Franchising for Global Distribution: A Systematic Review

Nurul Ashykin ABD AZIZ,Mohamad Rohieszan RAMDAN,Khairunnisa ABDUL AZIZ,Hasif Rafidee HASBOLLAH,Noreen Noor ABD AZIZ,Nik Syuhailah NIK HUSSIN,Md Zaki MUHAMAD HASAN 한국유통과학회 2023 유통과학연구 Vol.21 No.10

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore areas that have been studied extensively in previous studies related to franchising as a platform for global distribution. Furthermore, franchising is a strategic distribution method that gives entrepreneurs the opportunity to replicate an established business model. In addition, franchisees benefit from the use of established branding and receive support from the franchisor. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used the Preferred Reporting Items Systematics Review and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) method to analyse data from 2003 to 2023 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Results: A total of 79 articles were identified and analysed to see trends and related themes such as product distribution, business distribution, business strategy, emerging market, and franchising relationship. Also, publication trends by year related to franchises are also presented. Conclusions: Overall, the research trend related to franchising as a global distribution is well seen, and every year, many researchers begin to explore the topic of franchising as a method of distribution that can be explored from various aspects either quantitatively or qualitatively. Lastly, limitations and recommendations are made to provide guidance for future studies related to the topic broadly and deeply in enriching the findings.

Anti-parasitic activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Eimeria tenella in broilers experimentally infected

Sadiya Aziz Anah,Saad Aziz Anah,Khadeeja Abees Hmood Al-Khalidy 대한수의학회 2022 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.62 No.4

In the study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNOPs) at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg were tested for their antimicrobial action against the oocysts of Eimeria tenella. The oocysts of E. tenella were isolated from the feces of broilers received at the veterinary hospital in Diwaniyah Province and initially diagnosed by compound optical microscopy. The oocysts were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction targeting the ITS1 gene with a molecular weight of 409 bp. The results in the first week showed that ZNOP concentrations of 20 and 40 mg/kg possess various activities against E. tenella, while 60 mg/kg was the most effective in reducing excreted oocysts compared to the positive control and amprolium group, along with the appearance of mild symptoms and a mortality rate of 0.8%. In the second week of infection, excreted oocysts and mortality rates generally decreased in all treated groups. A comparison of all groups showed that the 60 mg/kg ZNOP-treated group had a significantly lower number of excreted oocysts, and all birds in this group recovered during the second week of infection. These findings revealed the prospect of using ZNOPs against E. tenella in challenging situations of the appearance of resistance to anticoccidial agents.

Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing Politeness

E. A. Aziz 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2006 東南亞硏究 Vol.15 No.2

Mutual Consideration as a Principle for Doing PolitenessE Aminudin Aziz(Indonesia University of Education) There are various strategies used by people to show politeness in their language exchange, all of which are largely determined by the level of a speaker's perception about the potential risk of losing face resulted from his/her utterance. The provision of responses other than refusals to a request directed to a speaker at times his/her circumstances actually pressure him/her to make a refusal or refusing the request indirectly accompanied by a number of politeness markers can be regarded as examples of the speaker's strong willingness to maintain the (existing) harmony with the requester. In this paper, I will show how indirectness has become the norm for Indonesians when making refusals. This is clearly contrary to the claim made by non-Indonesians which often regard such a behavior as a sign of uncooperativeness and impoliteness. It appears that there are a number of cultural norms and values that govern their linguistic politeness behaviors which I shall formulate in a Principle of Mutual Consideration (PMC). Being a refinement to Grice's (1975) CP and to Leech's (1983) PP, PMC assumes three levels of politeness: pre-communicative politeness, on the spot politeness, and post-communicative politeness.

The Stimulus Factors Influencing Intention to Participate in Shopping during the Distribution of the 12.12 Online Shopping Festivals in Malaysia

MAHMUDDIN Yasmin,ABDULLAH Mazilah,RAMDAN Mohamad Rohieszan,MOHD ANIM Nur Aqilah Hazirah,ABD AZIZ Nurul Ashykin,ABD AZIZ Nurul Aien,YAHAYA Rusliza,ABD AZIZ Noreen Noor 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.8

Purpose: Online shopping festivals have quickly become the newest trend in online shopping worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to marketing distribution channels that traditionally emphasized traditional techniques having turned to electronic commerce platforms. Although the pandemic scenario encourages online purchasing, other factors, such as the influence of participation intention to shop during the Online Shopping Festival, must also be considered. Research design, data and methodology: Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis based on data from 121 respondents who are actively involved with online shopping activities in Klang Valley, Selangor. Results: The results of this study show that promotion categories and the perceived influence of mass participation have a significant influence on participation intention. Meanwhile, the perceived temptation of price promotion and perceived fun promotional activities did not significantly influence participation intention. Conclusions: Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Stimulus-Response models to explain the factors that drive participation intention for online shopping. In practice, this study attracts and encourages customers to shop during the festival day because various attractive promotions are offered by sellers in Malaysia

Thymoquinone Suppresses IRF-3-Mediated Expression of Type I Interferons via Suppression of TBK1

Aziz, Nur,Son, Young-Jin,Cho, Jae Youl MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.5

