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Hiroshi Asahara 대한골대사학회 2016 대한골대사학회지 Vol.23 No.3
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are small (~21 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs, are important players in endochondral ossification, articular cartilage homeostasis, and arthritis pathogenesis. Comprehensive and genetic analyses of cartilage-specific or cartilage-related miRNAs have provided new information on cartilage development, homeostasis, and related diseases. State-of-the-art combinatorial approaches, including transcriptionactivator like effector nuclease (TALEN)/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technique for targeting miRNAs and high-throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation for identifying target messenger RNAs, should be used to determine complex miRNA networks and miRNA-dependent cartilage regulation. Use of advanced drug delivery systems involving cartilage-specific miRNAs will accelerate the application of these new findings in arthritis therapy.
Regulation of Pancreatic β-Cell Mass by Gene-Environment Interaction
Shun-ichiro Asahara,Hiroyuki Inoue,Yoshiaki Kido 대한당뇨병학회 2022 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.46 No.1
The main pathogenic mechanism of diabetes consists of an increase in insulin resistance and a decrease in insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. The number of diabetic patients has been increasing dramatically worldwide, especially in Asian people whose capacity for insulin secretion is inherently lower than that of other ethnic populations. Causally, changes of environmental factors in addition to intrinsic genetic factors have been considered to have an influence on the increased prevalence of diabetes. Particular focus has been placed on “gene-environment interactions” in the development of a reduced pancreatic β-cell mass, as well as type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Changes in the intrauterine environment, such as intrauterine growth restriction, contribute to alterations of gene expression in pancreatic β-cells, ultimately resulting in the development of pancreatic β-cell failure and diabetes. As a molecular mechanism underlying the effect of the intrauterine environment, epigenetic modifications have been widely investigated. The association of diabetes susceptibility genes or dietary habits with gene-environment interactions has been reported. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of gene-environment interactions in pancreatic β-cell failure as revealed by previous reports and data from experiments.
타이와 베트남에서 수집된 텍타이트의 화학조성과 지구화학적 의의
이승구,Tsuyoshi Tanaka,Yoshihiro Asahara,Masayo Minami 한국암석학회 2017 암석학회지 Vol.26 No.3
We determined chemical compositions like abundance of major and trace elements, Sr and Nd isotope compositions for two tektites from the Thailand and Vietnam. Their chemical compositions are similar to each other, and seem to be similar to those of PAAS (Post Archean Australian Shale) rather than upper continental crust. In particular, primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams and chondrite-normalized REE patterns for two tektites are the same, suggesting that they might be derived from the same source material. The 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios from Thailand tektite are 0.718870±0.000008 (2σm) and 0.512024±0.000012 (2σm), respectively, and those from Vietnam are 0.717022±0.000008 (2σm) and 0.511986±0.000013 (2σm), respectively. The 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios from Thailand tektite are slightly enriched than those of Vietnam tektite. 87Sr/86Sr ratios from the Vietnam and Thai tektites were plotted on the range of Australasian tektites reported previously. 143Nd/144Nd ratio of Vietnam tektite from this study was lower than the range of 143Nd/144Nd ratio from the Australasian tektite reported previously whereas that of Thai tektite was included in the range of 143Nd/144Nd ratio from the Australasian tektite. The geochemical characteristics from two tektites in this study indicate that they may be derived from the very similar source materials. 타이와 베트남산 텍타이트의 주원소 조성, 희토류원소를 포함하는 미량원소 조성, Sr과 Nd의 동위원소 화학조성을 측정하여 상호간의 연관성을 비교하였다. 두 텍타이트의 주원소 조성은 서로 유사하며, 상부지각의 화학조성보다는 PAAS(Post Archean Australian Shale)의 화학조성에 더 유사하다. 거미도와 희토류원소의 분포도는 서로 간에 일치하는 특성을 보여주며, Eu의 부(−)의 이상과 더불어 경희토류가 부화되고 중희토류가 결핍되어 있는 특성 또한 PASS의 희토류원소 분포도와 유사하다. 타이산 텍타이트의 87Sr/86Sr과 143Nd/144Nd 비는 각각 0.718870±0.000008 (2σm), 0.512024±0.000012 (2σm)이고 베트남산 텍타이트의 87Sr/86Sr과 143Nd/144Nd 비는 0.717022±0.000008 (2σm). 0.511986±0.000013 (2σm)으로 타이산 텍타이트가 베트남산 텍타이트보다 더 부화된 동위원소 값을 갖고 있다. 그리고 현재까지 알려진 오스트레일리아와 동아시아에서의 텍타이트의 87Sr/86Sr과 143Nd/144Nd 비와 비교했을 때, 이 연구에서의 두 지역 텍타이트의 87Sr/86Sr비 값은 모두 기존에 알려져 있는 Australasian 텍타이트에서의 값들의 범위에 포함된다. 143Nd/144Nd 비의 경우 타이산 텍타이트는 현재 알려져있는 Australasian 텍타이트의 143Nd/144Nd비 값 범위에 들어가는 반면에, 베트남산 텍타이트의 143Nd/144Nd비 값은 현재까지 알려진 143Nd/144Nd 비보다 낮았다. 이 연구에서의 두 텍타이트의 지구화학적 특성의 유사성은 두 텍타이트가 거의 동일한 기원물질로부터 유래되었을 가능성을 지시해준다.
( Hirotsugu Sakamoto ),( Takashi Asahara ),( Osamu Chonan ),( Norikatsu Yuki ),( Hiroyuki Mutoh ),( Shunji Hayashi ),( Hironori Yamamoto ),( Kentaro Sugano ) 대한장연구학회 2015 Intestinal Research Vol.13 No.1
Background/Aims: Caudal-related homeobox 2 (Cdx2) is expressed in the human intestinal metaplastic mucosa and induces intestinal metaplastic mucosa in the Cdx2 transgenic mouse stomach. Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia commonly lead to gastric achlorhydria, which predisposes the stomach to bacterial overgrowth. In the present study, we determined the differences in gut microbiota between normal and Cdx2 transgenic mice, using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methods: Twelve normal (control) and 12 Cdx2 transgenic mice were sacrificed, and the gastric, jejunal, ileac, cecal and colonic mucosa, and feces were collected. To quantitate bacterial microbiota, we used real-time qRT-PCR with 16S rRNA gene-targeted, species-specific primers. Results: The total numbers of bacteria in the gastric, jejunal, ileac, cecal, and colonic mucosa of the Cdx2 transgenic mice were significantly higher than those of the normal mice. The Bacteroi-des fragilis group and also Prevotella were not detected in the stomach of the normal mice, although they were detected in the Cdx2 transgenic mice. Moreover, the Clostridium coccoides group, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Bacteroides fragilis group, and Prevotella were not detected in the jejunum or ileum of the normal mice, although they were detected in the Cdx2 transgenic mice. The fecal microbiota of the normal mice was similar to that of the Cdx2 transgenic mice. Conclusions: Our results showed the differences in composition of gut microbiota between normal and Cdx2 transgenic mice, which may be caused by the development of gastric achlorhydria and intestinal metaplasia in Cdx2 transgenic mice. (Intest Res 2015;13:39-49)