법학전문대학원 진입장벽 완화 수단으로서의 특별전형제도: 그 운영현황 및 개선방안

최유경 ( Yu Kyong Choe ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2015 서울대학교 法學 Vol.56 No.4

The purpose of the study is to examine the special admission system of law school which assigns specific quota for socially and economically vulnerable students to lower the entrance barrier of law school. The US-style postgraduate law school system has been launched in Korea through legal reform in 2009. Compared to the precedent judicial examination, however, the postgraduate law school system has been often criticized because of its expensive tuition. As a result, special admission was introduced as one of the affirmative actions for physically, economically, socially, and culturally vulnerable groups. The special admission not only aims to lower the entrance barrier of law school but also guarantee diversity of legal professionals in the Korean society so that the post-reform legal professional training system can enhance access to social justice and promote public trust to the legal system. Despite the annual cap of the law school nationwide, each law school has been allocating 5 to 10 percent for the special admission quota since 2009. According to the statistics, approximately 6.14 percent of the total number of law school students has entered the law school through special admission in last 7 years. The beneficiaries of special admission reached about 5.1 percent of the bar passers from 2011 to 2014. The occupational distribution extends to a wide variety including law firms, private lawyer’s office, private sector and public legal institution, etc. Nevertheless, the author concludes that it is too early to evaluate whether the current special admission system is sufficient to lower the entrance barrier of law school for the underrepresented groups in our society. Meanwhile, the study encompasses specific standards and criteria of the special admission which have been managed by the law schools. While the relating laws and regulations delegate all the authority to finalize distinctive standards to the each law school, the special admission has been operated in a different and complicated manner by distinctive law schools. Moreover, law schools are not entitled to inspect or monitor the authenticity of the evidential documents that the applicants are required to submit for proving their economical status. The author emphasizes that it is inevitable to make more concrete standard based on financial need. More sophisticated factors such wealth and educational history of family and the applicants should be considered not to mention ‘income’. The study also stresses that both the extent and criteria of the special admission should be narrowed down to prevent reverse discrimination. Also, the author suggests to establish an institution which is authorized to investigate or inspect the authenticity of all the documents with the purpose of guaranteeing the transparency and the fairness of the special admission process nationwide. The article consists of legal grounds of the special admission and the specific standards (Chapter II.), empirical approaches of the current condition and outcomes (Chapter III.), and the ramifications and suggestions (Chapter IV.).

기본법(基本法) 제정을 통한 사회적 가치 법제도화와 정량적 평가 방안

최유경 ( Yukyong Choe ),김정욱 ( Jungwook Kim ) 법과사회이론학회(구 법과사회이론연구회) 2021 법과 사회 Vol.0 No.67

