의사조력사의 정당화 논거로서 심신(心身)온전성의 권리

최다혜 세계헌법학회한국학회 2022 世界憲法硏究 Vol.28 No.1

The right to integrity of the person is a fundamental right to protect the state of mental and physical inviolability enable to self-determination, and also is related to life and human dignity. Thus, it can be interpreted from Article 10 human dignity and Article 12 freedom of the body of Constitution. Furthermore, the extent not to be subsumed from Articles 10 and 12 may be regarded as the independent right derived from Article 37 (1) on the ideological basis of Articles 10 and 12. In relation to the right not to be physically damaged in recent years, the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the European Union explicitly defines the right of integrity in Article 3, paragraph 1 of Chapter 1, stating that “Everyone has the right to respect for his or her physical and mental integrity.” The rights and principles set out in Article 3 require the EU national legislation and other national laws to form part of the law on the basis of these principles. In Korea, ‘Right to the physical and mental integrity of the person’ has appeared in the 2017 Constitutional Amendment as a new establishment of the right not to be damaged. As an expanded concept, the right to integrity of the person can justify a physician assisted dying from focusing on the perspective of the body in pain. Human beings should be able to freely express their personality, and to do this they should be able to determine for themselves all the treatments that can be done to their bodies according to their values and meaning of personal life. The law, which does not allow physician assisted dying, makes a demand person to endure unbearable extreme physical and mental suffering. The law interrupts exclusive use and control of the body and indirectly inflicts physical and mental infringement on the individual. It damages the integration of the mental and physical sate of the body including private life experiences and subjective attributes of one’s life. That is violates the freedom which the right to the integrity of the person to protect based on human dignity and values. 심신(心身)온전성의 권리(또는 심신을 훼손당하지 아니할 권리)는 자주적 결정을 하기 위해 전제되어야 하는 심신 불가침의 상태를 보호하는 기본권으로서 생명과 직결되며 인간의 존엄과 가치를 보장하기 위한 권리로 헌법 제10조 인간의 존엄과 가치 및 제12조 신체의 자유로부터 도출되는 권리라고 할 수 있다. 더 나아가 제10조와 제12조로부터 포섭되지 않는 범위에 대해서는 제10조와 제12조를 이념적 기초로 하여 제37조 제1항으로부터 도출되는 독자성을 갖는 권리로 볼 여지도 있다. 심신 온전성의 권리와 관련하여 유럽연합 기본권 헌장은 제1장 제3조 제1항에서 ‘모든 사람은 신체적・정신적 온전성의 권리를 갖는다’라고 하여 심신 온전성의 권리를 명시적으로 규정하고 있다. 제3조에 규정된 권리와 원칙은 EU의 국내 법령 및 기타 국내법이 이를 원칙을 기반으로 법률 일부를 구성하도록 요구하고 있다. 우리나라에서는 지난 2017년 헌법개정 안에서 신체를 훼손당하지 않을 권리의 신설로서 ‘신체와 정신의 온전성에 관한 권리’ 조항이 등장한 바 있다. 심신의 온전성을 훼손당하지 않는다는 개념은 신체와 정신의 통합성이 유지되는 상태로서 이를 위해서는 개인이 스스로 자신의 신체를 통제 및 지배할 수 있는 상태를 전제하는 개념이다. 신체에 관한 자기결정권은 신체와 관련된 ‘결정’에 관한 능력을 지키는 것인 반면 심신 온전성의 권리는 구체적 사안에서 자기결정권과 구분될 수밖에 없다. 신체를 훼손당하지 않을 권리를 신체의 독점적인 사용과 통제를 할 수 있고, 심신 통합성을 유지하며, 육체와 정신의 고통으로 부터의 자유를 포함하는 ‘심신 온전성의 권리’로 재구성한다면 의사조력사의 정당화 논거로서 새롭게 조명될 수 있다. 삶의 마지막 단계에서 고통으로부터 벗어나고 스스로 신체를 지배하고 싶은 정신적인 상태와 고통 속에 방치되고 있는 신체에 대해 국가가 극심한 육체적・정신적 고통을 견뎌내도록 하고 있다면, 공권력이 간접적으로 육체와 정신적인 침해를 가하는 것으로서 이는 심신의 통합성이 유지되지 않는 상태이자 신체의 자기 지배가 침해당함으로써 심신 온전성이 훼손당하는 결론에 이를 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 의미를 반영한다면 심신 온전성의 권리의 법적 성격과 권리의 범위에 헌법상 의사조력사를 인정할 가능성을 가지게 될 것이다. 즉, 의사조력사의 헌법적 근거로서 심신 온전성의 권리는 보완적 논거에서 나아가 더 예외적이고 극한상황에서 자주적 결정의 전제가 되는 권리이자 신체에 관한 자기결정권을 더욱 공고히 실현할 수 있도록 하는 권리인 것이다.

