흑마늘의 이화학적 특성

최덕주(Duk Ju Choi),이수정(Soo Jung Lee),강민정(Min Jung Kang),조희숙(Hee Sook Cho),성낙주(Nak Ju Sung),신정혜(Jung Hye Shin) 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.37 No.4

생마늘, 찐마늘(100oC, 20분) 및 흑마늘의 이화학적 특성을 비교한 결과 적색도는 흑마늘에서 2.86으로 월등히 높은 값이었고, 명도와 황색도는 흑마늘에서 각각 22.52±0.17과 3.19±0.68로 가장 낮았다. 일반성분 중 조지방, 조단백 및 총당은 흑마늘>찐마늘>생마늘의 순으로 높았고, 수분의 함량은 흑마늘에서 58.20±0.39%로 이와 상반된 결과를 나타내었다. pH는 생마늘에서 6.84±0.01이었으나 찐마늘은 6.54±0.02, 흑마늘은 4.36±0.06으로 점차 산성화 되는 경향이었다. 생마늘의 total pyruvate 함량은 188.47±3.03 μ㏖/g이었으며 찐마늘과 흑마늘은 각각 77.03±0.97 μ㏖/g과 277.85±2.57 μ㏖/g이었다. Total thiosulfate의 함량은 찐마늘에서 가장 낮았으며, 다음으로 생마늘 및 흑마늘 순이었다. 유리당 중 arabinose와 galactose는 흑마늘에서 각각 1.62±0.30 ㎎/100 g과 13.11±1.73 ㎎/100 g이었으며, 생마늘에서는 glucose, 찐마늘에서는 sucrose, 흑마늘에서는 fructose의 함량이 가장 높았다. 무기물은 칼륨의 함량이 다른 무기물에 비하여 월등히 그 함량이 높아 전체 무기물 함량의 약 76%를 차지하였다. 구성아미노산은 모든 시료에서 glutamic acid, arginine 및 aspartic acid의 함량이 다른 아미노산에 비해 월등히 높았으며, ammonia를 제외한 모든 아미노산이 생마늘에 비해 흑마늘에서 높게 정량되었다. 유리아미노산은 생마늘과 찐마늘에서는 총 15종이 검출되었으나 흑마늘에서는 taurine, L-aspartic acid, glycine, L-α-aminoiso-n-butyric acid 및 γ-amino-n-butyric acid를 포함한 총 5종의 아미노산과 urea 및 O-phosphoethanolamine이 더 검출되었다. Physicochemical characteristics of black garlic were analyzed. Colorimetry measurement showed that the black garlic, compared with fresh and steamed garlics, was the highest in a value and the lowest in L and b values. Crude lipid, crude protein, and total sugars were the highest in black garlic, which was followed by steamed and fresh garlic. On the other hand, moisture content was the lowest in the black garlic and the highest in the fresh garlic. The pH of garlics was ca. 6.8, 6.5, and 4.4 in fresh, steamed, and black garlic, respectively, which indicated that garlics tended to be acidified with the thermal processing. Total pyruvate and total thiosulfinates were the lowest in steamed garlic (77 μ㏖/g and 0.07 OD/g for each) and the highest in black garlic (278 μ㏖/g and 0.77 OD/g). Arabinose and galactose were detected only in black garlic and their contents were 1.6 and 13 mg/100 g, respectively. Free sugars such as glucose, sucrose and fructose were the highest in the order of fresh, steamed, and black garlic. Potassium was a predominant mineral in all garlics, constituting 76% of total minerals. Glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid were the major composition amino acids in all garlics, regardless of processing conditions. 15 kinds of free amino acids were detected in fresh and steamed garlic, while five more free amino acids, O-phosphoethanolamine, and urea were additionally detected in black garlic.

