Marked Decreases of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 Are Associated with Strong Antiviral Effects of Tenofovir in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

( Ji Young Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Yun Hui Kim ),( Seok Cheon Yeom ),( Su Gyeong Lee ),( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Si Hyun Bae ),( Jong Young Choi ),( Seung Kew Yoon ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: Immune regulatory molecules such as forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) on CD4+ T cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 CTLA-4) on CD8+ T cell are associated with antiviral effector T cell dysfunction, which influences on T cell exhaustion and persistent viral infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B. These Foxp3 and CTLA-4 are up-regulated in chronic hepatitis B. During antiviral therapy with tenofovir, the expressions of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 could be changed. We investigated the relationship between antiviral effects of tenofovir and the expression of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 during tenofovir treatment in chronic hepatitis B. Methods: Eight patients with chronic hepatitis B under tenofovir treatment were enrolled for detection of Foxp3 on CD4+ T cell and CTLA-4 on CD8+ T cell. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from these subjects before tenofovir treatment (T0), 3 month (T3) and 6 month (T6) during tenofovir treatment. For antiviral effect analysis, serum HBV DNA levels were checked at same time. The expressions of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 on T cells were monitored by flow cytometry. Results: Three patients (3 of 8) showed marked decreases of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 during tenofovir therapy (group 1). Five patients (5 of 8) showed minimal changes of Foxp3 or CTLA-4 during tenofovir therapy (group 2). Group 1 showed complete virologic response within 6 month therapy regardless of baseline HBV DNA level but, group 2 showed complete virologic response within 6 month therapy only in patients with low baseline HBV DNA level (< 7log HBV DNA). Conclusions: Among the patients with chronic hepatitis B, the patients who showed marked decrease of Foxp3 and CTLA-4 during tenofovir therapy are associated with strong antiviral effects of tenofovir regardless of baseline HBV DNA level. This finding suggests that restoration of HBV-specific T cell strengthens the antiviral effects of tenofovir.

Biomechanical analysis of lumbar decompression surgery in relation to degenerative changes in the lumbar spine – Validated finite element analysis

Li, Quan You,Kim, Ho-Joong,Son, Juhyun,Kang, Kyoung-Tak,Chang, Bong-Soon,Lee, Choon-Ki,Seok, Hyun Sik,Yeom, Jin S. Elsevier 2017 Computers in biology and medicine Vol.89 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>There are no studies about the biomechanical analysis of lumbar decompression surgery in relation to degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare, by using finite element (FE) analysis, the biomechanical changes of the lumbar spine in terms of annulus stress and nucleus pressure after two different kinds of lumbar decompression surgery in relation to disc degenerative changes.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>The validated intact and degenerated FE models (L2-5) were used in this study. In these two models, two different decompression surgical scenarios at L3-4, including conventional laminectomy (ConLa) and the spinous process osteotomy (SpinO), were simulated. Therefore, a total of six models were simulated. Under preloading, 7.5 Nm moments of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion were imposed. In each model, the maximal von Mises stress on the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pressure at the index segment (L3-4) and adjacent segments (L2-3 and L4-5) were analyzed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The ConLa model and disc degeneration model demonstrated a larger annulus stress at the decompression level (L3-4) under all four moments than were seen in the SpinO model and healthy disc model, respectively. Therefore, the ConLa model with moderate disc degeneration showed the highest annulus stress at the decompression level (L3-4). However, the percent change of annulus stress at L3-4 from the intact model to the matched decompression model was less in the moderate disc degeneration model than in the healthy disc model.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Although the ConLa model with moderate disc degeneration showed the highest annulus stress, the degenerative models would be less influenced by the decompression technique.</P>

2009년 인플루엔자 대유행 중 인플루엔자 진료소 방문자의 연령 분포 변화

김백남,곽이경,문치숙,김연숙,김의석,배인규,염준섭,이창섭,허지안 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.2

The pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) virus, after being introduced in Korea in April, 2009, spread rapidly nationwide in mid-2009. This study was conducted to characterize trend in age distribution of visitors to Flu-clinics during the pandemic. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of visitors to flu clinic from Week 36 to 52 (August 30 to December 26) of 2009 were retrieved and collected from electronic databases at 9 hospitals. Visitors 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-29, 30-64, and 65 years or more of age were classified into group I to VI, respectively. A total of 107,467 visitors were seen at Flu-clinics for a 17-week study period. Of those, 32,485 were laboratory-confirmed. Antivirals were prescribed for 62,533 visitors. Numbers of visits, prescriptions of antivirals, and laboratory-confirmed cases of the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) peaked at Week 44. A large number of visits by group II and III were followed by those of group I and V, especially around the peak. Numbers of visits by group VI were lowest in all hospitals. In some hospitals, higher number of visits lasted longer in children than in adults while vice versa in other hospitals depending on the location. In summary, the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) was presumed to peak in late October and involved majorly children and students in Korea. Unique age distribution of visitors to flu clinic was observed in some hospitals.