다양한 열차 종별 운행 시 경합에 의한 LOS 연구

최다혜,이호준,김용성,황선찬,김형준 한국철도학회 2020 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.11

Isolation of thermotolerant yeast Pichia kudriavzevii from nuruk

최다혜,박은희,김명동 한국식품과학회 2017 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.26 No.5

Thermotolerant yeast strains were isolated from nuruk, a traditional Korean fermentation starter in which variety of microorganisms are present. Among the isolates, the MBY1358 identified as yeast Pichia kudriavzevii showed significantly higher growth rate (0.59 ± 0.00 1/h) at 44 C than other strains. Maximum ethanol concentration of 8.35 ± 0.03 g/L was obtained from 20 g/L glucose with yield of 0.44 ± 0.01 g/g at 44 C, which is 1.14 times ethanol production of the control strain of P. kudriavzevii. The MBY1358, which was significantly more thermotolerant than the control strain and fermented 200 g/L glucose to 107.33 ± 5.03 g/L ethanol at 44 C, was deposited to Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) under the accession number 27654.

테라헤르츠 이미징 기술 개발 동향

최다혜,신준환,이의수,문기원,이일민,박동우,김현수,김무건,최경선,박경현,Choi, D.H.,Shin, J.H.,Lee, E.S.,Moon, K.W.,Lee, I.M.,Park, D.W.,Kim, H.S.,Kim, M.G.,Choi, K.S.,Park, K.H. 한국전자통신연구원 2019 전자통신동향분석 Vol.34 No.5

Modern imaging technologies utilizing electromagnetic waves are indispensable in our daily lives. Applications, such as television and smartphone screens, radar imaging for weather forecast, and medical imaging, can be attributed to technology developments in various electromagnetic regions. Terahertz (THz) waves, electromagnetic (EM) waves located between far infrared and microwave regions, had left unexplored EM waves. Recent advances in technology have led to various two-dimensional and three-dimensional THz imaging techniques. In this article, we explain THz imaging techniques as well as the experimental results from our laboratory. Additionally, we introduce commercial THz cameras developed worldwide. Finally, we present the applications of THz imaging techniques.

생성 AI와 AI 창작물 저작권에 대한 사용자의 인식 연구: 사용자 그룹의 차이를 중심으로

최다혜,김정용,한다은,오창훈 국제문화기술진흥원 2023 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.9 No.1

