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적녹연정(1998-2005)의 이민정책 - 이민법 제정을 둘러싼 정당간의 논쟁을 중심으로
한국독일사학회 2008 독일연구 Vol.- No.15
<P>This study describes the alien and immigration policy of Germany"s Red-Green Alliance(1998-2005) with a critical viewpoint by analyzing related legislation processes and debates among German political parties. In particular, Gr?eand SPD"s positions on immigration issues and policy intentions are reviewed and compared with those of other parties, and social implications of the immigration law that Red-Green Alliance formulated and enacted are analyzed.</P><P> In the 1990s, Germany"s immigration policy maintained a political rhetoric of not allowing immigration legally and officially. In reality, however, a paradoxical phenomenon happened and various forms of immigration took place. German political parties had difficulty in solving immigration issues rationally and realistically because they used alien issues as political tools to maintain or recover political power.</P><P> The immigration policy shown in “Immigration Law”, which was enacted in 2004, focused on social integration for aliens. Yet it failed to bring a transition of paradigm in the field of labor immigration that could increase new immigrants. Germany"s immigration policy allows the influx of alien labor power within limited categories of labor market policy, but it puts policy priority on encouraging aliens to stay in Germany for a short period of time and return to their countries rather than giving them citizenship and allowing them to stay for a long period of time.</P><P> The German government"s social integration policy did not recognize the cultural difference of aliens. It regarded integration as aliens" adjusting to the German culture and value standards. The German government promotes an integration principle of “support and demand” and implements a double strategy of “selecting” or “excluding” aliens.</P>
적녹연정(1998-2005)의 이민정책: 이민법 제정을 둘러싼 정당간의 논쟁을 중심으로
이철용 한국독일사학회 2008 독일연구 Vol.- No.15
This study describes the alien and immigration policy of Germany's Red-Green Alliance(1998-2005) with a critical viewpoint by analyzing related legislation processes and debates among German political parties. In particular, Grüne and SPD's positions on immigration issues and policy intentions are reviewed and compared with those of other parties, and social implications of the immigration law that Red-Green Alliance formulated and enacted are analyzed. In the 1990s, Germany's immigration policy maintained a political rhetoric of not allowing immigration legally and officially. In reality, however, a paradoxical phenomenon happened and various forms of immigration took place. German political parties had difficulty in solving immigration issues rationally and realistically because they used alien issues as political tools to maintain or recover political power. The immigration policy shown in “Immigration Law”, which was enacted in 2004, focused on social integration for aliens. Yet it failed to bring a transition of paradigm in the field of labor immigration that could increase new immigrants. Germany's immigration policy allows the influx of alien labor power within limited categories of labor market policy, but it puts policy priority on encouraging aliens to stay in Germany for a short period of time and return to their countries rather than giving them citizenship and allowing them to stay for a long period of time. The German government's social integration policy did not recognize the cultural difference of aliens. It regarded integration as aliens' adjusting to the German culture and value standards. The German government promotes an integration principle of “support and demand” and implements a double strategy of “selecting” or “excluding” aliens.
