미용사의 요통 경험에 영향을 미치는 요인

백승룡,남철현,배성욱,김성우,권현숙,이정옥,전연숙 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2002 保健福祉硏究 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze and grasp the actual lumbaginous condition and relevant factors of 1,182 beauty artists of beauty shops in 5 metropolitan cities, small-to-medium cities, and fishing or agrarian villages for 3 months from June 20 to September 25, 2000 through questionnaires. 1) They showed 61.0 percents in her twenties, 66.4 percents of unmarried women from all the female objects, 70 percents in high school graduates as educational background, 52.4 percents in metropolitan city as service place, 25.4 percents in smoking rate, 71.6 percents in drinking rate, 48.1 percents in general bed as condition of bedroom, 17.9 percents in exercising rate, 53.6 percents in 'little eating', 39.6 percents in two or three centimeters of heel, and 89.5 percents in hair as beauty-related professional field. 2) The rate of lumgaginous experience of beauty artists was 83.5 percents. They showed higher rate of 91 percents in the thirties and forties, 92 percents of the married, 93.9 percents in junior college graduates, 97.2 percents in higher economic classes, 88.7 percents in smokers, 85 percents in general bed, 89.3 percents in sleeping on one's face, 85 percents in swimming, 92 percents in stretch, 86.7 percents in 56 to 60 kilograms of weight, 89.7 percents in group O blood, 90.5 percents in experienced women of abortion, 97 percents in heel over 8 centimeters, 58.3 percents in 'feel much fatigue', 93.6 percents in inconvenient chair of beauty shop, and 89.4 percents in a lack of recess than other group. 3) The more women who have been experienced in lumbago, the higher their social treatment(p<0.01), income(p<0.001), working time(p<0.05), job potentiality(p<0.05), inner affinity(p<0.05), and job satisfaction of environment(p<0.001) were. Women who suffered much stress related to job environment(p<0.001), client(p<0.01), and their duty(p<0.01) showed high rate of lumbaginous experience. 4) In degree of lumbago by characteristic, there was the significant difference in age over 50-years-old, unmarried women, college graduates, service of small-medium cities, higher economic classes, smokers or drinkers, hot-floored room, sleeping with ransack, stretch or swimming, group A blood, fat body, experience of abortion, 6 to 7 centimeters of heel, convenient chair of beauty shop, insufficient recess, lumbago continued for one to the three months in comparison of other group. 5) There were variables of posture such as to place materials under one foot(p<0.001), to lay arm on armrest and desk(p<0.001), to pull materials near body while lifting them (p<0.05), to sometimes use anodyne(p<0.01), not to lift also light materials(p<0.001), to be inconvenient in sleeping(p<0.001), to be absent at job for two or three days(p<0.01). The degree of depression(p<0.001), had the significant effect on the degree of lumbago(32.7%). The results are as follows : Beauty artists have faced upon dangerous job environment to cause lumbago. The more the industrial society will be developed, the more their burden of service will be increased. In addition, the occupational stress and posture of beauty artists who showed high job satisfaction and high economical level became major factors which have had an effect on their lumbago. In conclusion, it is desirable for beauty-related organizations and professionals to positively develop program of health education with much concern as well as to lessen stress of beauty artists through education of job posture and rightful life in order to prevent lumbago of those beaut.