Generative AI systems are expected to be more widely utilized. However, relatively little attention has been paid to understanding how users perceive and accept generative AI results. To identify strategies for increasing the future use of generative AI and prepare for potential issues, we organized design workshop for the general user group and the designer group. They created artwork utilizing Novel AI and semi-structured interview was followed to evaluate their attitudes toward generative AI and its copyright. Results indicate that the general public views generative AI positively, while the design-related group views it quite negatively. The participants expressed concerns as to the misuse the system, specifically related to copyright issues. People who are likely to utilize generative AI outcomes have insisted more strongly that copyrights should be their own. Those working in the design field highly evaluated the possibility of using generative AI in their work. Copyright perceptions were not significantly influenced by users' satisfaction or their level of involvement in the creation process. We discuss design implications for interfaces using generative AI based on the findings. 생성 AI의 시스템의 발전과 다양화로 인해 해당 기술의 결과물의 활용도가 높아질 것으로 예상된다. 이에 생성 AI를 활용하여 창작한 결과물을 어떻게 받아들여야 할지에 대한 사용자의 인식과 태도에 대한 이해가 중요하다. 본 연구는 생성 AI의 추후 활용도를 높이고 발생 가능한 논란에 대비하기 위해 사용자 조사를 진행하였다. 일반 사용자 집단과 디자인 관계자 집단이 참여하였으며, 사용자 관점에서 생성 AI에 대한 태도와 생성 AI를 활용한 창작물의 저작권 인식을 주제로 디자인 워크샵을 진행하였다. 정성 분석 결과, 일반인 집단은 전반적으로 생성 AI 사용에 대해 긍정적인 반면, 디자인 관계자 집단은 부정적인 인식을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 사용자들은 생성 AI의 결과물의 표절과 도용, 저작권 보호 법제화의 현실 가능성에 대한 우려를 표출했다. 한편, 생성 AI 결과물을 활용할 가능성이 높은 그룹일수록 창작자의 저작권 소유를 주장하였으며, 직장인 그룹이 생성 AI의 실무 활용 가능성을 더 높게 평가하였다. 생성 AI 결과물의 개별 만족도와 체감 관여도는 저작권에 직결되는 영향을 주지 않았다.

Reference line-pair values of panoramic radiographs using an arch-form phantom stand to assess clinical image quality

최다혜,최보람,최진우,허경회,이원진,허민석,최순철,이삼선 대한영상치의학회 2013 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.43 No.1

Purpose: This study was performed to suggest reference line-pair values of panoramic images with clinically desirable qualities using an arch-form phantom stand. Materials and Methods: The line-pair test phantom was chosen. A real skull model was selected for setting the arch-form model of the phantom stand. The phantom stand had slits in four regions (incisor, premolar, molar, TMJ). Four raw images of the test phantom in each region and one raw image of the real skull were converted into 50 test phantom images and 50 skull phantom images with various line-pair values. 50 post-processed real skull phantom images were divided into 4 groups and were randomly submitted to 14 evaluators. Image quality was graded on a 4 point scale (1. good, 2. normal, 3. poor but interpretable, and 4. not interpretable). The reference line pair was determined as the first line-pair value scored less than 2 points. Result: The mean scores tended to decrease as the line-pair values increased. The reference line-pair values were 3.19 LP/mm in the incisor, 2.32 LP/mm in the premolar and TMJ, and 1.88 LP/mm in the molar region. Conclusion: Image quality evaluation methods and criteria should be able to assess various regions considering the characteristics of panoramic systems. This study suggested overall and regional reference line-pair values and established a set of standard values for them.

