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Jeong Hyun Kang,Qunzhe Wang,Zing Yan,Yuri Im,Dahee Kim,Hyemee Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by dysbiosis of intestinal microflora that modulates bioavailability of polyphenol. Gallotannin has shown anti-inflammatory effects on ulcerative colitis so far, but gallic acid, the most active metabolite is only produced when gallotannin is degraded by specific intestinal microbes, Lactobacillus plantarum. In this experiment, the synergistic anti-inflammatory properties of gallotannin and L. plantarum on colitis were analyzed. Mice received two cycles of DSS (2.5% for 7 days) to induce chronic colitis with oral gavage of gallotannin every other day for 4 weeks. At the end of each DSS cycle, L. plantarum was fed for 3 days. Gallotannin and L. plantarum supplementation improved histological scores and colon shortening in DSS-treated mice. In addition, their combination reduced the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6, and induced the levels of Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Bifidobacterium bifidum in DSS-treated mice. In conclusion, simultaneous intake of gallotannin and L. plantarum showed a synergistic effect in attenuating DSS-treated mice by ameliorating intestinal inflammation and restoring the disturbed gut microbiota.
Duration modulation in Korean stops: nonlocal similarity avoidance vs. timing regulation
Mira Oh,Dahee Kim,Hijo Kang 한국음운론학회 2020 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.26 No.1
This study examines the duration modulation of C 1 VC 2 V sequences in Korean. We conducted two production experiments to test the effect of nonlo cal stops on durations of segments. In Experiment 1, Seoul and Gwangju Korean speakers recorded C 1 aC 1 ata and C 1 alata (C 1 = lenis, aspirated, and tense stops) sequences. The results showed that C 1 VOT of aspirated stops was significantly shorter before another aspirated stop as in Mongolian (Svantesson and Karlsson but that neither F0 nor H2 H1 were affected. The follow up experiment, in which the types of stimuli were increased, provided two more findings. First, the trigger of shortening is ‘long VO T’ rather than the laryngeal feature [asp]. As well as the C 1 aspirated stop, the C 1 lenis stop shortened the VOT of the C 2 aspirated stop. Second, the shortening effect is bidirectional. Not only C 2 long VOT shortened C 1 VOT, but also C 1 long VOT shortene d C 2 VOT. This cannot be accounted for by segmental OCP or gradient dissimilation because the effect is purely phonetic and the two stops do not become more different. We argue that the data is explained by an isochrony tendency which modulates long periods of segments. In addition, we adopted a V to V interval to account for the duration modulation beyond syllables.
정태환(Tae-hwan Joung),강성길(Seong-gil Kang),이성엽(Seong-yeob Lee),이다희(Dahee Lee),원해민(Haemin Won) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2021 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
2018년 4월, 국제해사기구(IMO)는 국제항행을 하는 선박으로부터 배출되는 온실가스 감축을 위한 초기전략을 수립하였고, 온실가스 감축 목표를 2008년 대비 2050년까지 최소 50%로 설정하였다. 최근 IMO에서는 현존선에 대한 규제(EEXI, CII)를 도입하고, 신조선에 대해서는 온실가스 배출이 많은 일부선종과 선형에 대하여 기존의 규제(EEDI)를 강화하고 있다. 따라서 현존선의 활용을 가능한 지속하려는 선주들의 요구에 에너지 효율 개선 장치(Energy Saving Device) 활용 또는 저탄소연료(LNG, 메탄올 등)로의 부분교체(retrofit)와 함께 선상 이산화탄소 포집기술(CCS)과 무탄소 연료(암모니아, 수소 등) 추진 기술 등 다양한 기술을 검토하고 있다. 이와 함께 현재 IMO에서 논의되고 있는 시장기반조치(MBM)는 온실가스배출권 거래제를 전세계 해역으로 확신사키거나 노후선에 더 많은 탄소세를 추징하는 방식으로 시행될 것이다. 이에 대응하기 위하여 우리나라는 LNG 추진선에 대한 건조능력과 관련 기술력에서 우위에 있으므로 무탄소연료로 가기 위한 중기적 연료로서 활용하려하고 있으나, 최근 제4차 IMO GHG 연구 결과에서는 가스연료의 사용 증가에 따른 메탄의 증가를 우려하여 있으며, 이에 따라 규제가 있을 것임을 강력하게 암시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 IMO 해양환경보호위원회(MEPC)에서 논의되고 있는 주요한 환경규제 중 특히 온실가스 배출에 대한 규제에 대한 논의 동향과 이에 대응하기 위한 기술개발 및 정책개발 현황과 그 의의를 살펴보고, 우리나라가 대응하여야 할 방향에 대하여 논의하고자 한다. In April 2018, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) established an initial strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ships traveling internationally, and set the greenhouse gas reduction target to at least 50% until 2050 compared to 2008. Recently, IMO introduced novel regulations for existing ships (EEXI, CII), and strengthened the existing regulations (EEDI) for some types of ships and ships that emit excessive greenhouse gases. Therefore, in response to the demands of ship owners who want to continue using existing ships as much as possible, use of various technologies such as Energy Saving Device or partial replacement (retrofit) to low-carbon fuel (LNG, methanol, etc.) and propulsion technologies (ammonia, hydrogen, etc.) are being reviewed. In addition, the market-based measures (MBM) currently being discussed at the IMO will be implemented as a form of greenhouse gas emission trading system. In order to respond to this, Republic of Korea is trying to use LNG fueled ship as a medium-term fuel to go to zero carbon fuelled ship because it has superiority in construction capacity and related technology for the LNG-fuelled ships. There are, however, concerns about an increase in methane, which strongly suggests that there will be regulations accordingly. In this study, among the major environmental regulations being discussed at the IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), the trend of discussion on the regulation of greenhouse gas emission, the status of technological and policy development to respond to the trend will be discussed.
