NATURE AS EXTENDED-SELF: SACRED NATURE RELATIONSHIP AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR

Vimala Kunchamboo,Christina K. C. Lee,Jan Brace Govan 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

This article explores alternate ways to conceptualize self-nature relationship, that is, how nature in general, rather than specific nature places, become part of the extended self and how this influences responsible consumption. An ethnography, using participant observation, iterative in-depth interviews and photographs, was used to understand self-nature relationship and consumption behavior. The study was conducted in Malaysia using the English language as the medium of communication. The results suggest three levels of extended-self, reflecting the individual’s depth of relationship with nature; relational extended-self, encapsulated-self and assimilated-self. Nature as extended self, then, influences meanings attached to nature which results in different levels of attachment with nature; these are, functional, emotional, religious and spiritual attachment. When nature is perceived as separate from self, consumption behaviour is motivated by self-interest or self-preservation. As nature experiences are internalised, individuals begin to form emotional connections which initiates the process of self-extension whereby nature is progressively seen as part of the self. At the higher level, stronger affiliation with nature may result in religious or spiritual attachment, which motivates further assimilation of the self with nature and a sense of oneness with the broader universe promoting communal relationship and mutual gain. Our study contributes theoretically with the discovery of three dimensions of extended self and how extended self influences responsible consumption. Practically, these insights are valuable for public policy, social marketing and sustainability programs, for example, it highlights a possible solution to our unsustainable consumption behaviour which is, programs or activities which encourage our citizens to spend time with nature.

EGO-SELF TO ECO-SELF: HOW DO WE FORM THE ECOLOGICAL SELF?

Vimala Kunchamboo,Christina K. C Lee,Jan Brace Govan 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

This research provides insight into how socialisation and learning aids consumers to form their ecological self. Past research establishes that ecological self, expressed as environmental identity, positively drives responsible consumption, but there is a lack of understanding of how consumers form their ecological selves and environmental identities. The aim is to provide a broader motivational structure that drives the formation of nature identity and its influence on responsible consumption behaviour. The ethnographic data uncovers the cognitive thoughts, affections, symbolic inferences and nature experiences of participants guiding the formation of the ecological self, attachment to nature and ecological worldviews, which then drives responsible consumption behaviour. The conceptual framework outlines the overall motivation driving ecological self and identifies emotional, religious and spiritual attachments to guide the development of ecocentric, theocentric and transcentric ecological worldviews. This research mainly contributes to theory development and social marketing efforts.

양 태아 출혈에 대한 적혈구 조혈인자의 반응

정대영,김진우,신종철,이귀세라,이영,김사진,김수평,Robert A Brace,노승혜,백은정 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.3

목적: 양 태아 출혈 후 24 시간에 적혈구 조혈 인자의 혈 중 내 농도는 10-20배 증가하며, 출혈 후 48 시간에 정상으로 돌아온다. 이에 저자들은 양 태아 출혈 후 적혈구 조혈 인자의 혈 중 내 농도의 변화를 시간대 별로 정확하게 비교하여 관찰하였다. 방법 및 대상: 제태 후기의 양 태아 12마리를 지속적인 혈관내의 삽관을 이용하여, 2시간 동안에 양 태아 총 혈액양의 40%를 출혈시킨다 (1ml/min for 2hr). 태아 적혈구 조혈인자의 농도는, 처음 출혈 후 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36시간에 헤파린 처리된 주사기에 의하여 얻어진 혈청에서 원심 분리 후, Radioimmunoassay를 이용하여 측정하였으며. ANOVA로 통계학적인 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 양 태아에서 출혈이 있은 후, 태아 혈청 내 적혈구 조혈인자의 농도는 4시간 후에 기저 치 농도 보다 2.3 배정도 의미 있게 증가하였고, 16시간 후에 기저 치 농도보다 33.3배 증가하여 최고치를 보인 후에 감소하였다. 결론: 저자들은 양 태아 출혈 후 적혈구 조혈 인자의 농도 변화를 시간대 별로 관찰하였으며, 최근의 연구에 의하면 태아 신장, 간, 그리고, 태반이 적혈구 조혈인자를 발현한다고 알려진 바, 양 태아 출혈 후 적혈구 조혈 인자 증가는 조직 특이성으로 조절되며, 출혈 후 다양한 태아 조직에서 적혈구 조절 인자 mRNA 발현의 정도에 대한 연구가 현재 진행중이다. Objective: The ovine fetus responds to hemorrhage with a 10-20 fold increase in plasma erythropoietin (EPO) concentration at 24 hr and a return toward normal at 48 hr after the hemorrhage. The objective of the present study was more accurately to compare the magnitude and time course of the plasma EPO response after fetal hemorrhage. Methods: Chronically catheterized, 12 of late gestation ovine fetus were gradually hemorrhaged 40% of their blood volume over 2 hr (1ml/min). Plasma was sampled for EPO concentration at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36 hr after initiating the hemorrhage were collected at these times. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma EPO concentrations. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Result: After a slow hemorrhage in the ovine fetus (1ml/min over 2hr), plasma EPO concentration increased significantly at 4hr (2.3 times basal values), reached a maximum at 16 hr (33.3 times basal values), and declined thereafter. Conclusion: We studied change in time course of the fetal plasma EPO after slow hemorrhage and recent studies have shown that the fetal kidney, liver and placenta express EPO mRNA. These observation suggest that plasma EPO increase may be mediated by a tissue specific up-regulation of EPO transcription in the fetal kidney, liver and placenta. We have studied change in Epo mRNA expression in various fetal tissue after slow haemorrhage.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Regulates Hydrogen Sulfide Production

