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과학 성취도에 영향을 미치는 전두엽 연합령의 기능에 대한 종단적 연구
김영신,권용주,박윤복,구수정,정완호 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 2000 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.10 No.1
The purpose of this study was to longitudinally analyze influences of functional prefrontal lobe on science achievement in middle school students. In this longitudinal study, 47 students(male 19, female 27) were sampled in local area. The students were administered test of GALT(group assessment of logical thinking), CTST(classroom test of scientific test), FIT(figural intersection test), GEFT(group embedded figural intersection test), TOL(tower of London), WCST(Wisconsin card sorting test) at December 1997 and 1999. It is substitute science achievement for science grade each year. The resulted that prefrontal lobe was influenced upon science achievement. Science achievement statistically significant correlated with functional prefrontal lobe, specially logical thinking level, scientific reasoning, perseveration error. And, the development of functional prefrontal lobe functions did not only linear, but also each function has differ with development speed and period. School science classroom was suited high level students. Who has been grade C and D in first-grade, they did not improved. A first-grade achievement effect on science achievement. And also scientific reasoning ability effect on science achievement.
진행 위암환자에서 Lymphokine-Activated Killer (LAK) 활성의 저하
홍원선,김영환,송재관,강윤구,이진오,강태웅,김정룡 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.38 No.3
Natural killer(NK) and lymphokine-activated killer(LAK) activities were determined in 31 patients with unresectable stomach cancer before and immediately after chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and mitomycin C(FAM) and 31 healthy volunteers. The major purposes of the study were focused on whether peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBL) in stomach cancer patients had a similar ability in the generation of LAK activity to those in healthy volunteers and what the effect was of chemotherapy with FAM on the generation of LAK activity. LAK cells were generated in vitro by culturing human PBL with 100 U/㎖ of recombinant human interleukin-2(rH-IL-2) for 72 hours. K562(human myelogenous leukemia cell line) and MKN-45(human stomach adenocarcinoma cell line) were used as target cells for NK and LAK activities. NK activity against K562, a sensitive line, was significantly depressed in patients with stomach cancer compared with that in healthy volunteers(p<0.01). However, LAK activity against K562 was similar to that of the controls. Age, sex and performance status(ECOG 0-2 and 3-4) did not have an influence on both NK and LAK activities. LAK activity was significantly higher than NK activity, either against K562 or MKN-45, in both healthy volunteers and patients with stomach cancer(p<0.001). NK and LAK activities against MKN-45, a NK-resistant line, in patients with stomach cancer showed significantly lower levels than those in healthy volunteers. We also analyzed the effect of chemotherapy with FAM on NK and LAK activities, with no suppression of NK and LAK activities being observed. In this study, we have demonstrated that PBL of stomach cancer have a reduced ability to generate LAK activity in response to rH-IL-2. However, LAK activity generated from PBL receiving chemotherapy with FAM was similar to that of PBL without chemotherapy.
The Newly Suggested Therapeutic Classification for Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Chung, Yoon Jo,Chung, Koo Yoon,Kim, Seung Jo CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1979 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.7 No.1
The successful response to treatment in gestational trophoblastic disease was depend upon several factors; the duration of disease prior to the chemotherapy, the hCG titer as the pretreatment period, the findings of pelvic angiography and pelvic examination, the proper administration of the chemotherapeutic agents, the site and size of metastatic tumor mass, particularly the presence of intracranial metastasis. These factors provide a basis for five groups of therapeutic classification that allows the prognosis to be defined at the time of diagnosis and facilitates the design of therapeutic regimen. On the basis of this study, therapeutic classification of gestational trophoblastic disease is proposed.