국외 먹는 물 자외선 소독 법규

염철민,김도겸,정광열,유양수,조창현 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.6

전형적인 DISIDA scan 소견의 Rotor 증후군 1예

황의태,염동한,권지혜,임종주,최창수,김태현,김학철 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2008 圓光醫科學 Vol.23 No.2

만성의 비용혈성 직접형 고빌리루빈혈증은 Rotor 증후군과 Dubin-Johnson 증후군의 특징적인 소견으로, Rotor 증후군은 드문 양성 유전성 질환이며, Dubin-Johnson 증후군과 감별을 필요로 한다. 본 저자들은 황달을 주소로 내원한 26세 남자 환자에서 고빌리루빈혈증에 대한 검사를 시행하여 담도폐쇄 소견없이 간담도 스캔상 전형적인 Rotor 증후군의 소견 즉, 강한 심장 배후방사능이 지속되면서, 간담도계의 조영은 지연 촬영에서도 관찰되지 않으며 신장으로의 배설이 계속 관찰되는 특징적인 소견과 정상 간조직 검사 결과로 Rotor 증후군으로 진단한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Chronic nonhemolytic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia characterizes both Rotor and Dubin-Johnson syndromes. Rotor syndrome is a rare, benign familial disorder and needs to be differentiated from Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Cholescintigraphy is a simple and informative procedure for the diagnosis, which can differentiate Rotor syndrome from Dubin-Johnson syndrome. A 26-year-old man was admitted due to asymptomatic persistent jaundice. Physical examination revealed icteric sclera without hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings showed increased serum bilirubin with direct bilirubinemia. Markedly decreased hepatic uptake and poor visualization of the gallbladder and biliary tract were shown in ^(99m)Tc-DISIDA scan. Histology of the liver showed no diagnostic abnormality without pigmentation. But, we report a case of Rotor syndrome that showed characteristic cholescintigraphic findings with normal urinary total coproporphyrin excretion.

Homocysteine과 대사증후군의 관계

최진욱,김선현,염창환,정규철 관동대학교 의과학연구소 2006 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.10 No.1

위성자료를 이용한 중국과 몽골 사막주변의 식생수분상태 모니터링

이가람 ( Ga Lam Lee ),김영섭 ( Young Seup Kim ),한경수 ( Kyoung Soo Han ),이창석 ( Chang Suk Lee ),염종민 ( Jong Min Yeom ) 한국지리정보학회 2008 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.11 No.4

기후 시스템에서 지구온난화는 세계적으로 매우 중요한 문제이고 이는 기후변화, 이상기온, 폭우, 가뭄 등의 문제를 초래한다. 특히 가뭄은 기후변화에 의해 여러 해 동안 진행되어온 사막화를 가속화시킨다. 본 연구의 목적은 중국과 몽골 사막주변의 식생수분상태를 탐지하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 중국과 몽골 사막 주변의 식생수분지수를 산출하기 위해 1999년부터 2006년까지의 SPOT/VEGETATION 위성 이미지를 이용하여 정규수분지수(NDWI: Normalized Difference Water Index)를 산출하였다. 건조한 상태의 식생은 사막화되기 쉽기 때문에 식생 수분은 사막화의 중요한 지표이다. SPOT/VEGETATION 위성영상의 근적외밴드(NIR)와 단파적외밴드(SWIR)의 밴드간 연산을 통하여 NDWI를 구하여 식생의 수분입자를 측정하였다. 그 결과 1999년부터 2006년까지의 NDWI는 사막주변영역에서 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 그 영역은 몽골 고비사막 북동지역과 중국 타클라마칸 사막의 남동지역에 위치해 있었다. Recently, global warming for climate system is a crucial issue over the world and it brings about severe climate change, abnormal temperature, a downpour, a drought, and so on. Especially, a drought over the earth surface accelerates desertification which has been advanced over the several years mainly originated from a climatic change. The objective of this study is to detect variation of vegetation water condition around China and Mongolia desert by using satellite data having advantage in observing surface biological system. In this study, we use SPOT/VEGETATION satellite image to calculate NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) around study area desert for monitoring of status of vegetation characteristics. The vegetation water status index from remotely sensing data is related to desertification since dry vegetation is apt to desertify. We can infer vegetation water status using NDWI acquired by NIR (Near infrared) and SWIR (Short wave infrared) bands from SPOT/VGT. The consequence is that NDWI decreased around desert from 1999 to 2006. The areas that NDWI was decreased are located in the northeast of Mongolian Gobi desert and the southeast of China Taklamakan desert.

