Larvicidal and insecticidal effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum oil (pure and nanostructured) against mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and its possible environmental effects

Andreia Volpato,Dilmar Baretta,Talyta Zortéa,Gabriela Campigotto,Patricia Glombowsky,Roberto C.V. Santos,Priscilla M. Quatrin,Aline F. Ourique,Matheus D. Baldissera,Lenita M. Stefani,Aleksandro S. Da 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.4

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of larva and adult forms of Alphitobius diaperinus treated with cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil on its free form, nanoemulsion (NE), and nanocapsule (NC), aswell as the effect of these treatments on the edaphic fauna using springtails of Folsomia candida (ISO) as a model. The tests with larvae and adults were performed using 1, 5, and 10% of the cinnamon essential oil, and 0.5, 1, and 5% of NE and NC containing 5% of cinnamon essential oil. To validate the test, three controlswere used: only oil diluent (Triton), blank nanoemulsion (without oil) and blank nanocapsule (without oil). Cinnamon essential oil at 5 and 10% caused mortality in larva and adult forms of A. diaperinus. The NE (1%) and NC (5%) causedmortality in both phases of A. diaperinus life cycle. After these promising findings,more studieswere conducted to verify the ecotoxicological effect of the cinnamon oil. For this, a Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS) was usedwith different doses of cinnamon oil, NE and NC, using springtails of F. candida. The use of cinnamon oil, even in very low concentrations (25 mg kg−1), on its original form significantly affected springtails survival and reproduction.However, the nanostructuring process seemed to minimize this toxic effectwithout affecting its insecticidal action. In summary, the pure oil and NE containing cinnamon oil showed effect against A. diaperinus, and may be considered an alternative to control this infestation.

Composition and Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of the Essential Oil from Annona sylvatica A. St.-Hil

Anelise S.N. Formagio,Maria do Carmo Vieira,Luiz A.C. dos Santos,Clau´dia A.L. Cardoso,Mary Anny Foglio,Joao Ernesto de Carvalho,Magaiver Andrade-Silva,Caˆndida A.L. Kassuya 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.1

The essential oil from the leaves of Annona sylvatica (EOAS) was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the analysis was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified in the EOAS were sesquiterpenes, such as hinesol, z-caryophyllene, β-maaliene, γ-gurjunene, silphiperfol-5-en-3-ol, ledol, cubecol-1-epi, and muurola-3,5-diene. Oral administration of the EOAS (20 and 200 mg/kg) and subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, reference drug) significantly inhibited carrageenan- and complete Freund's adjuvant–induced mouse paw edema. The anticancer activity the EOAS showed growth inhibitory activity on all cell lines when administered in a high concentration. The EOAS inhibited the growth of human cancer cell lines with GI50 values in the range of 36.04–45.37 μg/mL on all of the cell lines tested. This work describes for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of the essential oil of A. sylvatica and its composition. Considering that drugs currently available for the treatment of inflammatory and cancer conditions show undesirable side-effects, the present results may have clinical relevance and open new possibilities for the development of novel anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs.

Antimutagenic Effect of Aqueous Extract from Agaricus brasiliensis on Culture of Human Lymphocytes

Paula H. Gameiro,Jose´ S. Nascimento,Beatriz H.G. Rocha,Clause F.B. Piana,Raquel A. Santos,Catarina S. Takahashi 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.2

The mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis (sun mushroom), native from the southeast of Brazil, is well known by its medicinal properties that include effects on diabetes, cholesterol levels, and osteoporosis. The antimutagenic effects of A. brasiliensis has been investigated recently and revealed some controversial results depending on the temperature by which the A. brasiliensis tea is obtained. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the A. brasiliensis extract prepared in two different temperatures, 4°C and 25°C, on the doxorubicin-induced DNA strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in human lymphocytes. The results demonstrated that A. brasiliensis was able to reduce the DXR-induced DNA damage in both temperatures; however, the CA test was more sensitive to demonstrate a better reduction when the cells were treated with an extract obtained at 25°C. A. brasiliensis extract obtained in different temperatures exhibited antigenotoxic and anticlastogenic effects in human lymphocytes.