( Sang Yoon Chung ),( Ja Seol Koo ),( Seung Young Kim ),( Jong Jin Hyun ),( Sung Woo Jung ),( Bora Keum ),( Beom Jae Lee ),( Yoon Tae Jeen ),( Sang Woo Lee ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background/Aims: In Korea, the surveillance colonoscopy after initial negative colonoscopy is recommended 5 years after negative colonoscopy. We evaluated the risk factors for colorectal neoplasia after negative screening colonoscopy. Methods: Among the patients underwent screening colonoscopy at Korea University Ansan Hospital from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2009, the subjects without adenomas wereenrolled in the study retrospectively. Baseline characteristics on index colonoscopy and surveillance colonoscopic fi ndings were reviewed. Advanced adenoma was de-fi ned as an adenoma that met more than one of the following criterias: a size =10 mm, the presence of a substantial villous component, the presence of high-grade dysplasia. The prevalence of any adenoma and advanced adenoma were identifi ed and the risk factors on surveillance colonoscopy after negative screening colonoscopy were evaluated by using Cox regression model. Results: Among total 3,516 patients with screening colonoscopy, 1,506 without any adenomas were enrolled. The median of follow up interval after screening colonoscopy was 47.3 months(range,12.0 ~ 124.8). The incidence of any adenoma within 5years after negative colonoscopy was 293(29.0%) and those of any adenoma from 5 to 10 years was 135(27.2%). The prevalences of same terms in advanced adenoma were23(2.5%) and 8(1.4%). In cox regression analysis, the prevalence of any adenoma on surveillance colonoscopy were significantly increased in male(P<0.001) and old age(P<0.001). However, male gender and age were not associated with risk of advanced adenoma. Conclusions: Among the subjects with no colorectal adenoma on initial screening colonoscopy, the incidence of advanced adenomas was 2.1% on 10 year follow up surveillance. Although gender and age is associated with metachronous colorectal adenoma on surveillance colonoscopy, those are not associated with advanced adenoma. Therefore, surveillance interval of colonoscopy can be prolonged to 10 years.
강윤구(Yoon-Koo KANG),정해용(Hae-Yeong Chung),이명호(Myung-Ho LEE),윤형석(Hyung-Seok Yoon),남지현(ji-Hyun Nam) 한국항해항만학회 2008 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.추계
기존 방파제의 상치부 형상은 직립형이 대부분이었으나 최근에는 이용자들의 친수성을 고려하여 친수식계단형을 많이 도입하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 직립형은 월파 및 반사파 저감 효과 등의 수리적 특성이 떨어지며, 친수형계단형은 월파발생이 쉬운 구조로서 항내 정온도 및 항만가동을 확보에 불리한 구조이다. 이에 대한 단점을 보완하고자 파압저감 및 월파 저감 효과가 뛰어난 다단계소파형 곡면파라펫 상치를 개발하여 현장에 적용하였다. The superstructure with vertical walls had widely been applied in the design of breakwater and more water-friendly superstructures with stairs, providing people with improved accessibility, have recently been introduced. But it is proved that vertical walls have inferior hydraulic performance in controlling wave-reflection & wave-overtopping and water-friendly stairs also give adverse effects on port operation-ratio & port calmness due to more wave-overtopping, respectively. As all alternative to the above, wave-absorbing curved-surface parapets in serials on the superstructure of breakwater, which are verified to have less wave-attack force and wave-overtopping through various tests, are recommended and applied to the detail design for construction.
Yoon, In-Soo,Choi, Min-Koo,Kim, Jung Sun,Shim, Chang-Koo,Chung, Suk-Jae,Kim, Dae-Duk Informa Healthcare 2011 Xenobiotica Vol.41 No.3
<OL><LI><P>The pharmacokinetics of metoprolol after intravenous (IV) (0.5, 1, and 2 ??mg/kg) and oral (1, 2, and 5 ??mg/kg) administration, and the intestinal and hepatic first-pass extraction of metoprolol after IV, intraportal, and intraduodenal (1 and 2 ??mg/kg) administration were comprehensively assessed in rats.</P></LI><LI><P>Metoprolol exhibited dose-independent pharmacokinetics after IV administration, and dose-dependent pharmacokinetics after oral administration probably due to the saturable first-pass extraction of metoprolol. At doses where metoprolol exhibited dose-independent pharmacokinetics (1 and 2 ??mg/kg), complete absorption (>99.2%) and low <I>F</I> (<0.245) after oral administration were observed. The intestinal and hepatic first-pass extraction ratio (<I>E</I><SUB>G</SUB> and <I>E</I><SUB>H</SUB>, respectively) of metoprolol were approximately 0.45 and 0.60, respectively (equivalent to approximately 45% and 30% of orally administered dose, respectively), suggesting considerable contribution of intestinal first-pass extraction to the low <I>F</I> of metoprolol in rats.</P></LI><LI><P>The <I>E</I><SUB>G</SUB> in rats was predicted from <I>in vitro</I> clearance and/or permeability data utilizing the <I>Q</I><SUB>Gut</SUB> model and well-stirred model (0.347 and 0.626, respectively). The predicted <I>E</I><SUB>G</SUB> values were in good agreement with the observed <I>in vivo E</I><SUB>G</SUB> (0.492-??0.443), suggesting the utility of the prediction of <I>in vivo</I> intestinal first-pass extraction from the <I>in vitro</I> clearance using intestinal microsomes.</P></LI></OL>