김범용(Beomryong Kim),강태우(Taewoo Kang),김다희(Dahee Kim) 물리치료재활과학회 2021 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.10 No.2
Objective: We aimed to identify the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on pain, hip range ofmotion, and functional disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Randomized controlled trialMethods: In total, 45 patients with chronic low back pain were randomly divided into a conventional stretching group (n=22) and a PNF stretching group (n=23). Both interventions were performed three times per week for 6 weeks. Assessments were madeusing the visual analog scale, Flexion-Abduction-External Rotation test, modified Thomas test, prone hip extension test, andOswestry disability index before and after the 6-week intervention period. We conducted a paired t-test to compare thewithin-group findings before and after the intervention. An independent t-test was used to compare the between-group differences. The statistical significance level was set at α=0.05, for all variables. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in pain, hip range of motion, and functional disability after theintervention (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed in pain, hip range of motion, and functional disability in patientsbelonging to the PNF stretching group (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the application of PNF stretching can effectively reduce pain and improve hiprange of motion and functional disability in patients with chronic low back pain.
Lerro, Catherine,Freeman, Laura Beane,Portengen, Lutzen,Kang, Dahee,Lee, Kyoungho,Blair, Aaron,Lynch, Charles,Bakke, Berit,Roos, Anneclaire de,Vermeulen, Roel BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2016 Occupational and environmental medicine Vol.73 No.suppl1
<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Reactive oxygen species, potentially formed through environmental or lifestyle exposures, can overwhelm an organism’s antioxidant capabilities resulting in oxidative stress. Long-term oxidative stress is linked with chronic diseases including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. We utilised a longitudinal study of corn farmers and non-farming controls in Iowa to examine the impact of exposure to atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on markers of oxidative stress. These pesticides are associated with oxidative stress in vivo, as well as cancer, and are among the most widely used herbicides in the United States. </P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The study included 225 urine samples collected through the growing season (pre-planting, planting, growing season, harvest, and off-season) of 10 controls who did not apply pesticides occupationally and 30 farmers who did; all were non-smoking men ages 40 to 60 years. Atrazine mercapturate (an atrazine metabolite), 2,4-D, and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], and 8-isoprostaglandin-F2α [8-isoPGF]) were measured in urine samples. We calculated β estimates and p-values for each pesticide-oxidative stress marker combination using linear mixed-effect models adjusted for creatinine, time, and other covariates in order understand the impact of exposure to these herbicides on oxidative stress. </P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Overall, farmers had higher urinary atrazine mercapturate and 2,4-D levels compared to controls. In multivariate linear mixed-effect regression models, after natural log transformation, 2,4-D was associated with elevated levels of 8-OHdG (β = 0.047, p = 0.048) and 8-isoPGF (β = 0.076, p = 0.075). We saw no associations with 2,4-D and MDA. Atrazine mercapturate was not associated with any of the oxidative stress markers.</P><P><B>Discussion</B></P><P>Our data suggest 2,4-D exposure may be associated with oxidative stress because of increases of 8-OHdG, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, and 8-isoPGF, a product of lipoprotein peroxidation with exposure. Future studies should attempt to understand the role of 2,4-D-induced oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of human disease, particularly cancer.</P>
Koh, Byumseok,Jeon, Hyojin,Kim, Dahee,Kang, Dukjin,Kim, Kwang Rok D.A. Spandidos 2019 Oncology letters Vol.17 No.2
<P>Interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding fibroblasts serve an important role in cancer proliferation. Colon cancer co-culture model with colon fibroblasts and two metastatic models with lung and skin fibroblasts were established, and the co-culture effects on colon cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and drug response were evaluated. Co-culture with CCD-18Co and BJ reduces SW480 cell proliferation by 4.2 and 5.3%, respectively, while WI-38 acts as a positive regulator and increases SW480 cell proliferation by 36%. CCD-18Co and BJ co-culture can also enhance XAV939 potency against SW480 cells by 16.8 and 27.3%; however, WI-38 co-culture reduces the effect of XAV939 by 38.2%. The present results suggest that, depending on fibroblast type, co-culture can have a positive/negative influence on colon cancer growth; therefore, care should be taken when considering fibroblasts as a target for future cancer therapies.</P>