Hine, Christopher,Kim, Hyo-Jeong,Zhu, Yan,Harputlugil, Eylul,Longchamp, Alban,Matos, Marina Souza,Ramadoss, Preeti,Bauerle, Kevin,Brace, Lear,Asara, John M.,Ozaki, C. Keith,Cheng, Sheue-yann,Singha, S Cell Press 2017 Cell metabolism Vol.25 No.6

<▼1><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Decreased growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormone (TH) signaling are associated with longevity and metabolic fitness. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are poorly understood, but may overlap with those of dietary restriction (DR), which imparts similar benefits. Recently we discovered that hydrogen sulfide (H<SUB>2</SUB>S) is increased upon DR and plays an essential role in mediating DR benefits across evolutionary boundaries. Here we found increased hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production in long-lived mouse strains of reduced GH and/or TH action, and in a cell-autonomous manner upon serum withdrawal in vitro. Negative regulation of hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production by GH and TH was additive and occurred via distinct mechanisms, namely direct transcriptional repression of the H<SUB>2</SUB>S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) by TH, and substrate-level control of H<SUB>2</SUB>S production by GH. Mice lacking CGL failed to downregulate systemic T<SUB>4</SUB> metabolism and circulating IGF-1, revealing an essential role for H<SUB>2</SUB>S in the regulation of key longevity-associated hormones.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production capacity is elevated in long-lived hypopituitary mouse models</P>•<P>Growth hormone (GH) represses hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production post-transcriptionally</P>•<P>Thyroid hormone (TH) acts via TRβ to repress cystathionine γ-lyase and H<SUB>2</SUB>S levels</P>•<P>H<SUB>2</SUB>S negatively regulates circulating TH and IGF-1 levels</P></P></▼2><▼3><P>Reduced thyroid hormone (TH) and growth hormone (GH) activity are hallmarks of genetic models of longevity in mice. Here, Hine et al. find that TH and GH negatively regulate hepatic production of the longevity-associated gas hydrogen sulfide, which feeds back to negatively regulate circulating TH and IGF-1 levels.</P></▼3>

Amino Acid Restriction Triggers Angiogenesis via GCN2/ATF4 Regulation of VEGF and H₂S Production

Longchamp, Alban,Mirabella, Teodelinda,Arduini, Alessandro,MacArthur, Michael R.,Das, Abhirup,Treviñ,o-Villarreal, J. Humberto,Hine, Christopher,Ben-Sahra, Issam,Knudsen, Nelson H.,Brace, Lear E Elsevier 2018 Cell Vol.173 No.1

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels by endothelial cells (ECs), is an adaptive response to oxygen/nutrient deprivation orchestrated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upon ischemia or exercise. Hypoxia is the best-understood trigger of VEGF expression via the transcription factor HIF1α. Nutrient deprivation is inseparable from hypoxia during ischemia, yet its role in angiogenesis is poorly characterized. Here, we identified sulfur amino acid restriction as a proangiogenic trigger, promoting increased VEGF expression, migration and sprouting in ECs <I>in vitro</I>, and increased capillary density in mouse skeletal muscle <I>in vivo</I> via the GCN2/ATF4 amino acid starvation response pathway independent of hypoxia or HIF1α. We also identified a requirement for cystathionine-γ-lyase in VEGF-dependent angiogenesis via increased hydrogen sulfide (H<SUB>2</SUB>S) production. H<SUB>2</SUB>S mediated its proangiogenic effects in part by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in increased glucose uptake and glycolytic ATP production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sulfur amino acid (SAA) restriction triggers angiogenesis independent of hypoxia or HIF1α </LI> <LI> GCN2/ATF4 pathway regulates VEGF and CGL expression upon SAA restriction in ECs </LI> <LI> CGL is required for skeletal muscle angiogenesis activated by diet or exercise </LI> <LI> H<SUB>2</SUB>S triggers glucose uptake, glycolysis, and PPP concomitant with OXPHOS inhibition in ECs </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>