Experimental analysis of the impact of ionic concentration and type on shale’s stability: dilute vs. concentrated salt solutions

Alkhaldi M. M.,AL-Bazali T. M. 한국자원공학회 2023 Geosystem engineering Vol.26 No.4

Wellbore instability in shale formations is one of the most bothersome problems leading to significant changes in shale’s petrophysical, mechanical, and chemical properties, and could cost billions of dollars annually. Drilling fluid’s ionic composition is one of the factors affecting wellbore stability. This paper investigates the impact of chemical osmosis, ionic diffusion, and diffusion osmosis on the stability of shale, identify the critical salt concentration, and examine the impact of ionic type and concentration on shale’s stability. Experimental methods include utilisation of two different shale cores (I and II), in which each core is cut into several samples, to conduct linear expansion and gravimetric measurement tests using different salt solutions (KCl, NaCl, and CaCl2) of various salt concentrations. Results show that the critical salt concentrations of shale I and II is 8 w/w%. Chemical osmosis is found to be a reliable method for water extraction out of shale if the critical salt concentration value is not surpassed. Beyond this value, ionic diffusion and diffusion osmosis in shale I and II were adversely affecting shale’s stability through swelling. The swelling and gravimetric ions and water uptake tests showed that shale is a leaky semi-permeable membrane, and that chemical osmosis could be jeopardised by ionic transport into shale. In this study, the cation type (Na+, K+, Ca+2) that makes up the salt was varied. The impact of cation type on the stability of shale was clear as the anion type was fixed. Since both cations and anions tend to diffuse into shale in the presence of a concentration gradient, it is proposed for future work to study the combined impact of cation and anion types on shale’s stability by varying the anion and cation types.

Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Relation to Insulin Resistance in Young Overweight Saudi Females: An Exploratory Pilot Study

Areej Ali Alkhaldy,Nour Kamal Rizq,Sarah Adel Jaylan,Eman Ali Alkendi,Wijdan Mohammed Alghamdi,Sara Mohammed Alfaraidi 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.24 No.4

Insulin resistance is a major contributor to the development of several chronic metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is an increasing health concern in Saudi Arabia. Diet and physical activity have been postulated to affect insulin resistance; however, their effects on development of insulin resistance in young overweight Saudi females have not been explored. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate whether diet and physical inactivity increases the risk of insulin resistance in young overweight Saudi females. In a cross-sectional study, 42 overweight female Saudi students, aged between 20 and 30 years, were recruited from King Abdul-Aziz University. A questionnaire was used to collect demographics, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, and food frequency data. Blood biomarkers (lipid profile, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin) were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment 2 (HOMA2)-insulin resistance (IR) scores. A significant difference in median body mass index (BMI) was observed between the HOMA2-IR normal and HOMA2-IR raised index groups (P=0.04). In terms of dietary habits, the insulin resistant group had a higher intake of canned beverages compared with the normal group (P=0.03). No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, or body fat percentage. The lipid profile also did not significantly differ between the two groups. This study demonstrates significant differences in HOMA2-IR-defined insulin resistance according to subjects’ BMI and canned beverage intake. A larger study is needed to confirm these associations.

Enterprise Systems in the Post-Implementation Phase: An Emergent Organizational Perspective

HAMMAMI, Samir,ALKHALDI, Firas Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

Enterprise system (ES) reflects a significant IT commitment to achieve corporate goals and satisfy its thrust toward a sustainable competitive advantage. This research investigates the required ES architecture, the value of a well-planned ES, and the human factor capabilities that drive the effective implementation of ES from a management perception. This paper examined the critical factors shaping the business systems' performance, architecture readiness, experts' readiness, and enterprise systems planning. Based on an extensive literature review, the attributes of factors mentioned earlier were identified, classified and then statistically examined using the author's' proposed conceptual structural model. This study employs a quantitative research methodology, with a random sampling technique. This paper has used the data collected from 510 respondents working in service, engineering and health sectors in OMAN. The study model analysis utilized both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, followed by a structural equation modeling using SPSS 25 and EQS6.3 statistical tools. The results unveil a piece of remarkable and robust evidence suggesting that ES planning is the most significant aspect of influencing performance, followed by IT personnel, staff and consumers expertise, and architecture readiness.

Wave action on a vertical wall with a submerged horizontal plate: Analysis of phase variation of forces and probability of exceedance

AlYousif Ahmad,AlKhaldi M.S.,Al-Amer Faris,Neelamani S. 대한조선학회 2022 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.14 No.1

In this study, experiments on the wave forces and moments acting on a Vertical Wall (VW) and a VW attached to a horizontal plate (VWHP) subjected to regular and random wave fields were conducted. In the experiments, the phase lag between the horizontal and vertical wave forces was analyzed for the regular waves and the probability density was analyzed for the random waves. The experimental results showed that attaching a horizontal plate with a length equal to the water depth to a VW at a position corresponding to 28.5% of the water depth reduced the 95% non-exceedance value of the normalized horizontal wave force from 1.05 to 0.8 for a relative water depth of d/Lp ¼ 0.1, where d is the water depth and Lp is the wavelength of the peak period. For d/Lp ¼ 0.5, the corresponding reduction was from 0.6 to 0.17. The results of this study can be used to optimize the design of VW- and VWHP-type marine structures.

