北韓 敎科書의 社會科的 內容 考察 : 初.中等 人文.自然系 敎科書를 중심으로

黃惠淑 한국사회과교육연구회 1993 사회과교육 Vol.- No.26

Antiallodynic Effects of Electroacupuncture Combined with MK-801 Treatment through the Regulation of p35/p25 in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

황혜숙,양은진,이상민,이순철,최선미 한국뇌신경과학회 2011 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.20 No.3

The anti-allodynic effect of NMDA receptor antagonist and acupuncture treatments were explored through spinal p35 regulation of diabetic neuropathic rat. We evaluated the change over time of p35/p25 protein levels in the spinal cord compared with behavioral responses to thermal and mechanical stimulation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, we studied p35 expression when electroacupuncture (EA) and a sub-effective dose of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist (MK-801) were used to treat hyperalgesia in the diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Thermal paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were significantly decreased in the early stage of diabetes in rats. p35 expression after STZ injection gradually decreased from 1 week to 4 weeks compared to normal controls. p25 expression in 4-week diabetic rats was significantly higher than that of 2-week diabetic rats, and thermal PWL in 4-week diabetic rats showed delayed responses to painful thermal stimulation compared with those at 2 weeks. EA applied to the SP-9 point (2 Hz frequency) significantly prevented the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in the DNP rat. Additionally, EA combined with MK-801 prolonged anti-hyperalgesia, increased p35 expression, and decreased the cleavage of p35 to p25 during diabetic neuropathic pain. In this study we show EA combined with a sub-effective dose of MK-801 treatment in DNP induced by STZ that is related to p35/p25 expression in spinal cord.

Electrochemical Corrosion of STS304 Acupuncture Needles by Electrical Stimulation

황혜숙,Myeong Soo Lee,Yeon Hee Ryu,Eun Jin Yang,Sun-Mi Choi 사단법인약침학회 2010 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.3 No.2

We present the first investigation of electrical corrosion in acupuncture needles after electrical stimulation. Using scanning electron microscopy, we observed the occurrence of electrochemical corrosion on the surface of stainless steel 304 acupuncture needles after electrical stimulation in the tibial muscles of rats. Biphasic pulse electrical stimuli with 10-Hz frequency, 1-mA intensity and 1-ms pulse width were applied to the needles. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method labels fragmented DNA. Positive staining using this test indicates apoptotic cells in electrically stimulated tissues. The risk of electrical corrosion was found to be less in bipolar, short-duration, lowcurrent or voltage and short-period stimulation than in monopolar, long-duration,high-current or voltage and long-period stimulation. Evaluation with a scanning electron microscope revealed that electrical stimulation can increase the electrical corrosion of stainless steel 304 acupuncture needles. In biocompatibility studies of stainless steel 304 acupuncture needles for electrical stimulation, TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the tibial muscle within 5 days after electrical stimulation. The results of this study demonstrate that the corrosion products of stainless steel 304 acupuncture needles might affect the post-electrical stimulation tissue response.

소프트웨어 중심으로 구성한 인공위성의 전기적 기능진단 측정장치 시스템의 구현

황혜숙,김용훈 한국항공우주학회 1997 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Investigations on Microcrystalline Silicon Films for Solar Cell Application

황혜숙,Min Gyu Park,Hyun Ruh,Hyunung Yu 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.10

Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) thin film for solar cells is prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and physical properties of the μc-Si:H p-layer has been investigated. With respect to stable efficiency,this film is expected to surpass the performance of conventional amorphous silicon based solar cells and very soon be a close competitor to other thin film photovoltaic materials. Silicon in various structural forms has a direct effect on the efficiency of solar cell devices with different electron mobility and photon conversion. A Raman microscope is adopted to study the degree of crystallinity of Si film by analyzing the integrated intensity peaks at 480, 510 and 520 cm‒1, which corresponds to the amorphous phase (a-Si:H), microcrystalline (μc-Si:H) and large crystals (c-Si),respectively. The crystal volume fraction is calculated from the ratio of the crystalline and the amorphous phase. The results are compared with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) for the determination of crystallinity factor. Optical properties such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, and band gap are studied with reflectance spectra.

