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안중근 의사를 제재로 한 중국 시가 연구Ⅱ ― 특별한 타자 및 제삼자적 인식과 감정의 표현을 중심으로
崔亨旭(Choi, Hyeong-wook) 중국어문학연구회 2022 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.137
Chinese poems written on the theme of Ahn Jung-geun were generally created with three central eras as root: the period of evidence and sacrifice, the period of the May 4th Movement, and the period of the Sino-Japanese War. If you look at the entire catalog, it can be largely divided into two, of which one is the mourning and praising of Ahn Jung-geun. Ahn Jung-geun, who took revenge for the country, was praised as a symbol of ideal national character for patriotism, independence, martial spirit, and spirit of sacrifice in the first period. This was a distinction from the anti-Japanese sentiments. From the second era to the third, China was invaded by Japan and was driven to crisis- in this sense feeling comradery with Koreans, who also had fought in the same way against Japan. Whether the work expressed his perception and feelings directly or through his image, it honored Ahn Jung-geuns firm will to recover, thorough preparation, and self-sacrifice without regret. This has already been detailed in the previous article. As discussed in this paper, under the Chinese spilit, complex and subtle perceptions and emotions were expressed from the perspective of an objective third party, and from the perspective of one who regarded Korea as a subordinate state. First of all, Japan was criticized as a ruthless aggressor, but Korea was also criticized for its corruption and incompetence stemming as the root causes of its destruction. Comforting the Joseon people and praising their culture as superior also emphasized the conception of Chinese imperialism as a Chinese tradition. Also, the sense of superiority developed into disappointment, ridicule, and criticism of Korea. In the end, the sympathy shown for Ahns death within these works may not just be a pity for his neighbors misfortune, but a regret for losing part of himself. Some poets praised Ito Hirobumi, the main character of the Meiji Restoration, who was considered a role model for Chinese reform, and deeply mourned his death. In the Sino-Japanese War, China lost to Japan, and after the Meiji Restoration, many intellectuals, including Chinese officials and journalists, learned from Japan and also began to praise Ito, who was the central figure. In addition, they mourned Ito without hesitation since the Chinese people had felt superiority over Joseon for a long period of time. Finally, all perceptions and emotions eventually resulted in the pursuit of enlightenment in China, using Joseon, Ahn Jung-geun, and Ito Hirobumi as learning points. One of the important characteristics of modern and contemporary Chinese literature is that it has been greatly influenced by real-world politics, including domestic and foreign situations. It can be seen that this is true. Also, it is highly likely that much of the Chinese perspective, which is the basis of these special findings, was formed from the outdated and contradictory Chinese imperialism and the colonial perspective distorted by Japan. However, I think it can be used as an opportunity for Koreans to reflect on their failure to properly respond to the flow of world history in times of hardship through the eyes of the nearest opponent.
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량계초(梁啓超)의 「추풍단등곡(秋風斷藤曲)」탐구 -안중근 의거를 찬미한 중국 근대 대표 지식인의 노래와 그 속내-
최형욱 ( Hyeong Wook Choi ) 한양대학교 동아시아문화연구소 2011 동아시아 문화연구 Vol.49 No.-
A Chinese scholar, journalist, philosopher and reformist during the Qing Dynasty, Liang Qichao (梁啓超) inspired Chinese scholars with his writings and reform movements. He also made a great name as a poet, and there are two Korean-related poems that are often numbered among his masterpieces. Chaoxianaici (朝鮮哀詞), written in the fall of 1910 when Korea was already annexed by imperial Japan, is an elegy lamenting the downfall of Chosun. The other Korean-related poem, Qiufengduantengqu (秋風斷藤曲), was written right after the assassination of Ito Hirobumi by the radical Korean nationalist, An Jung-geun, in October, 1909. Qiufengduantengqu was written from the complex multi-perspectives of the poet as the third party between Chosun and Japan, as the protector of Chosun, and as the competitor of Japan. Although Qiufengduantengqu clearly exhibits the poet`s sympathy with the Korean cause and his heartfelt lamentation, Chosun for Liang Qichao was ultimately the other through which China could and should imagine itself at the brink of its full insertion into modernity. Therefore, despite the sincerity of its emotional tone, Qiufengduantengqu is better understood as a poetic attempt to project onto the historical reality of Chosun`s downfall the Chinese sense of the loss of a tributary and its desire both to learn from Japan and to contain the Japanese influence. Ultimately, the poem is more a enlightened lesson for China than a sincere lament for Chosun.
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양계초(梁啓超)의 <조선애사오율이십사수(朝鮮哀詞五律二十四首)> 탐구(探究) -조선 멸망 소식을 접한 중국 근대 대표 지식인의 술회(述懷)-
최형욱 ( Choi Hyeong Wook ) 한국언어문화학회(구 한양어문학회) 2012 한국언어문화 Vol.0 No.49
Liang Qi-Chao (梁啓超), a Chinese representative intellectual on the Enlightenment during China`s transition to modern times had actively embraced social Darwinism, nationalism, and the Enlightenment on the basis of a contemporary economic and future-oriented theory influenced by his mentor, Kang You-Wei as a source of his ideology and had implemented various reforms in political, social and cultural areas. Due to the developmental time of the modern media and postal services, his thoughts had been directly introduced to the neighboring country, Korea and thus had a huge impact on the intellectuals of Chosun patriotic enlightenment movement. Liang Qi-Chao also had considerable knowledge about Chosun and published a number of relevant poetry, expressing an active interest about the situation of Chosun at the time. Although he was especially not a professional poet, Liang Qi-Chao`s two poems about Chosun are regarded as masterpieces including "Chaoxianaici (朝鮮哀詞) 24 five-word poetry" written in fall, 1910 when Chosun completely became the colony of Japan and "Qiufengduantengqu" (秋風斷藤曲) composed right after the death of Ahn, Jung-Guen in October, 1909. To Liang Qi-Chao, Chosun was a tributary state of China with close relationships for thousands of years and was simultaneously "the other" specially showing an image of China in comparison with the West. Moreover, his feelings and perceptions about Chosun were complex depending on the status of the Chinese Empire and the changes in the international relationships with the West, Japan, etc. Liang Qichao`s awareness in Chosun was shown in his writings such as about ten argumentative essays and poems mainly published from 1904 to 1911 when Japan gained complete control over Chosun. His work illustrated his compassion, interest, and concern about the collapse of Chosun as well as his feelings of loss of the dependent nation and his disappointment and derision based on sinocentrism and imperialism, including his remarks of rebuke against Japan as a competitor in addition to his criticism about Chosun`s ruling class and its nationality, eventually as a lesson for the purpose of the Chinese enlightenment. In particular, his critical analysis and exaggeration about Chosun`s downfall demonstrated his intentions to encourage Chinese people to get involved in self-empowerment. Despite poetic forms, "Chaoxianaici" (September, 1910) consists of such deep contents and emotions no less than his other writings, taking the lead in the revolution in poetry.
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