— Invited Review — Chemical signalling within the rumen microbiome

Lawther Katie,Santos Fernanda Godoy,Oyama Linda B,Huws Sharon A 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.2

Ruminants possess a specialized four-compartment forestomach, consisting of the reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum. The rumen, the primary fermentative chamber, harbours a dynamic ecosystem comprising bacteria, protozoa, fungi, archaea, and bacteriophages. These microorganisms engage in diverse ecological interactions within the rumen microbiome, primarily benefiting the host animal by deriving energy from plant material breakdown. These interactions encompass symbiosis, such as mutualism and commensalism, as well as parasitism, predation, and competition. These ecological interactions are dependent on many factors, including the production of diverse molecules, such as those involved in quorum sensing (QS). QS is a density-dependent signalling mechanism involving the release of autoinducer (AIs) compounds, when cell density increases AIs bind to receptors causing the altered expression of certain genes. These AIs are classified as mainly being <i>N</i>-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL; commonly used by Gram-negative bacteria) or autoinducer-2 based systems (AI-2; used by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria); although other less common AI systems exist. Most of our understanding of QS at a gene-level comes from pure culture <i>in vitro</i> studies using bacterial pathogens, with much being unknown on a commensal bacterial and ecosystem level, especially in the context of the rumen microbiome. A small number of studies have explored QS in the rumen using 'omic' technologies, revealing a prevalence of AI-2 QS systems among rumen bacteria. Nevertheless, the implications of these signalling systems on gene regulation, rumen ecology, and ruminant characteristics are largely uncharted territory. Metatranscriptome data tracking the colonization of perennial ryegrass by rumen microbes suggest that these chemicals may influence transitions in bacterial diversity during colonization. The likelihood of undiscovered chemicals within the rumen microbial arsenal is high, with the identified chemicals representing only the tip of the iceberg. A comprehensive grasp of rumen microbial chemical signalling is crucial for addressing the challenges of food security and climate targets. Ruminants possess a specialized four-compartment forestomach, consisting of the reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum. The rumen, the primary fermentative chamber, harbours a dynamic ecosystem comprising bacteria, protozoa, fungi, archaea, and bacteriophages. These microorganisms engage in diverse ecological interactions within the rumen microbiome, primarily benefiting the host animal by deriving energy from plant material breakdown. These interactions encompass symbiosis, such as mutualism and commensalism, as well as parasitism, predation, and competition. These ecological interactions are dependent on many factors, including the production of diverse molecules, such as those involved in quorum sensing (QS). QS is a density-dependent signalling mechanism involving the release of autoinducer (AIs) compounds, when cell density increases AIs bind to receptors causing the altered expression of certain genes. These AIs are classified as mainly being N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHL; commonly used by Gram-negative bacteria) or autoinducer-2 based systems (AI-2; used by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria); although other less common AI systems exist. Most of our understanding of QS at a gene-level comes from pure culture in vitro studies using bacterial pathogens, with much being unknown on a commensal bacterial and ecosystem level, especially in the context of the rumen microbiome. A small number of studies have explored QS in the rumen using 'omic' technologies, revealing a prevalence of AI-2 QS systems among rumen bacteria. Nevertheless, the implications of these signalling systems on gene regulation, rumen ecology, and ruminant characteristics are largely uncharted territory. Metatranscriptome data tracking the colonization of perennial ryegrass by rumen microbes suggest that these chemicals may influence transitions in bacterial diversity during colonization. The likelihood of undiscovered chemicals within the rumen microbial arsenal is high, with the identified chemicals representing only the tip of the iceberg. A comprehensive grasp of rumen microbial chemical signalling is crucial for addressing the challenges of food security and climate targets.

Dye-Perfused Human Placenta for Simulation in a Microsurgery Laboratory for Plastic Surgeons

Zambrano-Jerez Laura C.,Díaz-Santamaría Karen D.,Rodríguez-Santos María A.,Alarcón-Ariza Diego F.,Meléndez-Flórez Genny L.,Ramírez-Blanco Mónica A. 대한성형외과학회 2023 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.50 No.6

In recent decades, a number of simulation models for microsurgical training have been published. The human placenta has received extensive validation in microneurosurgery and is a useful instrument to facilitate learning in microvascular repair techniques as an alternative to using live animals. This study uses a straightforward, step-by-step procedure for instructing the creation of simulators with dynamic flow to characterize the placental vascular tree and assess its relevance for plastic surgery departments. Measurements of the placental vasculature and morphological characterization of 18 placentas were made. After the model was used in a basic microsurgery training laboratory session, a survey was given to nine plastic surgery residents, two microsurgeons, and one hand surgeon. In all divisions, venous diameters were larger than arterial diameters, with minimum diameters of 0.8 and 0.6 mm, respectively. The majority of the participants considered that the model faithfully reproduces a real microsurgical scenario; the consistency of the vessels and their dissection are similar in in vivo tissue. Furthermore, all the participants considered that this model could improve their surgical technique and would propose it for microsurgical training. As some of the model's disadvantages, an abundantly thick adventitia, a thin tunica media, and higher adherence to the underlying tissue were identified. The color-perfused placenta is an excellent tool for microsurgical training in plastic surgery. It can faithfully reproduce a microsurgical scenario, offering an abundance of vasculature with varying sizes similar to tissue in vivo, enhancing technical proficiency, and lowering patient error.