홍조류의 영양 성분과 항산화 활성

신정혜,최덕주,임현철,서종권,이수정,최선영,성낙주,Shin Jung-Hye,Choi Duk-Ju,Lim Hyun-Cheol,Seo Jong-Kwon,Lee Soo-Jung,Choi Sun-Young,Sung Nak-Ju 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

갈래곰보(Meristotheca papulosa (Montagne) Kylin), 진두발 (Chondrus ocellatus, Holmes), 꼬시래기(Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss) 및 돌가사리(Gigartina tenella, Harvey) 를 대상으로 영양성분을 분석하고, 에탄을 추출물의 항산화 및 아질산염 소거 활성을 실험함으로서 그 기능성을 규명하고자 하였다. 회분의 함량은 시료간의 차가 커 꼬시래기의 경우 $9.8{\pm}0.2g/100g$이었으나 돌가사리는 $17.8{\pm}0.6g/100g$으로 가장 높은 함량이었다. 조섬유의 함량은 $2.0{\pm}0.4{\sim}6.0{\pm}0.7\;g/100g$의 범위였다. 페놀화합물은 꼬시래기에서 $78.4{\pm}1.0mg/g$으로 가장 높은 함량이었으며, 총 플라보노이드의 함량은 진두발과 꼬시래기에서 각각 $14.9{\pm}0.5mg/g$과 $13.9{\pm}0.8mg/g$으로 정량되어 갈래곰보와 돌가사리에 비해 약 2배 정도 더 높은 함량이었다. 무기물의 총 함량은 갈래곰보에서 12,107.7 mg/kg으로 가장 높았다. 구성 아미노산은 $49.1{\sim}125.6mg/g$으로 시료에 따른 함량 차가 켰으며 대부분의 시료에서 glutamic acid의 함량이 가장 높게 정량되었다. SOD 유사활성은 시료의 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 전체적인 활성은 낮았다. 전자공여능이 가장 높은 돌가사리의 경우 $250{\mu}g/ml$농도에서 $53.96{\pm}0.98%$로 50% 이상의 활성을 보였으며 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$농도에서는 $70.52{\pm}1.09%$로 그 활성이 증가하였다. 100 ${\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서는 시료들의 hydroxy radical 소거활성은 $57.87{\pm}1.70{\sim}62.07{\pm}0.87%$의 범위로 ascorbic acid나 BHT에 비해 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거능은 꼬시래기에서 가장 높았는데 $100{\sim}500{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서는 $24.04{\pm}1.9{\sim}27.52{\pm}0.82%$의 범위였으나 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서는 $34.81{\pm}1.36%$로 증가하였다. 이상의 항산화 활성을 평가한 결과 본 실험에 사용된 홍조류 4종은 전자공여능과 hydroxy radical 소거활성이 우수하였다. Nutritional components of 4 kinds of red seaweeds, Meristotheca papulosa, Chondrus ocellatus, Gracilaria verrucosa, Gigartina tenella, were investigated to elucidate their functionality. Antioxidant activity and nitrite scavenging activity were analyzed from 70% ethanol extracted from these red seaweeds. Large difference in ash contents was found to exhibit among all samples analyzed in this study; $9.8{\pm}0.2g/100g$ for Gracilaria verrucosa and Gigartina tenella for $17.8{\pm}0.6g/100g$. While its crude fiber content was almost the same as those in other sample within a range between $2.0{\pm}0.4g/100g$ and $6.0{\pm}0.7g/100g$. Phenolic compounds content of Gracilaria verrucosa was also the highest as $78.4{\pm}1.0mg/g$, while the total flavonoids contents of Chondrus ocellatus and Gracilaria verrucosa were $14.9{\pm}0.5mg/g$ and $13.9{\pm}0.8mg/g$, respectively. These amounts were two folds higher than Meristotheca papulosa and Gigartina tenella. The total content of minerals was the highest in Meristotheca papulosa(12,107.7 mg/kg). The amount of glutamic acid was relatively high despite of small variation in measured levels of composition amino acid ($49.1{\sim}125.6mg/g$) for most samples investigated. SOD-like ability was significantly increased with increasing sample concentration, but its activity was lower. Gigartina tenella with highest electron donation ability exhibited increases in activity as $53.96{\pm}0.98%$ in concentration of 250 ${\mu}g/ml$ and $70.52{\pm}1.09%$ in 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In case of concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, particularly, the level of hydroxy radical scavenging activity were $57.87{\pm}1.70{\sim}62.07{\pm}0.87%$ which was significantly higher activity than ascorbic acid and BHT. Nitrite scavenging activity was the highest in Gracilaria verrucosa. Its activity was also increased from $24.04{\pm}1.9{\sim}27.52{\pm}0.82%$ in $100{\sim}500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration tp $34.81{\pm}1.36%$ in concentration of 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$.