초고속 압축경제성장을 이루어낸 한국은 불평등과 양극화, 급격한 인구 구조 변화 및 계층과 지역 간 불균형, 환경 위기와 안전에 이르는 각종 사회문제를 겪고 있다. 정부는 이를 시장자본조의의 한계로 일부 인식하면서, 분배 복지 정책을 시행해왔지만 근본적인 해결책을 찾지 못했다. 2010년대 이래 등장한 사회적 가치 담론은 이 같은 사회 경제적 한계 상황을 구조적으로 극복하기 위한 것으로, 2020년 미증유(未曾有)의 COVID-19 전후로 세계 각국은 물론 기업과 다양한 이해관계자가 최소한 이와 같은 문제의식에 공감하고 있다는 것은 부정하기 어렵다. 이 글은 제19대 국회부터 현재까지 계류 중인 「공공기관의 사회적 가치 실현에 관한 기본법(안)」의 입법형식과 주요 내용을 분석하고, 사회적 가치 제도화의 필요성과 의의에 관해 논의한다. 무엇보다 공공기관 등이 사회적 가치를 창출하도록 국가 재정 운영의 패러다임을 근본적으로 전환하기 위해서는 사회적 가치의 정량적 평가방법론과 지표(안)을 그 목적과 취지에 부합하게 설정할 필요가 크다. 그럼에도 불구하고 위에 언급한 각종 사회문제는 우리의 지속가능한 공존과 연대를 어렵게 만들고 있으며, 각론(各論)으로서의 제도적 고찰 또한 미흡하다. 이러한 문제의식을 가지고 이 연구는 사회적 가치의 제도화 과정에서 핵심이 될 것으로 보이는 ‘정량화’방안을 학제간 연구방법론을 동원하여 연구하고, 대표적인 사회적 가치 측정지표(안)을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 과정에서 중앙 및 지방정부 재정사업을 비롯해 공공조달, 공공기관 지방공기업 경영평가, 예비타당성 조사와 사회적경제 및 사회적금융 분야에서 이미 도입되어 운영되고 있는 사회적경제기업가치평가(SVI), 신용보증기금, 사회적성과인센티브(SPC) 등을 교차 분석한다. 결론적으로 이 연구에서는 사회적 가치 측정에 있어서 세부적인 지표를 수립하기 이전에 가장 시급하고 중요한 다섯 개 항목에 대한 사회적 가치 범주화 방안을 제시한다. 즉 사회적 가치 정량화의 실익이 높고 폭넓게 활용 가능한 항목을 종합적으로 고려해 범주화하여, ① 안정적 고용환경 양질의 일자리 창출, ② 안전한 근로 생활환경의 유지, ③ 사회적 취약계층 지원, ④ 환경의 지속가능한 보전 및 ⑤ 지역경제 활성화를 제시하고, 각 항목별 세부지표와 정량화 방법론을 정리하여 제시한다. 궁극적으로 사회적 가치를 추구하고 사회적경제 기반을 조성하여 이를 선순환 시킬 수 있도록 중 장기적인 방안으로 정성적 지표로서의 ‘사회적 가치 성과 리포트(가칭)’의 개발과 작성 등을 제안함으로써 사회적 가치 법제도화의 토대를 마련하고자 한다. This article analyzes the legislative form and main contents of the Basic Act on the Realization of Social Values of Public Institutions of ROK, which is currently pending in the National Assembly, for each bill ranging from the 19th National Assembly to the current. In particular, the purpose of this Act is to present a quantitative evaluation methodology and index of social value based on the fact that this Act requires public institutions to create and evaluate social values. Despite the discourse of social value that is being emphasized as an alternative to social problems that are difficult to solve with market principles, such as inequality and environmental crises derived from the capitalist market economy today, the system that can measure and manage them is still insufficient. To this end, methodologies in public procurement, government financial projects, and management evaluation of public institutions and local public enterprises are confirmed, and the private social economy enterprise value evaluation (SVI), credit guarantee fund, and Social Performance Incentive (SPC) are analyzed and analyzed into five major categories. A method of categorizing social values for dog items is presented. In other words, by comprehensively considering and categorizing items that have high practical benefits and can be widely used in quantifying social values, ① stable employment environment and quality job creation, ② maintenance of a safe working and living environment, ③ support for the socially disadvantaged, ④ sustainable conservation of the environment and ⑤ suggest regional economic revitalization, and organize and present detailed indicators and quantification methodologies for each item. Ultimately, in order to pursue social value and create a social economy foundation to create a virtuous cycle, we propose the development and preparation of a ‘Social Value Report (tentative)’ as a qualitative indicator as a mid- to long-term measure, thereby contributing to the institutionalization of social value legislation. We want to lay the groundwork.

