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Exact quantum algorithm to distinguish Boolean functions of different weights
Braunstein, Samuel L,Choi, Byung-Soo,Ghosh, Subhroshekhar,Maitra, Subhamoy The Institute of Physics 2007 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL Vol.40 No.29
<P>In this work, we exploit the Grover operator for the weight analysis of a Boolean function, specifically to solve the weight-decision problem. The weight <I>w</I> is the fraction of all possible inputs for which the output is 1. The goal of the weight-decision problem is to find the exact weight <I>w</I> from the given two weights <I>w</I><SUB>1</SUB> and <I>w</I><SUB>2</SUB> satisfying a general weight condition as <I>w</I><SUB>1</SUB> + <I>w</I><SUB>2</SUB> = 1 and 0 < <I>w</I><SUB>1</SUB> < <I>w</I><SUB>2</SUB> < 1. First, we propose a limited weight-decision algorithm where the function has another constraint: a weight is in <img SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/1751-8121/40/29/017/jpa237851ieqn1.gif' ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='\big\{w_1= \sin^2\!\big(\frac{k}{2k+1}\frac{\pi}{2}\big), w_2= \cos^2\big(\frac{k}{2k+1}\frac{\pi}{2}\big)\big\} '/> for integer <I>k</I>. Second, by changing the phases in the last two Grover iterations, we propose a general weight-decision algorithm which is free from the above constraint. Finally, we show that when our algorithm requires <I>O</I>(<I>k</I>) queries to find <I>w</I> with a unit success probability, any classical algorithm requires at least Ω(<I>k</I><SUP>2</SUP>) queries for a unit success probability. In addition, we show that our algorithm requires fewer queries to solve this problem compared with the quantum counting algorithm.</P>
A Multi-Expression Programming Application to the Design of Planar Antennae
제프리 브론스타인(Jaeffrey Braunstein),김형석(Hyeong-Seok Kim),강승택(Sungtek Kahng) 대한전기학회 2006 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.7
A method to determine functional relationships between the variable physical dimensions of an antenna and the antenna performance characteristics is presented. By applying multi-expression programming (MEP) to this data set, optimization with regard to a given criteria can be subsequently performed on the functions instead of performing repeated electromagnetic simulations. The functionals are trained on an initial population of simulation samples and refined using a point-wise error estimate to identify design parameters for subsequent samples. Additionally, the depth of the MEP tree is adjusted for increased accuracy as the data set is deemed sufficient.
이유미,Ji Won Choi,Lior Braunstein,Choonsik Lee,염연수 대한방사선방어학회 2024 방사선방어학회지 Vol.49 No.1
Background: The reference dose coefficients (DCs) of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) have been widely used to estimate organ doses of individuals for risk assessments. This approach has been well accepted because individual anatomy data are usually unavailable, although dosimetric uncertainty exists due to the anatomical difference between the reference phantoms and the individuals. We attempted to quantify the individual variation of organ doses for photon external exposures by calculating and comparing organ DCs for 30 individuals against the ICRP reference DCs. Materials and Methods: We acquired computed tomography images from 30 patients in which eight organs (brain, breasts, liver, lungs, skeleton, skin, stomach, and urinary bladder) were segmented using the ImageJ software to create voxel phantoms. The phantoms were implemented into the Monte Carlo N-Particle 6 (MCNP6) code and then irradiated by broad parallel photon beams (10 keV to 10 MeV) at four directions (antero-posterior, postero-anterior, left-lateral, right-lateral) to calculate organ DCs. Results and Discussion: There was significant variation in organ doses due to the difference in anatomy among the individuals, especially in the kilovoltage region (e.g. , <100 keV). For example, the red bone marrow doses at 0.01 MeV varied from 3 to 7 orders of the magnitude depending on the irradiation geometry. In contrast, in the megavoltage region (1–10 MeV), the individual variation of the organ doses was found to be negligibly small (differences <10%). It was also interesting to observe that the organ doses of the ICRP reference phantoms showed good agreement with the mean values of the organ doses among the patients in many cases. Conclusion: The results of this study would be informative to improve insights in individualspecific dosimetry. It should be extended to further studies in terms of many different aspects (e.g. , other particles such as neutrons, other exposures such as internal exposures, and a larger number of individuals/patients) in the future.
고지향성 구현을 위한 K-밴드 4×4 마이크로스트립 패치 어레이 안테나의 설계
이하영(Lee Ha Young),제프리 브론스타인(Jeffrey Braunstein),김형석(Kim Hyeong Seok) 대한전기학회 2006 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.7
In this paper, a 4×4 rectangular patch array antenna operated at 20 ㎓ is implemented for the satellite communication. Two 2×2 subarrays are designed and more effiecient 2×2 subarray is used for the design of 4×4 patch array. The sixteen patch antennas and microstrip feeding line are printed on the single-layered substrate. The spacing between the array elements is chosen to be 0.736λ. HPBW (Half-Power Beam Width) is 17.6 degrees in the E-plane and 18.7 degrees in the H-plane with a gain of 17.25㏈i in the simulation results.
Seunghyun Song,Hyeong-Seok Kim,Hyun-Kyo Jung,Braunstein, J.,Un-Chul Moon IEEE 2006 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.42 No.4
<P>In this paper, an adaptive frequency sampling technique is applied to the moment method for the analysis of microstrip filters and patch antennae. The analysis of microstrip low-pass filter and patch antenna in the frequency domain has been usually done with uniform frequency step. An adaptive frequency sampling technique can significantly reduce the time taken for the analysis through the frequency range without reducing the accuracy of the results</P>