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한국 최초의 지질학 논문, 「Geologische Skizze von Korea」: 역사적 고찰
최덕근,홍발,이승배 대한지질학회 2024 지질학회지 Vol.60 No.2
한반도 지질을 다룬 최초의 논문은 독일 지질학자 곳체(Gottsche)가 1886년에 발표한 「Geologische Skizze von Korea」다. 이 논문은 19세기 후반 곳체가 조선을 방문하게 된 역사적 배경과 그의 조사활동 그리고 「Geologische Skizze von Korea」의 내용을 살펴봄으로써 한국 지질학의 출발점을 과학사적 관점에서 들여다보았다. 19세기 후반의 조선은 유교에 바탕을 둔 전통사회의해체, 동·서양 열강들의 침략, 외국과의 통상조약 체결과 개항 그리고 이에 따른 위정척사세력과 개화세력이 갈등을 겪었던 격동의시대였다. 그 무렵, 외국과의 수교통상과 개화를 도와줄 서양인 고문이 필요했던 조선은 1882년 독일인 묄렌도르프(Möllendorff) 를 초빙하여 외교와 경제정책 시행에 중요한 역할을 맡겼다. 조선의 경제발전에 광산개발이 중요하다고 여겼던 묄렌도르프는 당시 일본 도쿄대학 교수로 재직 중이었던 곳체에게 한반도의 지질조사를 의뢰했다. 곳체는 1884년 약 5개월 동안 한반도의 암석을종류와 지질시대에 따라 구분하는 기초조사를 수행하여, 그 내용을 「Geologische Skizze von Korea」에 담아냈다. 짧은 기간의 조사로 인하여 암석을 충분히 이해하지 못했기 때문에 논문의 내용 중에 틀린 곳이 있기는 하지만, 한반도의 지질계통과 지질도를 제시한 최초의 논문이라는 점에서 그 중요성을 찾을 수 있다. The first paper dealing with the geology of the Korean Peninsula is 「Geologische Skizze von Korea」 written by a German geologist, Carl Christian Gottsche, in 1886. This article delves into the historical background of Gottsche's visit to Korea, his activities in Korea, and evaluation on 「Geologische Skizze von Korea」. During the latter half of 19th Century, the Joseon Dynasty experienced an era of transformation owing to the dissolution of Confucianism-based traditional society, invasions of oriental and occidental powers, and inevitable conflict between conservative and progressive groups. The Joseon Dynasty attempted to improve diplomatic relations and trades with foreign countries and accordingly invited a foreign advisor, Paul Möllendorff, who played a crucial role in the field of foreign affairs and economic development of the Joseon Dynasty during his tenure. Möllendorff realized the importance of mining exploration for economic development and subsequently invited Prof. Gottsche of the University of Tokyo for geological survey of the Korean Peninsula. In 1884, Gottsche investigated the Korean Peninsula for five months and published the paper, 「Geologische Skizze von Korea」. Gottsche was not able to understand clearly the nature and geologic ages of rocks of the Korean Peninsula, apparently due to the short period of survey. Nonetheless the paper can be treated to be of great significance in generating for the first time the geologic system and geologic map of the Korean Peninsula
윤운상,이동찬,홍발,이승배,홍종선,이정구 한국지질과학협의회 2022 Geosciences Journal Vol.26 No.3
Redlichia nobilis Walcott, 1905 occurs in the Gurangri Formation of the Mungyeong Group, a lithostratigraphic unit of the Cambrian–Ordovician Joseon Supergroup in the Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea. The R. nobilis Zone of the formation is correlated with the Lungwangmiaoan Stage and the middle part of the Duyunian Stage of North and South China regional chronostratigraphic scheme, respectively. It corresponds to middle Stage 4 of Cambrian Series 2 in international chronostratigraphic chart. R. nobilis, which is regarded as the oldest trilobite in South Korea, is estimated to be 512 to 510.4 million years old. The specimens of R. nobilis are preserved on the bedding plane as deformed due to structural movement occurred in the Mungyeong area. It is observed in the outcrop that the cleavage plane intersects the bedding plane almost at right angle, forming intersection lineation parallel to fold axis. The cleavage plane can be generally defined as the XY plane and the lineation as the Y axis of strain ellipse on the bedding plane, and thus, the bedding plane corresponds to the YZ plane. The strain analysis using Mohr circle was performed to estimate strain ratio of the deformed specimens. Strain ratio (R) of the deformed specimens calculated ranges from 2.18 to 2.20, with the average of 2.19. The value is considered strongly reliable because the strain ratio of a combined strain marker consisting of a deformed specimen and elliptical structure (probably concretion) around the specimen is 2.18, nearly identical to the R values of other deformed specimens. Morphologic restoration of shape and size was conducted under no longitudinal strain along Y axis because structures indicative of stretching or shortening along the lineation are not observed in the outcrop and those indicative of shortening along the Z axis and thickening along the X axis are observed in thin section. The deformed specimens were restored into an undeformed state using a digital graphic software by only applying the R value perpendicular to the lineation for each specimen. R. nobilis, based on its restored morphology, is characterized by having anteriorly diagonal preocular sutures that are about 120% more apart than palpebral sutures, a hypostome that is fused with rostral plate and has two pairs of short spines (one pair along the lateral margin and the other at postero-lateral corner), 15 thoracic segments with a long axial spine on the 11th (from the anterior) segment, and a small sub-elliptical pygidium with three axial rings and sagittal furrow.