<P>Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 is known to have a critical role in viral and bacterial innate immune responses by regulating the production of type I interferon (IFN). Thymoquinone (TQ) is a compound derived from black cumin (<I>Nigella sativa</I> L.) and is known to regulate immune responses by affecting transcription factors associated with inflammation, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). However, the role of TQ in the IRF-3 signaling pathway has not been elucidated. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of TQ-dependent regulation of enzymes in IRF-3 signaling pathways using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cell line. TQ decreased mRNA expression of the interferon genes <I>IFN-α</I> and <I>IFN-β</I> in these cells. This inhibition was due to its suppression of the transcriptional activation of IRF-3, as shown by inhibition of IRF-3 PRD (III-I) luciferase activity as well as the phosphorylation pattern of IRF-3 in the immunoblotting experiment. Moreover, TQ targeted the autophosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), an upstream key enzyme responsible for IRF-3 activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that TQ can downregulate IRF-3 activation via inhibition of TBK1, which would subsequently decrease the production of type I IFN. TQ also regulated IRF-3, one of the inflammatory transcription factors, providing a novel insight into its anti-inflammatory activities.</P>

A Study on Comparison Analysis of Collaborative Filtering in Java and R

( Aziz Nasridinov ),( Young-ho Park ) 한국정보처리학회 2013 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.2

The mobile application market has been growing extensively in recent years. Currently, Apple's App Store has more than 400,000 applications and Google's Android Market has above 150,000 applications. Such growth in volumes of mobile applications has created a need to develop a recommender system that assists the users to take the right choice, when searching for a mobile application. In this paper, we study the recommendation system building tools based on collaborative filtering. Specifically, we present a study on comparison analysis of collaborative filtering in Java and R statistical software. We implement the collaborative filtering using Java’s Apache Mahout and R’s recommenderlab package. We evaluate both methods and describe the advantages and disadvantages of using them in order to implement collaborative filtering.

Size-controlled preparation of fluorescent gold nanoparticles using pamoic acid

Aziz, Md. Abdul,Kim, Jong-Pil,Shaikh, M. Nasiruzzaman,Oyama, Munetaka,Bakare, Fatai Olawale,Yamani, Zain Hassan Springer-Verlag 2015 Gold bulletin Vol.48 No.1

A Study on Recommendation Methods in Web Services: Existing Solutions and Their Limitations

( Aziz Nasridinov ),( Jeong-yong Byun ) 한국정보처리학회 2014 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.21 No.1

Due to Web Services’ platform and language independent nature, many business corporations have used them for the integration of various applications. However, the growing amount of available Web Services on Web forms a new problem - how to select and recommend an appropriate Web Service that matches the user requirements. In this paper, we investigate recommendation methods in Web Services, and discuss their strength and limitations.

Stage by stage design for primary, conventional activated sludge, SBR and MBBR units for residential wastewater treatment and reusing

Aziz, Shuokr Qarani,Omar, Imad Ali,Bashir, Mohammed J.K.,Mojiri, Amin Techno-Press 2020 Advances in environmental research Vol.9 No.4

To date, there is no central wastewater (WW) treatment plant in Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Therefore, raw WW disposes to the environment and sometimes it used directly for irrigation in some areas of Erbil city. Disposal of the untreated WW to the natural environment and using for irrigation it causes problems for the people and the environment. The aims of the current work were to study the characteristics, design of primary and different secondary treatment units and reusing of produced WW. Raw WW samples from Ashty city-Erbil city were collected and analyzed for twenty three quality parameters such as Total Suspended Solids (TSS), total dissolved solids, total volatile and non-volatile solids, total acidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), biodegradability ratio (BOD5/COD), turbidity, etc. Results revealed that some parameters such as BOD5 and TSS were exceeded the standards for disposal of WW. Design and calculations for primary and secondary treatment (biological treatment) processes were presented. Primary treatment units such as screening, grit chamber, and flow equalization tank were designed and detailed calculation were illustrated. While, Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS), Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR) were applied for the biological treatment of WW. Results revealed that MBBR was the best and economic technique for the biological treatment of WW. Treated WW is suitable for reusing and there is no restriction on use for irrigation of green areas inside Ashty city campus.

Do Islamic Stock Markets Diversify the Financial Uncertainty Risk? Evidence from Selected Islamic Countries

AZIZ, Tariq,MARWAT, Jahanzeb,ZEESHAN, Asma,PARACHA, Yaser,AL-HADDAD, Lara Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

The study investigates the diversification behavior of Islamic stocks against US financial uncertainty. Considering limitations found in the literature, a comprehensive index of financial uncertainty (FU) is used, developed by Jurado, Ludvigson, and Ng (2015). The empirical analysis uses monthly data from four Islamic markets - Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Turkey - for the period from January 2010 to September 2019. Results of the bivariate EGARCH models show that Islamic stocks can be used for diversification purpose against the financial uncertainty of the US because the volatility of US uncertainty does not propagate in the Islamic stock markets. Moreover, findings show that the spillover effect of financial uncertainty varies with the FU forecast horizon. The spillover effect of FU increases with an increase in the FU forecast horizon and becomes significant over 3-month and 12-month periods in the case of Saudi Arabia. The current volatility of Islamic stock returns is independent of the size of shocks in past volatility. The leverage effect and asymmetry have been found in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. The findings validate the arguments of the literature that Islamic markets are resilient facing uncertainties and perform well during crisis periods. The findings are important for investors in making better portfolio decisions.