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한국어 구조 중의성 해소를 위한 부사 문법과 부사 확률 문법
신승은,정천영,서영훈 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2001 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.9 No.2
본 논문은 말뭉치에서 추출된 통계 정보와 특징을 기반으로 한 부사 정보를 이용하여 부사 문법과 부사 확를 문법을 구축하고. 이를 적용하여 한국어의 구조 증의성을 해소하였다. 부사들의 사용과 수식 패턴들을 대량의 말뭉치로부터 조사하였고, 많은 패턴들 중에 비교적 규최적인 것들을 부사 문법으로 구축하였다. 그리고 부사 꽉률 문법은 부사와 릭수식어의 상대적 위치 확률과 피수식어의 품사 확률로 구성하였다. 구문 분석기에 의해 생성된 구문 구조들 중 가장 율은 구문 구조를 선택하기 위해 부사 문법과 부사 확률 문법을 적용하였고, 이것으로 부사에 의한 많은 구조적 증의 성들을 해소하였다. This paper describes a Korean structural disambiguation using adverb grammar and Probabilistic adverb grammar. These are made by adverb information which is based on statistical information and special features extracted from corpus. Usage and modification pattern of adverbs are fully investigated in large corpus. and relatively regular ones among a number of patterns are encoded in adverb grammars. And probability of part-of-speech and relative position of modified word is encoded in Probabilistic adverb grammar. Adverb grammar and Probabilistic adverb grammar are applied to select the best passe among parses generated by a general purpose parser. They resolve lots of ambiguities caused by adverbs.
심폐소생술의 순환회복 예측인자로서 호기말 이산화탄소 분압의 유용성 및 의의 : 각 심정지 원인에 따른 분석
어은경,안기옥,김정연,전영진,정구영 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3
Background: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of capnometry, the noninvasive, continuous measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide(ETCO2) in expired air during CPR. The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of ETCO2 monitoring according to immediate cause of arrest during CPR as a prognostic indicator of successful resuscitation and survival. Methods: A prospective, clinical study was performed from May 1997 to December 2000 at the Department of Emergency Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. The study included 220 patients(231cases). All patients were immediately connected to a mainstream capnometer sensor between the tube and the bag after endotracheal intubation using an infrared capnometer. Results: The 107 patients(46.3%) with return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) had higher maximal ETCO2 during CPR than the 113 patients without ROSC(31.0±19.4 vs 11.7±9.4 mmHg, P=0.000). The ETCO2 was not significantly different in relation to age, initial rhythm, and survival time after ROSC, but there was a significant difference in the immediate cause of arrest in the ROSC group(respiratory arrest: 40.2±23.5 mmHg, P=0.000). In case of cardiac arrest due to trauma, maximal ETCO2 was not significant in the ROSC group compared with the non-ROSC group(18.2±16.6 vs 10.8±7.5 mmHg, P=0.208). When maximal ETCO2 was less than 10 mmHg, we observed a sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 39.5% in predicting ROSC. There were 6 patients with ROSC even though the maximal ETCO2 was less than 10 mmHg. Conclusion: Continuous ETCO2 monitoring during CPR may be noninvasive and valuable predictor of successful resuscitation and survival from cardiac arrest. However, ETCO2 should not be used as a single indicator for either cardiac arrest due to trauma or withdrawal of CPR.
김호경,마진열,전원경,윤수영,강은정,주혜정,고병섭 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1
In order to detect the safety and effect of various aqua-acupunctures from Scutellariae Radix, the modifications of boiling, filtration and dilution were employed for the manufacture of aqua-acupunctures. We injected 0.2cc of aqua-acupunctures into Joksamri(足三里) of rat, repeatedly. we compared subacute toxicity of them with saline group, distilled water(D.W.) group, acupuncture group and control group. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The groups were all healthy and alive, and there was no special abnormality in physical condition and autopsy. And there were not any toxic symptoms in repeating application of aqua-acupunctures to the rat, including changes of body weight, organ weight, haematological examination and serum biochemical test. 2. There was slight change of body weight in acupuncture group : We could see significance after 3 days (p<0.05) and after 7 days (p<0.001) in body weight loss. After 9 days, all tested groups were suppressed in body weight increment. 3. Result of organ weight: In Palking aqua-acupuncture(D-2 group), saline group and acupuncture group there were some statistical significance. Especially, acupuncture group revealed significant result in liver and spleen than aqua-acupunctures. From this result, we could suggest that the efficacy of acupuncture was preceded herbal medicine. 4. In serum biochemical test, we examined glucose(GLU), triglyceride(TG) and cholesterol(CHOL). In comparison with control group, the diluted 10 times of hwanggum aqua-acupuncture (× 10 group) was recognized significant decrease of glucose, but the diluted 100 times of Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture (× 100 group), D-2 group, saline group were confirmed significant increment. There was not any meaningful change of CHOL in all of tested group, excepting the acupuncture group was exhibited statistically significant decrease(p<0.05). In TG level all tested group except complex injection of standard compound (CPA group) and HG, there were significant value in statistically. The diluted solution was more significant decrease than Hwanggaum aqua-acupuncture(HG). The mutual relationship of components of aqua-acupuncture tended to decrease level of TG, regardless of its concentration. In acupuncture group, we gained some interesting result in meaningful decrease in TG. 5. Haematological examination showed significant increment of gramulocytes(GR) in all tested groups except Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture. And the diluted solutions of HG expressed very high increment of them(p<0.001). The GR and Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV) of acupuncture group showed statistical significance.