미국 난민법 체계와 시사점

최유경(Yukyong Choe) 한국비교공법학회 2017 공법학연구 Vol.18 No.4

헌법상 기본권 보장체계의 개방성에 관한 小考

최유경(Yu kyong Choe),김주영(Ju Young Kim) 세계헌법학회 한국학회 2015 世界憲法硏究 Vol.21 No.3

정보기술과 생명과학기술을 비롯한 첨단과학기술의 발전이 소위 '세계화'와 '정보화'로 대표되는 현대사회의 변화를 주도하는 가운데 특히 20세기 중후반의 신흥국가들 사이에서는 '민주화'로 대표되는 정치ㆍ사회적 변화가 정치ㆍ경제ㆍ사회ㆍ문화의 전 분야에 걸친 권리의식의 신장을 촉진함에 따라, 우리나라에서도 인권담론의 확장과 함께 전통적인 헌법상의 '권리장전' 혹은 '기본권목록'의 확대가 요구되고 있으며, 이러한 추세는 앞으로 더욱 가속화할 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 권리들의 헌법적 보장을 위한 최선의 방법은 헌법 개정을 통해 새로운 권리들을 권리장전에 포함시키는 것임은 분명하나, 헌법 개정이 이루어지기 전이라도 "개인이 가지는 불가침의 기본적 인권"에 대한 적절한 헌법적 보장을 모색하는 것은 현행 헌법이 국가에 명시적으로 부여한책무라 할 수 있겠기에 본 연구는 현행 헌법체계 하에서의 헌법에 열거되지 아니한 권리의 헌법적 보장기제를 헌법상 기본권 보장체계의 개방성의 관점에서 특히 헌법 제37조 제1항을 중심으로 검토하였다. 검토 결과 건국헌법부터 존재해 온 헌법 제37조 제1항은 기본권 보장체계의 개방성을 명시적으로 선언하고 있지만 새로운 권리의 보장을 위한 적극적인 요건을 제시하고 있지는 않기 때문에 새로운 권리의 헌법적 보장은 기존 헌법의 해석론만으로는 충분한 대응이 어려움을 확인할 수 있었고, 이를 극복하기 위한 방안 가운데 하나로 적극적인 권리담론의 입론의 필요성을 강조하였다. As the development of the information technology and high-tech including life sciences takes the lead of the modern society's transformation, political and social changes which are represented by 'democratization' have been causing extension of rights in political, social, economical and cultural fields in the emerging countries since the mid-21st Century. Accordingly, it is required to expand the traditional 'Bill of Rights' or the 'list of fundamental rights(Grundrechtskatalog)' along with the expansion of the human rights discourse. And this trend is expected to accelerate more in the future. Obviously, one of the best ways to guarantee the new rights would be revising Constitution and enumerating such rights in Constitution. Considering the Constitution empowers constitutional responsibilities to seek "inviolable fundamental human rights", however, the study argues that we should focus more on interpreting the Constitution Article 37 Section 1 in terms of the openness of the constitutional rights guaranteeing system before discussing the Constitutional revision. The study conclusively confirms that despite the Constitution Article 37 Section 1 has been provided since the 1948 Constitution, explicitly declaring the openness of the constitutional rights guaranteeing system, it lacks of articulating affirmative requirements for guaranteeing the new rights. Therefore, constitutional guarantee of the new rights seems insufficient to correspond to the social changes merely with the existing theories. In order to overcome the limitation, the study emphasizes the necessity of establishing a distinctive 'right discourse' itself.