Geometric classification of warped product submanifolds of nearly Kaehler manifolds with a slant fiber

Ali, Akram,Lee, Jae Won,Alkhaldi, Ali H. World Scientific Publishing Company 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMETRIC METHODS IN MODE Vol.16 No.2

<P>There are two types of warped product pseudo-slant submanifolds, <TEX>$ M_{\theta } \times _{f}M_{\bot }$</TEX> and <TEX>$ M_{\bot }\times _{f}M_{\theta }$</TEX>, in a nearly Kaehler manifold. We derive an optimization for an extrinsic invariant, the squared norm of second fundamental form, on a nontrivial warped product pseudo-slant submanifold <TEX>$ M_{\bot }\times _{f}M_{\theta }$</TEX> in a nearly Kaehler manifold in terms of a warping function and a slant angle when the fiber <TEX>$ M_{\theta }$</TEX> is a slant submanifold. Moreover, the equality is verified for depending on what <TEX>$ M_{\theta }$</TEX> and <TEX>$ M_{\bot }$</TEX> are, and also we show that if the equality holds, then <TEX>$ M_{\bot }\times _{f}M_{\theta }$</TEX> is a simply Riemannian product. As applications, we prove that the warped product pseudo-slant submanifold has the finite Kinetic energy if and only if <TEX>$ M_{\bot }\times _{f}M_{\theta }$</TEX> is a totally real warped product submanifold.</P>

UNUSUAL CASE OF COR TRIATRIATUM SINISTER

Sherif Moustafa,Nauman Ejaz,Tarek Momenah,Abdulaziz AlKhaldi,Hamed Zuhairy,Abdulrahman AlMoukirish,Farouk Mookadam 한국심초음파학회 2013 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.21 No.2

A CLASS OF □-RECURRENT ALMOST COSYMPLECTIC SPACE

( Yavuz Selim Balkan ),( Siraj Uddin ),( Ali H. Alkhaldi ) 호남수학회 2018 호남수학학술지 Vol.40 No.2

In this paper, we study '-recurrent almost cosymplectic (k, μ)-space and prove that it is an □-Einstein manifold with constant coefficients. Next, we show that a three-dimensional lo-cally □-recurrent almost cosymplectic (k, μ)-space is the space of constant curvature.

A CLASS OF 𝜑-RECURRENT ALMOST COSYMPLECTIC SPACE

Balkan, Yavuz Selim,Uddin, Siraj,Alkhaldi, Ali H. The Honam Mathematical Society 2018 호남수학학술지 Vol.40 No.2

In this paper, we study ${\varphi}$-recurrent almost cosymplectic (${\kappa},{\mu}$)-space and prove that it is an ${\eta}$-Einstein manifold with constant coefficients. Next, we show that a three-dimensional locally ${\varphi}$-recurrent almost cosymplectic (${\kappa},{\mu}$)-space is the space of constant curvature.

Knowledge and Perceptions about Colorectal Cancer in Jordan

Taha, Hana,Jaghbeer, Madi Al,Shteiwi, Musa,AlKhaldi, Sireen,Berggren, Vanja Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally. In Jordan, it is the number one cancer among men and the second most common cancer among women, accounting for 15% and 9.4% respectively of all male and female diagnosed cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions about colorectal cancer risk factors, signs and symptoms in Jordan and to provide useful data about the best modes of disseminating preventive messages about the disease. Materials and Methods: A stratified clustered random sampling technique was used to recruit 300 males and 300 females aged 30 to 65 years without a previous history of CRC from four governorates in Jordan. A semi-structured questionnaire and face to face interviews were employed. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was applied to assess knowledge and perceptions about CRC. Results: Both males and females perceived their CRC risk to be low. They had low knowledge scores about CRC with no significant gender association (P=0.47). From a maximum knowledge score of 18 points, the median scores of males and females were 4 points (SD=2.346, range 0-13) and 4 points (SD=2.329, range 0-11) respectively. Better knowledge scores were associated with governorate, higher educational level, older age, higher income, having a chronic disease, having a family history of CRC, previously knowing someone who had CRC and their doctor's knowledge about their family history of CRC. Conclusions: There is a low level of knowledge about CRC and underestimation of risk among the study participants. This underlines the need for public health interventions to create awareness about the illness. It also calls for further research to assess the knowledge and perceptions about CRC early detection examinations in Jordan.

IOT Intelligent Watering Sensor For Indoor Plant

Hana, Mujlid,Haneen Daifallah, Alghamdi,Hind Abdulaziz, Alkharashi,Marah Awadh, Alkhaldi International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.12

The number of people who own indoor plants is growing today, but as a result of their busy lifestyles-such as work or travel-as well as a lack of enthusiasm in caring for their plants, their plants wither. The use of an irrigation control system with a surveillance camera can assist such folks in taking care of their plants. Such a device can assist in remotely watering plants at predetermined times and checking on the health of the plants. The proprietors would be able to live comfortably without feeling bad thanks to this change. Internet access is required for this technology in order to monitor the plants and control the watering through apps. A sensor is installed in the soil to monitor soil humidity and send data to the microcontroller for irrigation, allowing the owner to schedule irrigation as they see fit and keep an eye on their plants all day. With the use of a remote irrigation control system, the plants will grow properly and be irrigated with the proper amount of water, and the owners will be so glad and delighted to watch their plants. Knowing the time and quantity of water are vital parts of the plant growth.