CCM key comparison CCM.D-K4 'Hydrometer'

Lorefice, S,Becerra, L O,Lenard, E,Lee, Y J,Lee, W G,Madec, T,Meury, P A,Caceres, J,Santos, C,Vamossy, C,Man, J,Fen, K,Toda, K,Wright, J,Bettin, H,Toth, H BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2016 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.53 No.-

<P></P> <P>This report presents the comparison philosophy, methodology, analysis and the results of the designed CCM.D-K4 key comparison that covered the calibration of high resolution hydrometers for liquid and alcoholometers in the density range 600 kg/m<SUP>3</SUP> to 2000 kg/m<SUP>3</SUP> at the temperature of 20°C. The main purpose of this comparison was not only to evaluate the degree of equivalence in the calibration of high accuracy hydrometers between NMI participants, but also to link, were it is possible, the results of previous comparisons to Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs) of CCM.D-K4. Eleven NMI laboratories took part in the CCM.D-K4 divided in two groups (petals).</P> <P>With the CCM.D-K4 purpose, two similar sets consisting of three hydrometers for liquid density determinations and an alcoholometer were circulated to the NMI participants as a travelling standard in the time interval from January 2011 to April 2012.</P> <P>Twelve Key Comparison Reference Values (KCRVs) for each petal have been obtained at the density values related to the tested density marks of the transfer standards by the results of participants. The KCRVs and corresponding uncertainties were calculated by the weighted mean in the case of consistent results, otherwise the median was used.</P> <P>The degree of equivalence (DoE) with respect to the corresponding KCRV was determined for each participant and, in this particular comparison, the Weighted Least Squares (WLS) method was used to link the individual DoE of each participant by a continuous function.</P> <P>Significant drift of the transfer standards was not detected.</P> <P>This report also gives instructions on calculating pair-wise degrees of equivalence, with the addition of any information on correlations that may be necessary to estimate more accurately as well as the procedure for linking international comparisons to the CCM.D-K4. Finally an example of linkage to the CCM.D-K4 is given by dealing with the results of the bilateral comparison between INRiM and NMIA, which was added to this comparison so that all participants were engaged after the breakage of the 9340171 artefact.</P> <P>A particularly good agreement was found among the results provided by most of the participants, even if some systematic differences and either underestimated or overestimated uncertainties of the submitted results can be identified with respect to the KCRVs. In general the deviations of the laboratory results to the KCRVs are within of 1/3rd to 1/4th of a scale division and the uncertainty at 95% is usually within half a division. During the analysis of the submitted results, a systematic difference between the first and last immersed mark was also noted, possibly due to a temperature gradient along the stem and/or wetting of the stem around the tested mark, and therefore a corrected claimed uncertainty from each laboratory is expected. However this comparison may help the laboratories to solve some residual or marginal problems as well as to better understand the uncertainty components.</P> <P>The comparison fully supports the calibration measurement capabilities table in the BIPM key comparison database (KCDB). The results can be used to link regional comparisons to this CCM key comparison</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/M/D-K4/CCM.D-K4_Final_Report.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

A Systematic Review of Data Exchange Formats in Advanced Interaction Environments

Celso A. S. Santos,Estêvão B. Saleme,Juliana C. S. de Andrade 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.5

The advent of advanced user interface devices has raised the interest of industry and academia in finding new modes of Human-Computer Interaction. Advanced interfaces employ gesture recognition, as well as motion and voice capturing to enable humans to interact naturally with interactive environments without utilizing any of the traditional devices like mice, joysticks or keyboards. Many approaches have been developed using a large variety of sensors to capture human interaction information and then provide further processing and recognition of the acquired information. However, the majority of these approaches usually focus on the actual implementation of the various stages that comprise an advanced interaction environment. Thus, the need for defining common data formats for improving integration and reutilization of these solutions are typically not addressed. On the other hand, this study aims at surveying existing research on integrating devices into interactive environments, at different interoperability levels and in data formats, identifying techniques and patterns of conveying information from the real world to the virtual world, in order to synthesize results, organize applicable documents by similarities and identify future research needs.