산업경쟁력 강화를 위한 글로벌 E.S.G. 공시 기준 통합 동향 비판: SASB 기준과 한국표준산업분류 매칭결과와 함의

최유경(Yukyong Choe),김용(Yong Kim) 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2024 경제규제와 법 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 E.S.G. 제도화를 함에 있어서 전세계의 지표들 가운데 ‘산업 특성(industry specific)’을 고려한 지표가 충분하지 않다는 점을 문제의 출발로 삼고 있다. 최근 들어 지속가능성 공시 또는 E.S.G. 공시 기준의 확립에 앞장서고 있는 IFRS는 지난 2023년 6월 26일, 국제지속가능성기준위원회(International Sustainability Standards Board, 이하 ‘ISSB’)는 마침내 IFRS S1‘일반 요구사항’과 IFRS S2‘기후관련 공시’ 초안을 확정·발표하면서 산업별 공시 기준과 관련하여 미국 산업 분류체계에 기초한 SASB 가이드라인을 수용할 것을 명확히 한 바 있다. SASB는 가이드라인 구축에 있어 여러 국가에 쓰일 수 있는 범용성, 투자자에게 유용한 중대성, 그리고 정보취합 부담이 적은 편의성에 초점을 맞추고 있다는 입장이며, E.S.G. 리스크에 따라 산업을 새로 분류하여 새로운 산업별 다른 공시 가이드라인을 제시하였다는 특징을 가진다. 그러나 빠른 속도로 국제적 담론에서 통합되고 있는 이 같은 지속가능성 공시 기준들이 과연 국내 산업의 구조와 종류, 특성 등을 제대로 반영하고 있는지에 대해서는 비판적 검토가 충실히 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 문제의식에서 첫째, SASB 가이드라인의 특징을 분석하고, 국내에 도입할 경우 한계와 장벽을 검토하는 것을 일차적인 목적으로 한다. 둘째, 이 연구는 SASB 가이드라인이 분류하고 있는 77개 산업분류를 한국표준산업분류(KSIC)의 산업과 하나씩 매칭하여 교차 분석한 결과를 기반으로 SASB 가이드라인의 국내산업 부합성 여부와 정도를 진단한다. 끝으로 셋째, 무역통계분석을 통해 파악된 E.S.G. 대응이 가장 시급한 국내 산업별 가이드라인의 지역부합성 확보 필요성과 방안에 대해 제언한다. 본 연구는 SASB의 새로운 산업분류(SICS)는 E.S.G. 리스크로 산업을 분류하여 SASB 도입을 위해 한국표준산업분류와 매칭을 시도하였다. 특히 본 연구는 ‘세세분류’ 산업 단위에서 한국표준산업분류(KSIC)와 SASB 산업분류의 매칭을 시도하였다는 점에서 그간의 연구와 차별성이 있으며, 잠정적으로 약 90%의 KSIC 산업이 SASB 산업과 매칭되는 것으로 분석했다. 그럼에도 불구하고 여전히 전혀 매칭되지 않은 약 10%의 산업 중 투자자의 압박에 의한 E.S.G. 공시의 필요성이 낮은 산업들도 다수 포진되었다는 점을 확인하면서, 직관적으로 매칭이 되지 않는 산업과 한 개의 KSIC 산업이 2개 이상의 SASB 산업에 분류될 수 있는 산업들이 존재한다는 문제를 실증연구를 통해 적시하였다. 나아가 본 연구는 유럽연합(EU)이 공급망 실사와 같은 공급망 단위로 진행하는 일부 E.S.G. 정보공시를 요구할 경우, 유럽 수출의존도가 높은 산업기계 및 제품(RT-IG)과 같은 수출의존도가 높은 산업이 생각보다 심각한 압박을 받을 수 있다는 점을 강조한다. 또한 해당 산업의 가이드라인은 정량적 지표가 다수 포함되어 표면적으로는 공시가 편리해 보이지만. 지표 산출을 위한 변수가 미국기준으로 설정되어 SASB 기준을 그대로 국내에 도입하기에는 명백한 한계가 존재하고 있음을 지적하고 있다. 결론적으로 주요 공시 항목 중 중요자재 사용과 관련된 위험의 관리는 공시하는 기업의 소재국가의 지정학적인 요인에 영향을 받지 않을 수 없다는 점에서‘부분적 공시’혹은‘지역별 공시기준’을 마련할 필요성이 크고, 현재 글로벌 지속가능성 공시 기준의 통합 추세에 이와 같은 문제가 비단 한국뿐만 아니라 산업 유형과 규모가 유사한 아시아태평양 국가들에서도 동시에 논의될 필요성이 있음을 강조하고자 했다. 이 같은 연구는 아시아-태평양 지역 국가들이 유사한 상황에 놓여있을 것으로 예측되는 상황에서 SASB 가이드라인 도입 과정에서 우려되는 국내 산업부합성을 높이는 방안 및 정량적지표의 한국화 작업을 위한 선행연구로서 기능하게 될 것이다. 본 연구는 후속 연구로서 지역적 특성을 고려한 로컬 공시지표(local indicators)의 발굴이 필요한 주요 산업을 발굴하고, 한국뿐만 아니라 산업 유형과 규모가 유사한 아시아태평양 국가들에서도 동시에 논의될 필요성이 있음을 강조한다. This study starts with the problem that there are not enough industry-specific indicators in the world to institutionalize E.S.G. The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), which has been at the forefront of establishing sustainability disclosure or E.S.G. disclosure standards in recent years, finally finalized and published draft IFRS S1 General Requirements and IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures on June 26, 2023, clarifying that it will accept the SASBs guidelines based on the U.S. Industry Classification System for industry-specific disclosure standards. The SASBs position is that it focuses on universality for use in multiple countries, materiality for investors, and convenience with low information gathering burden, and it is characterized by a new classification of industries based on E.S.G. risk, which leads to different disclosure guidelines for each industry. However, there has been a lack of critical examination of whether these sustainability disclosure standards, which are rapidly being integrated into the international discourse, properly reflect the structure, types, and characteristics of domestic industries. In light of these issues, this study aims to analyze the characteristics of the SASB Guidelines and examine the limitations and barriers to their adoption in Korea. Second, this study cross-analyzes the 77 industry classifications of the SASB Guidelines with the Korean Standard Industrial Classification (KSIC) to diagnose whether and to what extent the SASB Guidelines are compatible with domestic industries. Finally, the third part of the study recommends the need and measures to secure regional convergence of the guidelines for domestic industries that are most urgently in need of E.S.G. response identified through trade statistics analysis. As this study shows, the SASBs new Industry Classification System (SICS) classifies industries with E.S.G. risks and attempts to match them with the Korean Standard Industrial Classification for the introduction of the SASB. In particular, this study differs from previous studies in that it attempts to match the Korean Standard Industrial Classification (KSIC) with the SASB industry classification at the subdivision industry level, and analyzes that about 90% of KSIC industries are matched with SASB industries. Nevertheless, the study confirms that the 10% of industries that are not matched at all include many industries that are not required to disclose E.S.G. due to investor pressure, and the empirical study highlights the problem that there are industries that are not intuitively matched and that one KSIC industry can be classified in more than one SASB industry. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that if the EU requires disclosure of some E.S.G. information at the supply chain level, such as supply chain due diligence, export-dependent industries such as industrial machinery and products (RT-IG), which are highly dependent on European exports, may be under more severe pressure than expected. In addition, the guidelines for these industries include many quantitative indicators, which may seem convenient on the surface, but there are obvious limitations in adopting the SASB standard as it is, as the variables for calculating the indicators are set in the US. In conclusion, the study emphasized that there is a great need for partial disclosure or regional disclosure standards as the management of risks related to the use of critical materials among the main disclosure items cannot be influenced by the geopolitical factors of the country where the disclosing company is located, and that the current trend of integrating global sustainability disclosure standards requires that these issues be discussed simultaneously not only in Korea but also in Asia-Pacific countries with similar industry types and sizes. Given that countries in the Asia-Pacific region are expected to be in a similar situation, this study will serve as a preliminary

