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현근탁,송상택,좌달희,고영환,Hyun, Geun-Tag,Song, Sang-Tak,Joa, Dal-Hee,Ko, Yong-Hwan 한국지하수토양환경학회 2010 지하수토양환경 Vol.15 No.3
Contamination of groundwater from point and non-point sources is one of major problems of water resource manangement in Jeju island. This study characterized groundwater and soil contamination in Hallim area which is one of the areas of significantly contaminated soil and groundwater in Jeju Island. The amount of loaded contaminant (ALC) of Jeju area was estimated as 13,212 ton N/yr and 3,210 ton P/yr, The ALC of Hallim area was amounted to 2,895 ton N/yr and 1,102 ton P/yr, which accounted for 21.9% and 34.3% of the Jeju's ALC, respectively. The soil pH values (5.6-5.9) were not much different in land use areas. By contrat, average cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 14.1 $cmol^+/kg$ was high comparing to the nationwide range of 7.7-10.9 $cmol^+/kg$. Further, Sodium adsorption ratios (SARs) of horse ranch, pasture, and cultivating land for livestock were as high as 0.19, 0.17, and 0.16 respectively, comparing to the other landuse areas. Nitrate nitrogen at 22.2% of total groundwater wells exceeded 10 mg/L (the criteria of nitrate nitrogen for drinking water), averaginged 6.62 mg/L with maximum 28.95 mg/L. Groundwater types belonged to Mg-$HCO_3$, Na-$HCO_3$, Ca-$HCO_3$, and Na-Cl, among which Mg-$HCO_3$ type occupied more than 70% of the total samples, indicating the presence of anthropogenic sources. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen was negatively related to altitude and well depth, and positively related to the concentration of Ca, Mg, and $SO_4$ which might originate from chemical fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen isotopes was estimated as an average of 8.10$^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$, and the maximum value of 17.9$^{\circ}/_{\circ\circ}$. According to the nitrogen isotope ratio, the most important nitrogen source was assessed as chemical fertilizer (52.6%) followed by sewage (26.3%) and livestock manures (21.1%).
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Zoogloea ramigera 115의 응집특성과 그것의 생물고분자를 이용한 중금속 제거
김재하,현근탁,고영환 제주대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.39 No.-
폐수처리장의 활성오니로 부터 분리된 Zoogloea ramigera 115 균주의 생육적정 pH와 vitamin 생육인자를 규명하고, C/N 조성비에 따른 균체응집특성에 대해서 조사하였다. 그로부터 균체응집과 직접적으로 관련된 생물고분자를 생산 분리하여 중금속 양이온 흡착능과 제거효율을 측정하였다. Z. ramigera 115의 최적 생육 pH 범위는 6.25에서 7.00이었고, 생육촉진인자로 vit. B? 또는 biotin을 요구하였다. C/N 조성비가 클수록 균체응집능이 개선되는 경향이었으며, C/N 조성비 27이상에서는 응집능이 비교적 안정되었다. C/N 조성비 90에서의 생물고분자 생산량은 34.43g/ℓ였으며, 이는 개선될 여지가 있다고 생각된다. Z. ramigera 115의 배양액으로부터 분리된 고분자물질의 단위량당 중금속 양이온 흡착능은 Cu?와 Cd?에 대해서 각각1.3350 ?mol/mg과 0.3120 ?mol/mg이었다. 개개의 중금속 양이온 농도가 약 5mg/ℓ인 용액을 연속식 반응조로 처리한 결과, Z. ramigera 115의 생물고분자에 의해서, Cu?, Mn?, Cd?, Cr?순으로 각각 77, 75, 43, 20%의 제거효율을 보였다. 회분식 반응조를 사용했을 때도, 이와 거의 유사한 제거효율을 얻었다. Z. ramigera 115가 생산하는 고분자의 중금속 이온 흡착능과 응집능을 폐수처리나 중금속 이온의 회수에 이용할 수 있는 실질적인 방법이 모색될 수 있을 것이다. Optimum pH and vitamin requirement for the growth of Zoogloea ramigera 115 which was originally isolated from an active sludge in wastewater treatment plant were determined. Effect of C/N ratio on floc formation by the strain 115 was also investigated. Biopolymer known to be directly involved in flocculation was isolated and tested for its sorption capacity of metal cations. The optimum pH for cell growth was between 6.25 and 7.00, and a biotin or a vit. B.? was required as a growth factor. Although the increase in C/N ratio stimulated floc formation, C/N ratios over 27 showed similar degrees of flocculation. The concentration of biopolymer produced by Z ramigera 115 at C/N ratio 90 was 34.43 g/ℓ, which could be improved. The sorption capacity of the biopolymer was 1.3350 ?mol/mg for Cu? and 0.3120 ?mol/mg for Cd?, respectively. When a solution containing about 5 mg/ℓ of each metal cation was treated with the biopolymer in a continuous type reactor, the cations were removed in the order of Cu?>Mn?>Cd?>Cr? with an individual efficiency of 77, 75, 43, and 20%. The batch type reactor also showed similar removal efficiency. The practical approach for the use of biopolymer produced by Z. ramigera 115 needs to be tried in the field of waste-water treatment and heavy metal cation recovery.
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