진균성 부비동염의 병리학적 유형에 따른 치료 효과 및 임상 양상

김유미,허애정,임홍석,허규연,장경희,홍성관,김창오,염준섭,최영화,송영구,김준명 대한의진균학회 2001 대한의진균학회지 Vol.6 No.3

Background: There are three basic types of fungal sinusitis: noninvasive, invasive, and allergic. Both noninvasive and invasive fungal sinusitis necessarily require surgery with or without antifungal treatment. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment modalities and clinical characteristics between pathologically proven noninvasive and invasive fungal sinusitis. Methods: 40 patients pathologically proven to have fungal sinusitis from July, 1990 to January, 2000 were enrolled in this study. This retrospective study was performed in Severance Hospital, Yong-Dong Severance Hostpital and Ah-Joo University Hospital. The efficacy of treatment modalities and prognosis between pathologically proven noninvasive group (group A) and invasive group (group B) were evaluated. Results: Of the to total 140 patients, 13 were male and 27 were female, and the mean age was 51.6± 14.2 years, 32 patients belonged to noninvasive group and 8 Patients belonged to invasive group. Of the total 40 patients, 20 (50%) patients had underlying diseases, such as 8 cases of Diabetes Mellitus, 3 cases of hematologic malignancy, 2 cases of solid cancer, 1 case of steroid overuse, and the others 6 cases. In group A, only 12 patients (37.5%) had underlying diseases, however, all 8 patients (100%) in groups B had underlying diseases. All 32 patients of groups A went chronic course but in group B, all 8 patients appeard to be acute in course. The pathogens were classified to 36 cases of Aspergillus spp. (69.2%),3 cases of Rhizopus spp. (5.8%), and 1 case of Candida spp. (1.9%). As for the treatment modalities, in group A, 30 cases had surgery only and 2 cases performed surgery and antifungal treatment. Both showed 100% of treatment efficacy. In group B, 5 cases were treated with antifungal therapy only and 2 cases performed surgery and antifungal treatment. The former showed 20% and the latter, 33% of treatment efficacy. Noninvasive fungal sinusitis revealed good results even in surgery only therapy, but invasive fungal sinusitis tended to reveal better results in both surgery and antifungal treatment. Conclusion: The pathologic type of fungal sinusitis is now thought to be very important for the choice of treatment modalities and efficacy of treatment. Also the type of pathogens, immunologic state of patients, and early diagnosis of fungal sinusitis attribute to the treatment efficacy of fungal sinusitis. [Kor J Mee Mycol 6(3): 167-173]

Imaging Findings of Primary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Comparison With Findings of Drug-Sensitive Tuberculosis

Yeom, Jeong A.,Jeong, Yeon Joo,Jeon, Doosoo,Kim, Kun-Il,Kim, Chang Won,Park, Hye Kyung,Kim, Yeong Dae Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2009 Journal of computer assisted tomography Vol.33 No.6

OBJECTIVE:: This study was designed to identify and describe thin-section computed tomographic (CT) findings of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) as compared with the findings for drug-sensitive TB. METHODS:: Between October 2002 and December 2007, thin-section chest CT findings of 39 patients with primary MDR TB and 39 patients with drug-sensitive TB were retrospectively reviewed. The frequency and patterns of lung lesions (including centrilobular nodules, large nodules, consolidation, cavity, fibrotic bands, bronchiectasis, calcification, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, number of lobes affected by parenchymal lesions, and laterality) were compared. Statistical comparisons were performed with the use of the &khgr; and the Mann-Whitney U tests for univariate analysis, and a stepwise logistic regression method was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS:: Based on univariate analysis, bilateral involvement (P < 0.001), segmental or lobar consolidation (P < 0.001), and cavities (P < 0.001) were more frequently seen in primary MDR TB patients. A stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that bilateral involvement of parenchymal lesions (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-15.6; P = 0.012) and multiple cavities (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.5; P = 0.004) were significant CT findings associated with primary MDR TB. CONCLUSIONS:: The presence of primary MDR TB as detected on a CT scan may help the use of appropriate therapy for infected patients before obtaining a definite diagnosis based on bacteriology.

Integrated analysis of prognostic gene expression profiles from hepatitis B virus-positive hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent liver tissue.

Kim, Bu-Yeo,Suh, Kyung-Suk,Lee, Je-Geun,Woo, Seon Rang,Park, In-Chul,Park, Sun-Hoo,Han, Chul Ju,Kim, Sang-Bum,Jeong, Sook-Hyang,Yeom, Young Il,Yang, Suk-Jin,Kim, Chang-Min,Cho, Su Jin,Yoo, Young Do,Ch Raven Press 2012 Annals of Surgical Oncology Vol.19 No.suppl3

<P>The tissue environment in the region of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) influences both vascular invasion and recurrence. Thus, HCC patient prognosis depends on the characteristics not only of the tumor but also those of adjacent surrounding liver tissue.</P>