HLA-C*01 is a Risk Factor for Crohnʼs Disease :
Jung, Eun Suk,Cheon, Jae Hee,Lee, Ji Hyun,Park, Soo Jung,Jang, Hui Won,Chung, Sook Hee,Park, Myoung Hee,Kim, Tai-Gyu,Oh, Heung-Bum,Yang, Suk-Kyun,Park, Sang Hyoung,Han, Jae Yong,Hong, Sung Pil,Kim, Ta Oxford University Press 2016 Inflammatory bowel diseases Vol.22 No.4
<P>Background: A dysregulated mucosal immune response to the intestinal environment in a genetically susceptible host is hypothesized to be critical to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Therefore, we examined CD-susceptibility genes involved in the immune response through a genome-wide association study and consecutive genotyping of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. Methods: An initial genome-wide association study was performed with 275 CD patients and 2369 controls from a Korean population. To validate the loci identified in the genome-wide association study, replication genotyping was performed in a different cohort of 242 CD patients and 1066 controls. Finally, high-resolution genotyping of HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor was performed. Results: Four susceptibility loci, a promoter region in tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member (TNFSF15) and 3 independent regions in HLAs, showed significant associations with CD. Among them, rs114985235 in the intergenic region between HLA-B and HLA-C showed the strongest association, with an increased risk of CD (P = 8.71 x 10(-23); odds ratio, 2.25). HLA typing in this region showed HLA-C*01 to be responsible for the association of CD among 43 HLA-B and HLA-C genotypes identified in the Korean population. However, the interaction of HLA-C with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor had little effect on the development of CD. Conclusions: We newly identified HLA-C*01 as a prominent CD-susceptibility HLA allotype in the Korean population. In addition, these results confirm that genetic variations in immune response genes, such as HLAs and TNFSF15, are important host factors for the pathogenesis of CD.</P>
3-Dimensional analysis for class III malocclusion patients with facial asymmetry
Eun-Ja Kim,Eun-Jung Ki,Hae-Myung Cheon,Eun-Joo Choi,Kyung-Hwan Kwon 대한구강악안면외과학회 2013 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.39 No.4
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between 2-dimensional (2D) cephalometric measurement and 3-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurement, and to evaluate the availability of 3D analysis for asymmetry patients. Materials and Methods: A total of Twenty-seven patients were evaluated for facial asymmetry by photograph and cephalometric radiograph, and CBCT. The 14 measurements values were evaluated and those for 2D and 3D were compared. The patients were classified into two groups. Patients in group 1 were evaluated for symmetry in the middle 1/3 of the face and asymmetry in the lower 1/3 of the face, and those in group 2 for asymmetry of both the middle and lower 1/3 of the face. Results: In group 1, significant differences were observed in nine values out of 14 values. Values included three from anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph measurement values (cant and both body height) and six from lateral cephalometric radiographs (both ramus length, both lateral ramal inclination, and both gonial angles). In group 2, comparison between 2D and 3D showed significant difference in 10 factors. Values included four from anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph measurement values (both maxillary height, both body height) and six from lateral cephalometric radiographs (both ramus length, both lateral ramal inclination, and both gonial angles). Conclusion: Information from 2D analysis was inaccurate in several measurements. Therefore, in asymmetry patients, 3D analysis is useful in diagnosis of asymmetry.
Congenital Intracranial Vascular Malformations in Children : Radiological Overview
Jung-Eun Cheon,Ji Hye Kim 대한신경외과학회 2024 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.67 No.3
Prompt medical attention is crucial for congenital intracranial vascular malformations in children and newborns due to potential severe outcomes. Imaging is pivotal for accurate identification, given the diverse risks and treatment strategies. This article aims to enhance the identification and understanding of congenital intracranial vascular abnormalities including arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, cavernous malformation, capillary telangiectasia, developmental venous anomaly, and sinus pericranii in pediatric patients.