경구피임제를 복용한 여성에서 임신중 발생한 간세포암

박흠례(Heum Rea Park),최덕주(Duck Joo Choi),박현철(Hyun Chul Park),박종재(Jong Jae Park),이성광(Sung Kwang Lee),강동훈(Dong Hoon Kang),김주현(Ju Hyun Kim),김득조(Duk Jo Kim),오수용(Soo Yong Oh),강영숙(Young Sook Kang),이정남(Jong Nam 대한소화기학회 1997 대한소화기학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Hepatocellular carcinoma in pregnancy is very rare. Because it is associated with high maternal and fetal rnortality, the risk group of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in pregnant women must be closely monitored. The risk group includes pregnant women who are HBsAg carriers with cirrhosis, long term users of oral contraceptives, and who have a history of multiparity. An elevated a fetoprotein(AFP) level is useful for the diagnosis. The risk group should be closely monitered with a careful physical examination and AFP measurement. Then hepatocellular carcinoma can be detected at an early stage. We have experienced a case of hepatocellular carcinoma in a pregnant woman with an elevated AFP level who was an user of oral contraceptives and had a history of multiparity. It was confirmed by operation and histologic examination. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1997;30:126-130)

경인지역 건강검진자의 Helicobacter pylori 항체 양성률

박현철(Hyun Chul Park),김주현(Ju Hyun Kim),강동훈(Dong Hoon Kang),김선숙(Sun Suk Kim),박종재(Jong Jae park),박동균(Dong Kyun Park),최덕주(Duk Ju Choi),김유경(Yu Kyung Kim),윤형선,조경환(Kyung Hwan Cho) 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.5

H. pylori infection is now widely recognized as one of the causes of peptic ulcer, antral gastritis, and gastric cancer. Many data from cross-sectional seroprevalence studies have confirmed that H. pylori seropositivity varies between different area and race of the same country. The aim of this study is to evaluate the H. pylori seropositivity in 3,488 healthy subjects who reside in Metro-Inchon. Methods : H. pylori IgG antibodies were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in healthy Koreans who underwent health examination in Gil Hospital from January to September, 1997. Subjects who had past history of peptic ulcer and previous gastric or duodenal operation and used antibiotics in 1 month were excluded. We compared H. pylori seropositivity between sex, age group, and ABO blood group using Chi-square test and Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test. Results : 1) The overall seropositivity of H. pylori infection was 70.0%. 2) The seropositivity of H. pylori infection by age groups was 28.6% in 10-19, 63.3% in 20-29, 65.5% in 30-39, 70.7% in 40-49, 73.3% in 50-59, and 74.8% in over 60. 3) The seropositivity of H. pylori infection was 72.1% in male and 65.8% in female. 4) The seropositivity of H. pylori infection among ABO blood groups were 69.4% in A, 69.8% in B, 70.7% in O, and 70.1% in AB. Conclusion : The seropositivity of H. pylori infection in healthy persons living in Metro-Inchon was 70.0% and increased with age and was higher in male.

