nitric oxide synthase, NOS)는 동위효소로서 내피산화질소합성효소 (endothelial NOS, eNOS), 신경산화질소합성 효소 (neuronal NOS, nNOS)와 유도산화질소합성효소 (inducible NOS, iNOS)가 있으며, 세포내에서 내인성산화질소를 합성한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 산화질소합성효소의 세포내 분포에 관한 전자현미경적 연구는 매우 드물며, 흰쥐 침샘에서의 산화질소생산효소(NOS)에 대한 전자현미경적 연구는 없었다. 흰쥐 침샘에서 NOS의 세포내 분포를 규명하기 위하여 면역전자현미경방법을 이용한 금입자표지법을 시행하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. eNOS에 양성 면역반응을 보이는 구조는 침샘의 분비세포 중장액세포에 있는 전자밀도가 높은 분비과립이었으며, 점액분비세포의 점액분비과립에서는 비교적 약한 면역반응성이 관찰되었다. 즉 턱밑샘과 혀밑샘을 구성하고 있는 두 종류의 분비세포 중장액세포의 분비과립에 금입자가 비교적 많이 표지되었으며, 점액세포의 분비과립에서는 적은 수의 금입자가 관찰되었고, 침샘의 소엽속관(intralobular duct)의 전자밀도가 높은 분비과립에서도 금입자가 표지된 것이 관찰되었다. 귀밑샘에서도 장액세포의 분비과립과 소엽속관의 분비과립에 금입자가 표지되었다. nNOS의 양성 면역반응은 턱밑샘에서 점액세포의 분비과립에서만 약간의 금입자가 관찰되었으며, 턱밑샘, 혀밑샘 및 귀밑샘의 분비세포와 분비관세포에서는 iNOS에 대한 양성 면역반응이 관찰되지 않았다. 흰쥐 침샘에서 산화질소합성효소 중 eNOS는 침샘분비세포의 분비과립에 존재하며, 특히 전자밀도가 높은 장액성분비과립에 주로 분포하고 있으며, 분비관 중에서 소엽속관에도 분포하고 있는 것이 관찰되었으나, 다른 동위효소인 nNOS와 iNOS는 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 산화질소합성효소가 흰쥐 침샘분비세포의 분비과립과 소엽속관의 분비과립에 분포하고 있는 것으로 보아 침샘에서 산화질소가 침의 생산과 분비에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 생각된다. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) has been known to regulate many physiological and pathological processes, especially the glandular secretion and blood flow. However, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) responsible for NO synthesis has not been well studied ultrastructurally in rat salivary gland. The present study was performed to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase isoforms (endothelial, neuronal, and inducible NOS). Immunoelectron microscopic study, using monoclonal mouse anti-endothelial NOS, anti-neuronal NOS, and anti-inducible NOS, was performed in the salivary gland of rat. Endothelial NOS (eNOS)-positive immunoreactivities were most prominent in the secretory granules of serous cells of the salivary gland of the rat. Immunoreactivities were well concentrated on serous secretory granules in the serous cells. However, weak eNOS-positive immunoreactivity was observed in the mucous secretory granules of the mucous cells. Positive endothelial NOS (eNOS) immunoreactivities were most prominent in the secretory granules of intralobular ducts. Ductal secretory granules and acinar serous secretory granules have a similar pattern of labeling as eNOS suggestings. Neural NOS (nNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was not detected in duct systems or in acinar cells. Inducible NOS (iNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was not seen in acinar and ductal cells. These results reveal the presence of eNOS in the salivary gland of the rat, which may be related with regulation of the glandular secretion and blood flow through the gland.