부정교합이 성인 여자대학생의 자존감에 미치는 영향

정민호,허욱,백승학 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.6

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of malocclusion on the self-esteem of female university students. Methods: The subjects were composed of 67 female university students who showed Class I molar relation, no missing or supernumerary teeth and has had no orthodontic treatment experience. Each subject was evaluated with Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale to measure the level of self-esteem and also evaluated the degree of anterior crowding and lip protrusion through model analysis and cephalometric soft tissue profile analysis. Results: The results showed that a protrusive profile and crowding of upper anterior teeth had significant reducing effects on the level of self-esteem. The protrusion and crowding groups showed no significant differences in self-esteem between groups. Conclusions: Malocclusion had significant negative effects on the self-esteem of female university students. Further research to investigate the negative psychological influence of malocclusion and the education of lay people about this influence is necessary. 본 연구의 목적은 성장이 끝난 성인 여대생들에 있어 가장 흔한 부정교합의 하나인 전치부의 crowding과 입술주위 돌출감이 자존감(self-esteem)에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구를 위하여 대학에 재학중인 여자대학생 67명을 대상으로 구강검진과 두부계측방사선 사진촬영, 모형계측을 실시하여 상악전치부의 치아배열과 입술의 돌출도를 평가하였다. 또한 Rosenberg의 자존감 평가 설문조사문항을 이용하여 이들의 자존감을 평가한 후 전치부의 치아배열, 입술주위 돌출도와 자존감 간에 어떠한 관계가 있는지 통계처리 하였다. 실험결과, 입술의 돌출을 가졌거나 전치부의 치아배열이 고르지 못한 학생들은 치아배열이 고르고 돌출되지 않은 안모를 가진 학생들에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 자존감을 보여주었다. 부정교합이 심리적으로 미치는 부정적 영향력에 관하여 더욱 체계적인 연구와 교육, 홍보가 필요하다고 생각한다.

Investigation of Induction Zone in Dust Detonations

Seung Wook Baek(백승욱) 한국항공우주학회 1985 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Korean National Pension Fund on the Front Line of Commodification

Seung-Wook Baek,Seung-Man Kim 한국사회학회 2018 한국사회학회 심포지움 논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

The energy-down-shift effect of Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S–ZnS core–shell quantum dots on power-conversion-efficiency enhancement in silicon solar cells

Baek, Seung-Wook,Shim, Jae-Hyoung,Park, Jea-Gun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.34

<P>We found that Cd<SUB>0.5</SUB>Zn<SUB>0.5</SUB>S–ZnS core (4.2 nm in diameter)–shell (1.2 nm in thickness) quantum dots (QDs) demonstrated a typical energy-down-shift (2.76–4.96 → 2.81 eV), which absorb ultra-violet (UV) light (250–450 nm in wavelength) and emit blue visible light (∼442 nm in wavelength). They showed the quantum yield of ∼80% and their coating on the SiN<SUB>X</SUB> film textured p-type silicon solar-cells enhanced the external-quantum-efficiency (EQE) of ∼30% at 300–450 nm in wavelength, thereby enhancing the short-circuit-current-density (<I>J</I><SUB>SC</SUB>) of ∼2.23 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and the power-conversion-efficiency (PCE) of ∼1.08% (relatively ∼6.04% increase compared with the reference without QDs for p-type silicon solar-cells). In particular, the PCE peaked at a specific coating thickness of the Cd<SUB>0.5</SUB>Zn<SUB>0.5</SUB>S–ZnS core–shell QD layer; <I>i.e.</I>, the 1.08% PCE enhancement at the 8.8 nm thick QD layer.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We found that Cd<SUB>0.5</SUB>Zn<SUB>0.5</SUB>S–ZnS core (4.2 nm in diameter)–shell (1.2 nm in thickness) quantum dots (QDs) demonstrated a typical energy-down-shift (2.76–4.96 → 2.81 eV), which absorb ultra-violet (UV) light (250–450 nm in wavelength) and emit blue visible light (∼442 nm in wavelength). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp00794h'> </P>

Effect of core quantum-dot size on power-conversion-efficiency for silicon solar-cells implementing energy-down-shift using CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots.

Baek, Seung-Wook,Shim, Jae-Hyoung,Seung, Hyun-Min,Lee, Gon-Sub,Hong, Jin-Pyo,Lee, Kwang-Sup,Park, Jea-Gun RSC Pub 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.21

<P>Silicon solar cells mainly absorb visible light, although the sun emits ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared light. Because the surface reflectance of a textured surface with SiNX film on a silicon solar cell in the UV wavelength region (250-450 nm) is higher than 27%, silicon solar-cells cannot effectively convert UV light into photo-voltaic power. We implemented the concept of energy-down-shift using CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum-dots (QDs) on p-type silicon solar-cells to absorb more UV light. CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs demonstrated clear evidence of energy-down-shift, which absorbed UV light and emitted green-light photoluminescence signals at a wavelength of 542 nm. The implementation of 0.2 wt% (8.8 nm QDs layer) green-light emitting CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs reduced the surface reflectance of the textured surface with SiNX film on a silicon solar-cell from 27% to 15% and enhanced the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of silicon solar-cells to around 30% in the UV wavelength region, thereby enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) for p-type silicon solar-cells by 5.5%.</P>