「유통산업발전법」상 복합쇼핑몰 규제와 합헌성 전망

최유경 ( Yukyong Choe ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2018 法學硏究 Vol.28 No.4

The current 『Distribution Industry Development Act』 allows the heads of local autonomous governments to restrict business hours or to designate mandatory holidays against the LSDs (Large Scale Markets) and SSMs (Super Supermarkets) when it is necessary for the ‘establishment of healthy distribution order’, ‘health rights of workers’ and ‘promoting mutual growth of small and medium-sized businesses.’ Although economic- and social analysis have been conducted with various angles regarding the economic impacts of this regulation, both the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Korea held this regulation legitimate and constitutional, in 2015 and 2018, distinctively. Nevertheless, with the emergence of large-scale stores, collectively referred to as ‘multi-complex shopping malls’, serious conflicts with small and medium-sized merchants have continued to increase. As a result, a legislative bill to regulate the ‘multi-complex shopping malls’ under the very similar regulatory framework to that of LSDs has been introduced. This study aims to analyze the basic framework of the regulation over the ‘multi-complex shopping malls’ prescribed by the National Assembly’s revised bill of the 『Distribution Industry Development Act』. And it proposes the rationality and constitutionality of the regulation. To this end, the author summarizes the operational status of the current LSDs regulations, presenting the decisions of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, respectively. In addition, based on empirical date and actual status of the ‘multi-complex shopping malls,’it highlights the limitations and problems of draft bill in six categories: such as ambiguity of the definition provision, the under-estimated surface area standard, the lack of protection for small business owners in ‘multi-complex shopping malls,’ and the absence of detailed standards for exceptional provisions, etc.

