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엄정필,임수근,허보영 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1995 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.-
Microstructure of Mg-1 ~ 6wt%Zn, Mg-1.5wt%Mn and Mg-2wt%Zn-1.5wt%Mn alloys have been investigated by means of hardness test, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The Mg alloy castings have been casted into the metallic mold with room temperature, and cooling part of metallic mold have located in it's lower part. The microstructure of Mg-Zn cast alloys revealed MgZn compound around the secondary dendrite arms. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that the composition of MgZn compound was Mg-77wt%Zn, which corresponds with the value of Mg-74.5wt%Zn given by Clack and Rhines. The addition of Mn in Mg-Zn alloys refined the grain size in as-casted alloys. Manganese additions also increased the vickers hardness.
박보림,엄영란 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.1
BACKGROUND: While it was emphasized the advantages for breast-feeding and recommanded breast-feeding, it was least to solve the mother's probems in breast-feeding. To continue breast-feed, the mothers need be probided the care for the early problems. METHODS: We interviewed 62 women with questionaire during puerperium(2-31days) in Soonchunhyang Chunan Hospital OB unit. They were breast-feeding. RESULTS: The experience at early breast-feeding was very positive, which were 'the realization of role transition, the formation of attachment, the feeling of happiness. The best important problems of early breast-feeding were 'baby falls asleep, leaking breasts, and worry about insuffcient milk because of small breasts'. The maternal learning needs were significantly related with the problems that they really experienced. CONCLUSION: The education about breastfeeding and its problems should be based on the maternal learning needs and their experience. And the method of educaton should be changed from topic-oriented to problem-solving.
Natural History of Chronic Urticaria in Korea
( Bo Young Chung ),( Ji-young Um ),( Seok Young Kang ),( Hye One Kim ),( Chun Wook Park ) 대한피부과학회 2020 Annals of Dermatology Vol.32 No.1
Background: Data on the natural history and prognostic variables of chronic urticaria (CU) are rare and information about spontaneous remission of CU is limited. Objective: This study evaluated the natural history of CU and identified predictors for remission. Methods: Total 329 Korean patients with CU, who had follow-ups more than 6 months after diagnosis during a 7-year period in the department of dermatology in three university hospitals were enrolled. Clinical data and laboratory findings obtained by medical records and telephone interviews were analyzed, retrospectively. Results: The proportion recovered in 1, 3, and 5 years after the onset of CU was 10.8%, 18.8%, and 32.9%, respectively. The mean duration of CU was 6.3 years. There were no significant differences in median recovery time depending on sex, age group, severity of CU, and type of CU. The presence of angioedema was significantly related to CU severity. There were no differences in prognosis with respect to the presence of dermographism or angioedema. Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) had a significantly worse prognosis than patients without a history of AD; but not in patients with the history of allergic rhinitis or asthma. Patients with abnormal laboratory findings did not differ significantly in prognosis. Conclusion: CU remission rate significantly differ according to the presence of AD. This study provides information about the natural course of CU of Korean patients. (Ann Dermatol 32(1) 38∼ 46, 2020)
Nam, Bo Young,Kim, Dong Ki,Park, Jung Tak,Kang, Hye-Young,Paeng, Jisun,Kim, Seonghun,Park, Jimin,Um, Jae Eun,Oh, Hyung Jung,Han, Seung Hyeok,Yoo, Tae-Hyun,Kang, Shin-Wook American Physiological Society 2015 American Journal of Physiology Vol.309 No.12
<P>In a lentivirus-based gene delivery system, the incorporated gene is continuously expressed for a long time. In this study, we devised a simple way to knock down a specific gene in a kidney cell-specific pattern in adult mice by lentivirus-assisted transfer of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Kidney collecting duct (CD)-specific aquaporin-3 (AQP3)-knock-down mice were generated by consecutive injection of Hoxb7-Cre-expressing lentivirus (LV-Hoxb7 Cre) and loxP-AQP3 shRNA-expressing lentivirus (LV-loxP shAQP3) in adult C57BL6/J mice. LV-Hoxb7 Cre was designed to express mCherry, while LV-loxP shAQP3 was designed with a floxed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged stop sequence, and thus EGFP would be expressed only in the absence of Cre recombination. In mice treated with LV-Hoxb7 Cre alone, mCherry protein expression, which indicates the presence of Cre recombinase, occurred only in CD cells. However, LV-loxP shAQP3 injection alone resulted in an increase in EGFP expression in all kidney cells, indicating the transcription of the floxed region. When LV-Hoxb7 Cre and LV-loxP shAQP3 were sequentially transduced, EGFP expression was attenuated while mCherry expression was sustained in CD cells, demonstrating a CD cell-specific recombination of the floxed region. AQP3 expression in mice injected with LV-Hoxb7 Cre or LV-loxP shAQP3 alone did not differ, but consecutive injection of LV-Hoxb7 Cre and LV-loxP shAQP3 significantly reduced AQP3 expression in CD cells. However, the expression levels of AQP3 were not altered in other cell types. Double transduction of Cre- and loxP-based lentivirus can easily generate kidney cell-specific knockdown mice, and this method might be applicable to other species.</P>