YWCA 환경사랑실천단 견학을 다녀와서

황혜숙 한국발포스티렌재활용협회 2008 환경사랑 Vol.52 No.-

日本의 初期社會科理念 硏究

황혜숙 한국사회교과교육학회 1997 사회과교육연구 Vol.4 No.-

사회과 사고력 신장 목표와 교과서

황혜숙 한국사회교과교육학회 1995 사회과교육연구 Vol.2 No.-

STS304 스테인리스 강선 호침에서 전침 자극 후 침체에 나타나는 전기적 부식 연구

황혜숙,구성태,류연희,정상용,김유성,이지은,한경주,최선미 대한침구의학회 2007 대한침구의학회지 Vol.24 No.5

Objectives : The electroacupuncture(EA) was often used in Oriental medicine clinic and basic researches. However, there have been neither any national standard of acupuncture needles in Korea nor many stu- dies about the property of acupuncture needles for applying electrical stimulations. Therefore we investigated the electrical corrosion property of acupuncture needles used for EA stimulation in clinic. Methods : We observed the occurrence of electrical corrosion-like changes in the surface of acupunc- ture needles after EA stimulation with various parameters(electrical stimulation intensity, treatment duration, diameter of needle) under a light microscope. We performed EA stimulation on Baekhoe(GV20) or Joksamli (ST36) of rats with intensity of 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5mA at a 10Hz frequency. Results : The electrical corrosion-like changes were found on the surface of needles when the EA stimulation was given over 0.05mA of intensity. When electrical stimulation was treated for 10min, the electrical corrosion-like changes were low, but the electrical corrosion-like changes gradually increased by the treatment duration(20, 30min). We also found that acupuncture needles of 0.2mm diameter were produced more extensive electrical corrosion-like changes than acupuncture needles of 0.3 or 0.4mm diameter by electrical stimulation. Conclusions : These results suggested that EA stimulation could produce electrical corrosion-like chan- ges of acupuncture needles through intensity of current, duration of electric stimulation and/or diameter of needle. Objectives : The electroacupuncture(EA) was often used in Oriental medicine clinic and basic researches. However, there have been neither any national standard of acupuncture needles in Korea nor many stu- dies about the property of acupuncture needles for applying electrical stimulations. Therefore we investigated the electrical corrosion property of acupuncture needles used for EA stimulation in clinic. Methods : We observed the occurrence of electrical corrosion-like changes in the surface of acupunc- ture needles after EA stimulation with various parameters(electrical stimulation intensity, treatment duration, diameter of needle) under a light microscope. We performed EA stimulation on Baekhoe(GV20) or Joksamli (ST36) of rats with intensity of 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5mA at a 10Hz frequency. Results : The electrical corrosion-like changes were found on the surface of needles when the EA stimulation was given over 0.05mA of intensity. When electrical stimulation was treated for 10min, the electrical corrosion-like changes were low, but the electrical corrosion-like changes gradually increased by the treatment duration(20, 30min). We also found that acupuncture needles of 0.2mm diameter were produced more extensive electrical corrosion-like changes than acupuncture needles of 0.3 or 0.4mm diameter by electrical stimulation. Conclusions : These results suggested that EA stimulation could produce electrical corrosion-like chan- ges of acupuncture needles through intensity of current, duration of electric stimulation and/or diameter of needle.

한국 역사교육의 변천 : 「역사교육」誌 심포지엄을 중심으로 A study based on the symposiums reported in the journal Teaching of History

황혜숙 韓國社會科敎育硏究會 2001 社會科敎育學硏究 Vol.- No.5

본고는 사회과 제1차에서 제5차 교육과정 개정까지(1945~1994)의 『歷史敎育』誌에 게재된 심포지엄(symposium)을 중심으로 역사교육의 변천을 제3기로 나누어 밝혀보고자 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이 3기 동안 역사교육은 정권의 변천과 밀접한 관련을 맺으면서 변천되어 왔다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 사회과가 도입된 이후의 한국의 역사교육은 대체로 교육적이고 역사학적인 자주성에 근거했다고 하기보다는 정치적 타의에 의한 연구가 많았다. 따라서 역사교육의 이념과 개념, 학습법에 대한 기획적인 연구는 소홀히 된 반면, 사회과 교육 정책 중심의 주제가 주종을 이루고 있다. 세계화에 따른 역사교육 본연의 연구 설계가 시급한 과제이다. The teaching of history in Korea, with its close relationship to the renewals of the curriculum, has undergone changes a total of seven times. Renewals of the curriculum have influenced the course of study of all the subjects, and have also heavily changed the nation's teaching of history, The purpose of this article is largely to clarify how the nation's teaching of history has changed with the renewals of the curriculum for half a century, after the introduction of social studies. At the beginning of this study, the subject of this study is based oh the symposiums reported in the journal Teaching of History issued by "Teaching of History Seminar". The reason why the symposiums in this scientific journal have become the subject of this study is because the journal Teaching of History is the only known magazine to address the teaching of history in Korea. The content of symposiums reported in the magazine identifies current problems of teaching of history in a timely and appropriate fashion, and therefore is regarded as being the most suitable subject to grasp problems on teaching of history both objectively and generally, The scope of this study is from the introduction of social studies to the 5th edition of the curriculum (1945∼1994). The reason is that the curriculum in Korea is renewed together with each change of its government, thus, it seems important to examine the teaching of social studies and that of history in relation to such changes of modern government. From this point of view, Korea's teaching of history during the despotic government and the junta(1945∼1994) should be examined in connection with the teaching of social studies. The teaching of history during the democratic government period after the 6th edition of the curriculum is left to the next opportunity. Changes in teaching of history in Korea can be broadly classified in three terms. The first term is the period when history is taught under social studies. This covers the period from when public authorities prepared a syllabus to the second edition of the curriculum. The teaching of history in this period, from the viewpoint of the. curriculum, could not be accepted as an individual subject, and was taught as a part of social studies. Although geography, history and civics were officially intended to be integration of social studies, in reality these subjects were increasingly being divided. The teaching of social studies in this period was still in the undeveloped stage and symposiums were held no more than two times. The second term was the period when national history was independent of social studies and teaching of national history was strongly emphasized. In this period, the teaching of history made remarkable progress, symposiums were held nine times, in regards to this period, it can be said that the government's explicit educational policy of "Education with Nationality" strongly emphasized and influenced the teaching of history. The third term was the period when the teaching of history was attempted to be practical together with the public mentality for social studies' integration. In this period, the content of teaching of history varied and was largely reflected in this structure. However symposiums were held only two to five times. This clearly indicates that the teaching of history had been done closely related to the course of government. In conclusion, it can be said that Korea's teaching of history after the introduction of social studies underwent changes caused by the influence of the government, as it is understood through frequency of the symposiums in each term. It did not gather its basis from educational and academic independence.