Nitrogen Metabolism in Lactating Goats Fed with Diets Containing Different Protein Sources

Santos, A.B.,Pereira, M.L.A.,Silva, H.G.O.,Pedreira, M.S.,Carvalho, G.G.P.,Ribeiro, L.S.O.,Almeida, P.J.P.,Pereira, T.C.J.,Moreira, J.V. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.5

This study aimed to evaluate urea excretion, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis in lactating goats fed with diets containing different protein sources in the concentrate (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, aerial part of cassava hay and leucaena hay). Four Alpine goats whose mean body weight was $42.6{\pm}6.1kg$ at the beginning of the experiment, a mean lactation period of $94.0{\pm}9.0days$ and a production of $1.7{\pm}0.4kg$ of milk were distributed in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square with four periods of 15 days. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 103.0 g/kg of CP, 400 g/kg of Tifton 85 hay and 600 g/kg of concentrate. Diet containing cottonseed meal provided (p<0.05) increased excretion of urea and urea nitrogen in the urine (g/d and mg/kg of BW) when compared with leucaena hay. The diets affected the concentrations of urea nitrogen in plasma (p<0.05) and excretion of urea nitrogen in milk, being that soybean meal and cottonseed meal showed (p<0.05) higher than the average aerial part of the cassava hay. The use of diets with cottonseed meal as protein source in the concentrate in feeding of lactating goats provides greater nitrogen excretion in urine and negative nitrogen balance, while the concentrate with leucaena hay as a source of protein, provides greater ruminal microbial protein synthesis.

Estimating Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Diets Containing Leucaena leucocephala or Moringa oleifera Leaf Meals for Growing Rabbits by Two Methods

A.M. Safwat,L. Sarmiento-Franco,R.H. Santos-Ricalde,D. Nieves,C.A. Sandoval-Castro 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8

This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing rabbits fed diets with different levels of either Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM) leaf meals and also to compare total collection and TiO2 marker methods for estimating digestibility. A total of 30 California growing rabbits (1.81±0.19 kg live weight on average) were randomly distributed into five experimental groups of six rabbits each and were housed in individual cages. The groups were control, 30% LLM, 40% LLM, 30% MOLM, and 40% MOLM. All groups received pelleted diets for two weeks; diets also contained 4 g/kg titanium dioxide as dietary marker. Daily feed intake was recorded during the whole experimental period and total feces were collected daily and weighed individually during four days. The results showed that there were no difference (p>0.05) in feed, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), digestible energy, and crude fiber (CF) intake between the control group and the other experimental groups. The apparent digestibility values of DM, OM, CP, CF, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy were the highest for control group (p = 0.001), meanwhile MOLM diets had generally higher nutrient digestibility coefficients than LLM diets. Increasing the inclusion level of leaf meal in the diet from 30% to 40% improved the digestibility of CF from 45.02% to 51.69% for LLM and from 48.11% to 55.89% for MOLM. Similar results for apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were obtained when either total collection or indigestible marker method was used. In conclusion, the digestibility of MOLM containing diets were better than LLM diets, furthermore TiO2 as an external marker could be used as a simple, practical and reliable method to estimate nutrients digestibility in rabbit diets.

Analysis of bacterial FAMEs using gas chromatography – vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy for the identification and discrimination of bacteria

Santos, Inê,s C.,Smuts, Jonathan,Choi, Woo-Sik,Kim, Younghoon,Kim, Seoung Bum,Schug, Kevin A. Elsevier 2018 Talanta Vol.182 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The identification of microorganisms is very important in different fields and alternative methods are necessary for a rapid and simple identification. The use of fatty acids for bacterial identification is gaining attention as phenotypic characteristics are reflective of the genotype and are more easily analyzed. In this work, gas chromatography-vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC-VUV) was used to determine bacteria fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), to identify and discriminate different environmental bacteria based on their fatty acid profile. Microorganisms were grown in agar and their fatty acids extracted, saponified, and esterified before analysis. Unique FAME profiles were obtained for each microorganism mainly composed of branched, cyclopropane, hydroxy, saturated, and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. <I>S. maltophilia</I> showed a higher diversity of fatty acids while <I>Bacillus</I> species showed higher complexity in terms of branched-chain FAMEs, with several <I>iso</I> and <I>anteiso</I> forms. 12 different bacteria genera and 15 species were successfully differentiated based on their fatty acid profiles after performing PCA and cluster analysis. Some difficult to differentiate species, such as <I>Bacillus</I> sp., which are genetically very similar, were differentiated with the developed method.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> GC-VUV of FAMEs can effectively differentiate a wide range of environmental bacteria. </LI> <LI> A fast method for FAMEs is featured; chromatographic resolution can be sacrificed for spectral resolution. </LI> <LI> Multivariate statistical methods indicate high classification accuracy. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>