법조일원주의 법관임용방식으로서의 법관선거제도 -미국 주(州)법관선거제도의 현황과 문제점을 중심으로-

최유경 ( Yu Kyong Choe ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2014 홍익법학 Vol.15 No.1

This article aims to consider the judicial election system of the United States as one remedy for the Korean post-reform-that is called a ‘unitary system of lawyers’--judge selection methods. Before to discuss whether to adopt the unique US-style judicial election system, the author stresses to importance to know about the originality and the history of the system. Considering that previous studies have not focused on the history, characteristics, or advantages and disadvantages of the judicial election system itself, the article first provides intensive historical overview, tracing up to the first adoption of the judicial election in Mississippi in 1832. However, it is only after 1846 when New York amended its constitution to elect the judges on behalf of previous appointment system. It then took only 8 years until other twenty states followed N.Y. to establish the judicial election system for constituting their judiciary. The article also encompasses extensive examination of the current judicial election of the US. In the mean time, the US judicial election system tends to have been changed from a ① ’partisan judicial election’ to a ② ‘nonpartisan judicial election’ type in order to overcome mortal problems that had been revealed. Since 1940, many states have shifted to a ③ ‘merit-selection’(or ‘Missouri plan’) system which is a kind of conciliatory way to appoint a judge for the bench plus retention election after her term. The study suggests the most up-to-date data of the states’ judicial election system including the ④ ‘gubernatorial appointment system’ and the ⑤ ‘legislative election’ / ‘legislative appointment’ not to mention the above three types of judicial election system respectively. Moreover, the author analyzes serious problems that the US judicial election system have revealed throughout the long lasting experiences: (1) corelation between the campaign money contributors and the judicial independence; (2) the problems of obtaining endorsement from political parties; (3)public apathy reperensted by the rate of ‘roll-off’; (4) the susceptibility of the judiciary responding to the public supports or pressures and the influence of the special interest groups; and (5) the management and the control over the judicial election process. The study provides remarkably extensive examples grounded by the cases and examples from a wide variety of states. Finally, the author assumes to introduce the merit-selection type judicial election system in Korea as a remedy based on the unitary system of lawyers which substantial postulations have to be qualified and prepared. The study concludes that it is not a clear-cut controversy whether to adopt a judicial election system or to maintain the existing appointment system in terms of balancing the professionalism, judicial independence, accountability, responsibility, and responsiveness of the judiciary.

법학전문대학원 제도 도입을 통해 본 법률가직역의 젠더 계층화(Gender Stratification)에 관한 연구

최유경 ( Yu Kyong Choe ) 법과사회이론학회 2015 법과 사회 Vol.0 No.50

Analyzing the result of a comprehensive survey legal professions in Korea which was conducted in 2014, the study mainly focuses on the rapid increase in quantity of the female legal professionals in Korea since 2000. The number of female lawyers including judges, public prosecutors, and practicing attorneys- has been sharply increasing in 2000s. The number of female legal professionals still remains growing after the adoption of US-style postgraduate legal education system in 2009. Not only among the law school students but also among the bar passers, law clerks, prosecutors, and practicing attorneys in various fields of law, female population has been impressively increasing. Based on the extensive empirical data, the study compares female respondents to male respondents through investigating a wide variety of evaluation indexes such as employment status, types of the legal profession, performance businesses, income, job satisfaction and job search intention, etc. Conclusively, no statistical difference was found between female and male legal professionals in case of the young lawyers group who are mainly (1) the graduates of the post-reform law school from 2011 to 2013 and (2) the graduates of the Judicial Research and Training Institute (JRTI) who entered the JRTI during the same years. On the other hand, in terms of the compatibility of the job and family, female lawyers seem to show meaningful differences in considering the types of the legal profession, performance business, location, working hours, or time for recreations. Marriage and pregnancy directly affect to female legal professionals in deciding maternity leave or parental leave while they do not seem to have significant impacts on the male respondents. Moreover, a lot more female legal professionals answered to have experienced sexual harrassment at work. Through intense analyzation the surveys, the study concludes that some of the key factors can cause gender stratification of the legal profession in Korea like the extensive volume of previous studies have already suggests in the US. Not only quantitative but also qualitative surveys and researches, targeting the career-groups, will further provide more sophisticated results on gender stratification of the legal profession as well.