Electrochemical properties of composite cathodes using Sm doped layered perovskite for intermediate temperature-operating solid oxide fuel cell

Baek, Seung-Wook,Azad, Abul K.,Irvine, John T.S.,Choi, Won Seok,Kang, Hyunil,Kim, Jung Hyun Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.432 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>SmBaCo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5+d</SUB> (SBCO) showed the lowest observed Area Specific Resistance (ASR) value in the LnBaCo<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5+d</SUB> (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, and Gd) oxide system for the overall temperature ranges tested. The ASR of a composite cathode (mixture of SBCO and Ce<SUB>0.9</SUB>Gd<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2−d</SUB>) on a Ce<SUB>0.9</SUB>Gd<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2−d</SUB> (CGO91) electrolyte decreased with respect to the CGO91 content; the percolation limit was also achieved for a 50wt% SBCO and 50wt% CGO91 (SBCO50) composite cathode.</P> <P>The ASRs of SBCO50 on the dense CGO91 electrolyte in the overall temperature range of 500–750°C were relatively lower than those of SBCO50 on the CGO91 coated dense 8mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) electrolyte for the same temperature range. From 750°C and for all higher temperatures tested, however, the ASRs of SBCO50 on the CGO91 coated dense 8YSZ electrolyte were lower than those of the CGO91 electrolyte.</P> <P>The maximum power densities of SBCO50 on the Ni-8YSZ/8YSZ/CGO91 buffer layer were 1.034Wcm<SUP>−2</SUP> and 0.611Wcm<SUP>−2</SUP> at 800°C and 700°C.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The ASR properties using two types of electrolytes are investigated. </LI> <LI> SBCO50 showed the lowest ASR values in the overall temperature range. </LI> <LI> The percolation limit was also achieved for a SBCO50 composite cathode. </LI> <LI> SBCO50 on CGO91 has to be adopted at 750°C or in a lower temperature range. </LI> <LI> SBCO50 on CGO91 coated 8YSZ has to be used as a temperature of 750°C of above. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of nanohole structure on pyramid textured surface on photo-voltaic performance of silicon solar cell

Baek, Seung-Wook,Lee, Gon-Sub,Park, Jea-Gun American Institute of Physics 2014 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.116 No.8

Solidified inorganic-organic hybrid electrolyte for all solid state flexible lithium battery

Baek, Seung-Wook,Honma, Itaru,Kim, Jedeok,Rangappa, Dinesh Elsevier 2017 Journal of Power Sources Vol.343 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Solidified lithium conducting hybrid electrolyte is designed and processed to realize the large scale and flexible solid state Li battery satisfying energy capability and safety issue. This paper presents a solidified inorganic-organic hybrid electrolyte to obtain commercially-acceptable ionic conductivity and a stable electrochemical window to prevent electrolyte decomposition in Li ion batteries. Li<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> coated with solidified [Li][EMI][TFSI] ionic liquid is developed as hybrid electrolyte material. The material has high electrochemical stability on a high-voltage cathode and metallic anode, and the solid electrolyte has high ionic conductivity. This Li<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB>-[Li][EMI][TFSI] hybrid electrolyte has the advantages of long-term operation, safety and flexibility, so it may be suitable for use in high-voltage cathodes and Li anode.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solidified flexible hybrid electrolyte was designed and demonstrated. </LI> <LI> Hybrid electrolyte achieved an high ionic conductivity and low activation energy. </LI> <LI> Hybrid electrolyte is suitable for a flexible and safe battery with Li anode. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Metal-supported SOFC with an aerosol deposited in-situ LSM and 8YSZ composite cathode

Baek, Seung-Wook,Jeong, Jihoon,Schlegl, Harald,Azad, Abul K.,Park, Dae Soo,Baek, Un Bong,Kim, Jung Hyun Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2016 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.42 No.-