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Lee, Cho Rong,Kim, Changman,Song, Young Eun,Im, Hyeonsung,Oh, You-Kwan,Park, Sunghoon,Kim, Jung Rae Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.259 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The biological conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) has been highlighted for the development of a C1 gas biorefinery process. Despite this, the toxicity and low reducing equivalent of CO uptake make biological conversion difficult. The use of synthetic co-cultures is an alternative way of enhancing the performance of CO bioconversion. This study evaluated a synthetic co-culture consisting of <I>Citrobacter amalonaticus</I> Y19 and <I>Sporomusa ovata</I> for acetate production from CO. In this consortium, the CO<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB> produced by the water-gas shift reaction of <I>C. amalonaticus</I> Y19, were utilized further by <I>S. ovata</I>. Higher acetate production was achieved in the co-culture system compared to the monoculture counterparts. Furthermore, syntrophic cooperation via various reducing equivalent carriers provided new insights into the synergistic metabolic benefits with a toxic and refractory substrate, such as CO. This study also suggests an appropriate model for examining the syntrophic interaction between microbial species in a mixed community.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Co-culture of <I>C. amalonaticus</I> Y19 and <I>S. ovata</I> was examined using CO as substrate. </LI> <LI> CO was converted to CO<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB> by Y19, then metabolized by ovata. </LI> <LI> Co-culture presented better CO consumption and acetate production than mono-culture. </LI> <LI> The addition of HNQ as mediator improves conversion of CO to acetate. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Cho-Rong Lee,Yura Oh,Kwang-Lai Park,Jeong-Lai Cho,Nan-Hee An,Sang-Min Lee 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.3
Phosphorus (P) easily accumulates in farmland soil due to their high affinity to cations and clay, and thus their use efficiency of crop is low. Green manure-maize rotation system might be an efficient measure to reduce P accumulation in organic farmland by improving P uptake of crops. This study was conducted to investigatethe effects of green manure-maize rotation on P uptake of maize and excess P removal in organic upland soils. Maize mono cropping and green manure-maize rotation systems (barley (B), hairy vetch (H), mixture of B and H) were established in organic farmland, and the experiments were conducted for 2 years without additional nutrients application. Green manure had a significant impact on maize grain production. Maize P uptake increased with the increased rate of hairy vetch seeding. Water soluble P content in soil was further reduced in green manure-maize rotation systems compared to the mono cropping. The results suggest that green manure-maize rotation system (except barley) without nutrient supplement increases P uptake of maizeand thus decreases soil P accumulation.
The Fate of 15N-labeled Organic Materials Applied to Chinese Cabbages Cropping System
Cho-Rong Lee,Yura Oh,Bi-Na Song,Jung A Jung,Jeong-Lai Cho,Sang-Min Lee,Nan-Hee An 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.1
Nitrogen added to farmland is used to plants or remains in soil, or is lost to environment. We incorporated15N-labeled materials (Chemical fertilizer (CF), green manure (GM), livestock compost (LC), GM+LC, andoil cake (OC) to soil and cultivated Chinese cabbages (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and analyzed the 15Nrecovery of crop and soil to investigate the fate of nitrogen. The results follow. The 15Ncrop recovery ofchemical fertilizer (CF) was the highest, and that of organic materials differed by type. The 15Nsoil recovery ofCF was the lowest, and that of organic materials was 3 - 6 times higher than CF. The 15Nloss was not significantlydifference between CF and organic materials (except GM+LC). As results, despite of the same amount ofnitrogen input, there was the difference in plant uptake and soil residue between organic materials and CF. Nitrogen of CF is used to Chinese cabbages more than organic materials, however most of the remainingnitrogen is estimated to be lost to the environment. Therefore, CF might be hard to occur residual effect in thenext cropping season. In organic materials, nitrogen is less used to Chinese cabbages than CF, but remains insoil more than CF. Therefore, organic materials might be useful for improving soil fertility and have a residualeffect in the next cropping season. We suggest that these properties of organic materials should be taken intoaccount in calculating the amount of applied fertilizer in organic farming where mainly organic materials areused. Moreover, it is necessary to investigate the cumulative and residual effects of continuous input of thesame organic materials.
Development of Organic Material Recommendation System for Organic Rice Using Linear Programming
Cho-Rong Lee,Sang-Min Lee,Hyun Young Hwang,Jae-Hoon Shin,Jung-Hun Ok,Hong-Shik Nam,Jung-Lai Cho,Kwang-Su Kim,Nan-Hee An 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.54 No.4
Fertilizer recommendation system (FRS) is a useful method for environmentally friendly agriculture. However, the conventional FRS does not deal with organic materials such as green manure and oilcake, which used for domestic organic farming. In this study, we developed an organic material recommendation system (OMRS) using linear programming. This procedure calculates the amount of organic material that maximizes the fertilizer effect under constraints such as N input range and C/N ratio. A combination of two organic materials, including green manure etc., is considered. The procedure was tested in the R statistic program using lp_solve, a library for the mixed integer linear programming solver. Application of this model increased rice yield index than standard rate of fertilizer. This program was also implemented to Korea Soil Information System. This system will be useful for farmers to make decisions that meet their specific needs, such as organic resources, crop nutrient requirements, and environmental regulatory policies.
Cho-Rong Lee,Yura Oh,Jung A Jung,Sang-Min Lee,Nan-Hee An 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.4
Nitrogen (N) supply from organic materials (OM) takes more time than chemical fertilizer (CF), because mineralization of organic N requires microbial conversion. Most organic N applied to soil remains into SOM. It might have a greater residual effect than CF on soil fertility and crop nutrient uptake and influence on N fate. Residual organic N might have influence on soil fertility and nutrient uptake of crop by depending on N cycling in soil. This study investigated the residual effect of <SUP>15</SUP>N-labeled organic materials on Chinese cabbage N uptake and soil N. <SUP>15</SUP>N-labeled organic materials at rate of 456 ㎏ N/ha applied with green manure (GM), livestock compost (LC), GM+LC, oil cake (OC), and CF into wagner pot (1/2000a) for Chinese cabbage cultivation. During continuous crop cultivation (Sep. 2018 to Mar, 2020), <SUP>15</SUP>N-labeled Chinese cabbage and soil was analyzed by using stable isotope elemental analyzer. Organic materials and chemical fertilizer were higher N uptake in Chinese cabbage than in the control at first cropping season. However, N uptake of Chinese cabbage under continuous cultivation was significantly increased 35-72% at organic material treatments compared to the control. Also, <SUP>15</SUP>N-labeled soil was significantly high at the treatments applied with GM, LC, and GM+LC, but was not at OC and CF treatment. In conclusion, organic materials (especially GM, LC, and GM+LC) had a greater N residual effect on Chinese cabbage and soil than chemical fertilizer.