“사법의 민주적 정당성”에 대한 토론문

최유경(Choe, Yukyong) 한국공법학회 2020 공법연구 Vol.49 No.2

코로나19로 인한 유통산업 환경변화와 유통규제 전망

최유경(Yukyong Choe),이진국(JinKook Lee),김정욱(Jungwook Kim) 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2021 경제규제와 법 Vol.14 No.2

국내 유통시장은 코로나19 발발 이전부터 온라인쇼핑 부문이 빠르게 성장하고 있었으며 기존 오프라인 점포 위주의 성장⋅영업 전략에 커다란 변화가 진행 중이었다. 이러한 구조변화 가운데 발발한 코로나19 사태는 비대면거래와 온라인쇼핑에 대한 의존성을 더욱 가속화시켰으며, 결과적으로 온라인쇼핑은 이제 전 유통업태가 적응해야 할 새로운 규범이자 기본조건으로 자리 잡게 되었다. 더욱이 소비자들이 비대면 쇼핑의 편리성을 절감하는 등 소비채널에 대한 선호 변화를 강하게 경험하고 있어, 온라인쇼핑 중심의 구조변화는 코로나19 위기가 진정된 뒤에도 지속될 가능성이 높을 것으로 전망된다. 반면, 유통산업에 대한 규제 정책과 입법화 동향은 여전히 기존 담론에 묶여 공전(空轉)하고 있을 뿐이어서 자칫 새로운 시장 환경에 부합하는 유통산업정책의 방향성을 상실하게 될 우려가 존재한다. 이 연구는 이 같은 현상에 문제의식을 두고, 첫째, 코로나19 발발 이전 시기 국내 유통산업의 현황을 진단하여, 둘째, 코로나19가 유통산업에 미친 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고, 그 결과에 기초하여 셋째, 최근 유통기업의 판매 전략과 소비자 구매 행위의 변화를 토대로 향후 유통산업의 변화 방향을 조망하는 한편, 넷째, 새로운 시장 환경에 부합하는 유통산업 규제의 방향성을 제시하고, 이를 통해 제21대 국회에서의「유통산업발전법」 관련 입법은 물론 정부의 중장기적 유통산업 관련 규제 정책 수립에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Even before the unprecedented era of COVID-19, the domestic distribution market had been experiencing rapid growth in the online shopping realm. In addition, the composition of major consumer groups has changed following a demographic shift, and a significant increase in demand for mobile transactions has required a fundamental shift from offline-based sales to e-commerce to encourage the growth of the distribution industry. Distribution and retail businesses have become increasingly reliant on non-face-to-face transactions and online shopping since the COVID-19 outbreak. The sales volumes of online and mobile shopping, open markets, and online channels of large-scale distribution companies are expected to rise as these are only few places where consumption behavior is possible in the context of the pandemic. Unfortunately, however, current regulatory policies and legislative trends for the distribution industry are still closely tied to the existing offline-based discourse and remain in a state of revolution. Recognizing these problems, this study aims to first, identify market patterns of the domestic distribution industry in the pre-pandemic era, second, empirically analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the distribution industry, third, forecast the future direction of change based on the recent changes in sales strategies of distribution companies and consumer purchasing behavior, and fourth offer regulatory directions in light of the rapidly-changing market environment. Altogether, this research makes noteworthy contributions to policy debates concerning various bills put forth by the 21st National Assembly around the 「Distribution Industry Development Act」, as well as to the establishment of a mid-to-long-term regulatory landscape in Korea.