전복과 천연 식물류 복합물의 항산화 및 알코올대사 효소 활성

신정혜 ( Jung Hye Shin ),이수정 ( Soo Jung Lee ),최덕주 ( Duk Ju Choi ),강민정 ( Min Jung Kang ),성낙주 ( Nak Ju Sung ) 한국식품조리과학회 2008 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.24 No.2

한약재 추출물을 첨가한 양념 돈육의 저장 중 이화학적 특성

조희숙(Cho Hee Sook),신정혜(Shin Jung Hye),최덕주(Choi Duk Ju),이수정(Lee Soo Jung),강민정(Kang Min Jung),성낙주(Sung Nak Ju) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.1

양념돈육의 저장성 및 기능성을 향상을 위해 돈육 양념소스에 항산화성이 우수한 한약재 조성물을 첨가하여 15일간냉장저장(4℃)하면서 양념돈육의 물리?화학적 특성을 측정하였으며 한약재 조성물은 산조인, 산수유, 단삼, 꿀풀, 선복화, 뽕잎, 곽향(T-1), 산조인, 산수유, 단삼, 꿀풀, 선복화, 뽕잎, 오가피(T-2), 산조인, 산수유, 단삼, 꿀풀, 선복화, 곽향, 오가피(T-3)등 3종류의 조성물을 양념소스에 1%씩 첨가하였다. 관능평가 결과 전반적인 기호도면에서 한약재를 첨가한 실험군이 다소 점수가 높았으며, 전반적인 기호도에서 한약재조성물(T-1)이 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다. 육색의 변화는 양념육에서 명도는 저장기간이 길어질수록 감소되었으며, 적색도는 한약재 조성물 첨가군(T-1, 2 및 3)이 무첨가군(T-0)에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 황색도는 저장 초기 원료육에 비해 양념육에서 약 2배 정도 높게 나타났으나, 한약재 조성물 첨가군에서 유의성은 적었다. 조직감 측정에서 양념육(T-1)은 경도 및 탄력성이 원료육에 비해 경도가 낮았으나, 한약재 조성물의 첨가시에 다소 상승하였다. 가열감량은 저장 기간이 길어짐에 따라 다소 높았으며, 양념육에서는 저장 기간에 따른 유의적인 차이가 적었다. 저장기간에 따른 pH의 변화는 양념을 첨가한 경우 대조구보다 다소 낮았다. 수분함량은 저장기간이 경과할수록 감소되었으며, 실험군간의 큰 유의차는 없었다. VBN 함량은 저장기간에 따라 점차 상승하여 저장 15일 이후에는 T-3 > T-0 > T-2 > T-1의 순으로 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. The seasoned pork loin manufactured using with seasoning sauce that were prepared with 3 different composites of medicinal plant extracts (T-1~3). The the quality characteristics were investigated during storage at 4℃ for 15 days. Sensory evaluation was higher in medicinal plant extracts added seasoning pork, in particular, significantly highest in group T-1. Lightness (L*) value tended to decrease with increasing storage days, redness (a*) was significantly higher in the medicinal plant composites added groups (T-1, 2 and 3) than control, yellowness (b*) had no significant difference among three groups added medicinal palnt composites. In hardness test, raw pork (control) was lower than seasoned pork groups, but tended to increase by added medicinal plant composites. Cooking loss increased with increasing storage period, but there was no significant difference between the seasoned pork groups (T-0~3). The changes of pH showed lower in control than seasoned pork groups (T-0~3) added seasoning sauce. Moisture content decreased with increasing storage period. VBN content increased during storage. After storage for 15 days, it was significantly higher in the order of T-3 > T-0 > T-2 > T-1.

염장조건이 굴비 가공 중 콜레스테롤 및 콜레스테롤 산화물 생성에 미치는 영향

강민정(Min-Jung Kang),박선영(Sun-Young Park),신정혜(Jung-Hye Shin),최덕주(Duk-Ju Choi),조현소(Hyun-So Cho),이수정(Soo-Jung Lee),성낙주(Nak-Ju Sung) 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.37 No.2