Improvement in Dimensional Accuracy of Roll-Die-Formed Clutch Hub Used in Automotive Transmission

Ko, Dae-Hoon,Lee, Sang-Kon,Kwon, Yong-Nam,Kim, Sang-Woo,Kim, Bong-Hwan,Kim, Byung-Min,Ko, Dae-Cheol 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.13 No.2

Roll die forming is investigated as a new process for manufacturing a clutch hub; in this process a tooth shape is formed by a deep drawing process using a die set with rotational rolls. Some problems are still encountered during roll die forming, such as a proper process design that takes into consideration the forming limit of sheet material, the improvement in the wear resistance of the punch and the rotational roll, and the control of dimensional accuracy. Particularly, the dimensional accuracy of the final product is affected by the clearance between the punch and the roll. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the optimal clearance between the punch and the roll for improving the dimensional accuracy during the roll die forming for a clutch hub. FE-simulation and the design of experiment method are employed to determine the optimal clearance required to produce a final product with satisfactory dimensional specifications. An experiment is performed under the same process conditions as the FE-simulation with an optimal clearance to validate the results obtained in this study. The results of the FE-simulation are in good agreement with the experimental ones within a maximum error of 5.55[%].

Single-step sulfo-selenization method for achieving low open circuit voltage deficit with band gap front-graded Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ thin films

Hwang, Dae-Kue,Ko, Byoung-Soo,Jeon, Dong-Hwan,Kang, Jin-Kyu,Sung, Shi-Joon,Yang, Kee-Jeong,Nam, Dahyun,Cho, Soyeon,Cheong, Hyeonsik,Kim, Dae-Hwan Elsevier 2017 Solar energy materials and solar cells Vol.161 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we investigate the electrical, structural, and optical properties of band gap front-graded Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSn(S,Se)<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTSSe) thin films grown by a modified single-step sulfo-selenization process from copper-poor and zinc-rich precursor metallic stacks prepared by co-evaporation. To investigate how the bandgap was graded in connection with the compositional distribution, we calculated the bandgap energy distribution along the film thickness, based on the transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy composition profile. The band gap of the CZTSSe phase with high S content near the surface layer is determined to be 1.161eV. From the surface to the bottom, there is a decrease in the S content of the CZTSSe phase, and the band gap subsequently decreases to, 1.029eV, close to the value of CZTSe. From the results of dimpling-Raman and scanning transmission electron microscopy line scanning, we confirm that the S content drastically increases from the bottom to the top surface of the CZTSSe thin film. The CZTSSe thin-film solar cell exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.33%, with an open-circuit voltage (<I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB>) of 0.505 V, short-circuit current density (<I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB>) of 31.61mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, fill factor (FF) of 64.6%, and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of 525mV. Compared with the performance of the CZTSe solar cell, which had PCE of 7.23%, <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> of 0.424 V, <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> of 32.83mAcm<SUP>−2</SUP>, FF of 51.9%, and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of 576mV, the <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of the CZTSSe cell improved considerably. The high <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB>, low <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit, and less loss of <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> are attributed to the effect of band gap front-grading induced by S grading into the CZTSSe thin film.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We investigate the properties of band gap front-graded CZTSSe thin films. </LI> <LI> The precursors are annealed by a modified single-step sulfo-selenization process. </LI> <LI> The CZTSSe thin-film solar cell exhibits power conversion efficiency of 10.33%. </LI> <LI> The high <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> and less loss of <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> are attributed to the band gap front-grading. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

슈퍼오스테나이트계 스테인리스강 GTA 용접부의 용접 적층 및 입열에 따른 공식 부식 특성

고대환(Dae-Hwan Ko),박영일(Young-Il. Park),신용택(Yong-Taek Shin) 대한용접·접합학회 2020 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.38 No.6

This study investigated the corrosion characteristics of weldments on superaustenitic stainless steels for various heat inputs and numbers of welding passes during gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW). The heat input was changed to 0.7 or 1.4 kJ/mm and the weldment microstructure and chemical composition were analyzed. The weldment corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, and the critical pitting temperature (CPT) was determined. The CPT dropped from 85 to 55 ℃ with both increasing heat input and number of welding passes. The microstructural and chemical compositional analyses revealed that the Mo segregated and precipitated in the interdendritic region, and that the Mo content in the dendritic core was lower than that in the surrounding area. The Mo content decreased when the pitting corrosion initiated. The precipitate content and dendrite core size both increased, and the pitting corrosion resistance decreased with both increasing heat input and number of welding passes.