한강과 경기만 지역 GIS 기반 통합수질모의 시스템 개발
이철용,김계현,Lee, Chol-Young,Kim, Kye-Hyun 한국공간정보학회 2008 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지 Vol.10 No.4
서해 연안 일대의 급격한 도시화, 한강에 대한 수질오염총량관리제도의 도입 가능성, 충남 태안에서 있었던 유조선 기름 유출 사건 등에 기인하여 서해 연안에 대한 수질 관리의 요구가 증대되고 있는 상황이다. 그러나 이를 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는 수질관리 시스템은 부재한 실정이다. 따라서 이런 배경에서 한강과 경기만 일대 지역의 수질 환경을 감시하고 관리할 수 있는 GIS 기반의 효율적인 통합수질관리 시스템의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이 연구는 한강 유역과 한강 하구의 연안 해역인 경기만 일대의 통합적인 관리와 관리방안 마련을 지원하기 위한 시스템을 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 관련된 위치 및 수질 속성자료를 GIS기반으로 통합하여 하나의 시스템으로 구현하였다. GIS 데이터베이스는 발생 및 배출 오염부하량 산정을 위해 수질오염총량관리제도 기술지침의 따라 설계되었으며, 수질모의를 위한 초기입력 자료도 포함하고 있다. 수질 예측과 최적관리방안을 제안하기 위해 각기 다른 모델을 각 구역에 적용하였는데, 한강에는 WASP7 모델을 적용하였고, 한강 하구의 경기만 일대에는 EFDC 모델을 적용하였다. WASP7 모델에 의한 한강 하구에서의 BOD, T-N, T-P 등 수질모의 결과는 다시 EFDC 모델의 초기자료로 이용되었다. 연구 결과를 통해 수질에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 수질오염원 집중지역을 확인할 수 있었고, 오염물질이 하천으로 유입되는 위치 및 계절적 요인이 수질에 미치는 영향도 확인할 수 있었다. 더불어 하천과 연안 해역의 수질 관계도 정량적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 연구 결과는 GIS기반의 통합수질모의 시스템이 수질 현황의 예측과 경제적인 수질 관리방안의 제시에 있어 이용 가능함을 보여주었다. 향후 연구에서는 경제성 평가 등과 같은 조금 더 세분화된 선택 기능의 구현을 통한 시스템 성능의 개선이 필요하다. 또한 시스템을 이용한 구체적인 수질관리방법론의 개발도 필요하다. There has been growing demands to manage the water quality of west coastal region due to the large scale urbanization along the coastal zone, the possibility of application of TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Loadings) to Han river, and the natural disaster such as oil spill incident in Taean, Chungnam. However, no system has been developed for such purposes. In this background, the demand of GIS based effective water quality management has been increased to monitor water quality environment and propose best management alternatives for Han river and Kyeonggi bay. This study mainly focused on the development of integrated water quality management system for Han river bas in and its estuary are a connected to Kyeonggi bay to support integrated water quality management and its plan. Integration was made based on GIS by spatial linking between water quality attributes and location information. A GIS DB was built to estimate the amount of generated and discharged water pollutants according to TMDL technical guide and it included input data to use two different water quality models--W ASP7 for Han river and EFDC for coastal area--to forecast water quality and to suggest BMP(Best management Practices). The results of BOD, TN, and TP from WASP7 were used as the input to run EFDC. Based on the study results, some critical areas which have relatively higher pollutant loadings were identified, and it was also identified that the locations discharging water pollutant loadings to river and seasonal factor affected water quality. And the relationship of water quality between river and its estuary area was quantitatively verified. The results showed that GIS based integrated system could be used as a tool for estimating status-quo of water quality and proposing economically effective BMPs to mitigate water pollution. Further studies need to be made for improving system's capabilities such as adding decision making function as well as cost-benefit analysis, etc. Also, the concrete methodology for water quality management using the system need to be developed.
독일의 로마조약 협상 전략과 '1956년 위기'의 성격
이철용 한국서양사연구회 2008 서양사연구 Vol.0 No.38
Germany's early political decisions regarding matters of European integration, including Negotiation on Treaty of Rome, was made under the frame of the Cold War. Germany's safety from the threat of the Soviet Union was ensured by temporarily giving up the unification of the two countries, and by forming ties with the western world, which were realized through European integration. Germany's European integration policy was the best means for ensuring national security, and a series of European integration plans was established. Thus, although Germany might have had issues with the process and details of European integration, whether or not to participate in it was an easy choice to make. To Germany, European integration policy was directly related to national security policy. Because the fate of Germany, without means to defend itself, depended solely on the U.S' s protection, Radford-Plan's announcement in July of 1956 provided the decisive opportunity for the German government to start to actively participate in European integration. This point of time needs to be considered as the real starting point that led to the success of Treaty of Rome, and at the same time starting 'the 1956 Crisis'. In order to offset problems of its weak national security, Germany preferred political military unification of Europe, and used its economic strength as a powerful weapon in negotiations. K. Adenauer and L. Erhard had heated disputes over ways of handling European integration, but they were of the same opinion of the plan of embracing Britain. More than anything, K. Adenauer didn't place priority on methods of economical integration of Europe, such as European Common Market Project or European Free Trade Zone Project. The main issue for Britain was whether or not to participate in European integration, and the likelihood of practical success of the plan. The connection of West European Union(WEU), a political military organization led by Britain, and European Free Trade Zone Project was the ideal alternative plan to European integration to Germany. To Germany, Brussels Plan and the plan of Britain was not exclusive, in the sense of choosing one of the other, although they may have been a priority. Suez crisis made Germany take Brussels Plan first.