굴비 가공 중 식염농도가 콜레스테롤 산화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 염장시간을 5시간과 5일로 달리하여 건조·저장한 후 콜레스테롤 및 그 산화물의 함량을 분석하였다. 생 시료의 콜레스테롤 함량은 133.4±5.20 ㎎/100 g으로 정량되었으나 천일염으로 염장 후 콜레스테롤 함량은 5시간 염장하였을 때 130.3±2.95 ㎎/100 g, 5일간 염장한 시료에서 87.2±3.49 ㎎/100 g으로 염장시간에 따른 콜레스테롤의 감소가 현저하였으며 저장기간 동안 콜레스테롤의 함량은 점차 감소하였다. 7-ketocholesterol은 5시간 및 5일간 염장 후 각각 75.2±2.70 ㎍/100 g과 82.4±3.30 ㎍/100 g으로 정량되었다. 5시간 염장시료는 건조 2일까지는 7-ketocholesterol의 함량에 유의차가 없었으나 건조 5일에 급격히 증가하였고, 저장기간 동안에도 점차 증가하였다. 7α 및 7β-hy droxycholesterol은 생 시료에서는 전혀 검출되지 않았으나 가공과정을 거치면서 점차 증가하였는데 7α-hydroxycholesterol의 함량은 저장 21일 후는 5시간 염장한 시료(658.1±6.20 ㎍/100 g)에서 5일간 염장한 시료(539.6±6.17 ㎍/100 g)보다 118.5 ㎍/100 g 더 많이 생성되었다. 7β-hydroxycholesterol도 염장 및 저장 기간에 따라 그 함량이 증가하였으며 5일간 염장한 시료에서는 저장 7일과 14일 사이에 증가폭이 가장 컸다. Cholesterol and cholesterol oxide products (COPs) of Gulbi (Pseudosciaena manchurica) processed and stored at different salting times of 5 hours and 5 days were analyzed. The content of cholesterol was 133.4±5.20 ㎎/100 g in the fresh sample. Cholesterol content was decreased during salting and storage; its contents were 130.3±2.95 ㎎/100 g and 87.2±3.49 ㎎/100 g in 5 hours and 5 days salting samples, respectively. The content of 7-ketocholesterol in 5 hours and 5 days salting samples were 75.2±2.70 ㎍/100 g and 82.4±3.30 ㎍/100 g. The 7-ketocholesterol content of salting sample for 5 hours had no significantly difference for 2 days sun drying, but it was dramatically increased during 5 days sun drying and then increased during storage days. 7α- and 7β-hydroxycholesterol were not detected in fresh sample, but increased during Gulbi processing and storage. The 7α-hydroxycholesterol was increased during Gulbi processing and storage and a higher level of 658.1±6.20 ㎍/100 g was detected in 5 hours salting sample than in 5 days salting sample after 21 days storage. The 7β-hydroxycholesterol also showed similar tendency with 7α-hydroxycholesterol; it was largely increased between 7 and 14 days storage in 5 days salting sample.

釜山의 山村. 金城洞에 對한 地理學的 硏究

崔德柱 釜山敎育大學 1976 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.12 No.2

Geunsung-Dong named Samsung-Ri in old times is located, at the altitude of 300-400 meters, on the side of Mt. Geumjung. The village has various mountainous characteristics. The climate of the village usually somewhat chilly all the year round except summer. The villagers chiefly cultivate rice-fields, but they always have a bad harvest becfause of the unfavourable weather. So they are mostly in want of food. In fact they have lived in the village since the Castle of Geumjungsan was built about 300 yers ago. The village which belongs to Busan city is famous for its traditional ancient houses. 1. In this village the growing of vegetables and the cattle raising will promise well for the future. 2. Many years ago, in this village were there many villagers who illegally made rice wine and yeast at home. 3. The number of visitors chiefly composed of mountaineers and barkeepers has gradually increased in this village. 4. The houses of this village which are low and surrounded by the stone walls resemble those of Jeju island. 5. Though buses regularly run in the direction of Dongrae, the village is still situated inconveniently. 6. The city of Busan has the plan of developing the villge as one of the sights of Busan. 7. The development of the village must be made under the preservation of natural surroundings and for the benefit of the villagers.

耳鼻咽喉科 領域의 各種 感染症에 대한 Enoxacin(비마르크^(�) 100㎎/200㎎)의 臨床效果

鞠炯喆,金錫京,崔德柱,禹勳永,田丙勳,咸泰英 최신의학사 1986 最新醫學 Vol.29 No.7