외로움과 스마트폰 중독의 관계에서 정서조절곤란의 매개효과

최다혜,이혜진 한국인지행동치료학회 2017 인지행동치료 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구는 외로움이 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 정서조절의 어려움이 외로움과 스마트폰 중독의 관계를 매개하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국의 남녀 467명을 대상으로 한국판 UCLA 외로움 척도, 스마트폰 중독 척도, 한국판 정서조절곤란 척도를 실시하였다. 상관 분석 결과, 외로움은 스마트폰 중독 및 정서조절곤란의 6가지 요인들과 정적 상관이 있었고, 각 정서조절곤란 요인과 스마트폰 중독도 정적 상관이 있었다. 정서조절곤란 요인들이 외로움과 스마트폰 중독의 관계를 매개하는지 검증한 결과, 성별과 연령을 통제한 후에도 외로움은 스마트폰 중독을 유의하게 예측하였고, 정서조절곤란 요인들은 외로움과 스마트폰 중독의 관계를 완전매개하였다. 정서조절곤란 요인들 중에서는 ‘충동통제곤란’과 ‘정서에 대한 주의와 자각 부족’이 유의한 매개효과를 보였다. 이 같은 결과는 외로움이 정서조절곤란을 통해 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미하며, 특히 외로움과 같은 부정적 정서의 자각이나 통제의 어려움이 스마트폰 중독으로 이끄는 요인임을 시사한다. 이는 스마트폰 중독 개입 시 외로움만을 다루는 것보다 정서조절 능력을 향상시키는 것이 효과적일 수 있다는 임상적 함의를 가진다. 위의 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of emotion regulation difficulties on the relationship between loneliness and smartphone addiction. Participants were 467 men and women who completed the following questionnaires: Korean version of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Korean version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Correlational analyses showed that loneliness was positively related to smartphone addiction as well as six factors of the emotion regulation difficulties, and each emotion regulation difficulties factor was positively associated with smartphone addiction. Multiple regression analyses revealed that emotion regulation difficulties completely mediated the relationship between loneliness and smartphone addiction, even after controlling for sex and age. Among factors of emotion regulation difficulties, ‘impulse control difficulties’ and ‘lack of attention to and awareness of emotions’ had significant mediating effects. These results suggest that loneliness affects smartphone addiction through emotion regulation difficulties, specifically by the lack of awareness or difficulties in controlling negative emotion such as loneliness. This finding has clinical implications such that intervention for smartphone addiction should focus not only on loneliness but also on emotion regulation difficulties. Further implications and limitations of these results are discussed.

결합조직형성 법랑모세포종의 방사선학적 소견 : 증례보고 3례

최다혜,허경회,문제운,이원진,허민석,이삼선,최순철,박관수,Choi Da-Hye,Huh Kyung-Hoe,Moon Je-Woon,Yi Won-Jin,Heo Min-Suk,Lee Sam-Sun,Choi Soon-Chul,Park Kwan-Soo 대한영상치의학회 2006 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.36 No.1

Desmoplastic ameloblastoma is a rare histologic variant of ameloblastoma. It shows important differences in anatomic distribution, histologic appearance, and radiographic findings compared with the general type of ameloblastoma. It is histologically characterized by an abundance of densely collagenous stroma and radiographically a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion. We present three cases of desmoplastic ameloblastoma. All the patients complained on buccal swelling with or without pain and the sites of occurrence were the anterior and the premolar region. Plain radiographs showed mixed radiopaque-radiolucent lesion with ill-defined or diffuse sclerotic margin and no external root resorption. Additionally, CT scans revealetl buccal expansion and relatively well-defined margin of the lesions. The clinical and radiographic features of the presented cases were compared with those of the desmoplastic ameloblastoma in the previous literatures.

Characterization of Biodegradable Hyaluronic acid Microneedle Arrays (MNs) as their Aspect Ratios (ARs)

최다혜,민현규,이승준 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0

Microneedles arrays (MNs) have used for a variety of applications depending on their height. The aim of this study was to extensively investigate to understand the characteristics of MNs on the different aspect ratios (ARs). Thus, biodegradable MNs were constructed to height of less than 750um with an aspect ratio of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 both needle width and top, respectively. And then, their characteristics for ARs were examined by the morphology, mechanical strength, and skin permeability. The shape of the MNs manufactured was verified using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and the skin permeability was measured using commercially available porcine skins. As a result, different mechanical properties of the aspect ratio were identified. Therefore, it may be desirable to design the MNS differently depending on the purpose of applying MNs.

미용산업체 형태에 따른 접객시스템의 필요성과 중요성 인식의 차이 연구

최다혜,조지훈 한국인체미용예술학회 2017 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.18 No.2

With the growth of the beauty industry, beauty services that include all cosmetology activities as well as intangible services have become an important factor directly related to sales, not just the supply of products or services. They are also meaningful in terms of business strategy. Most hospitality-related studies focus on food and hotels, however, and studies on cosmetology-related customer services are rare. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate customer services in cosmetology. For this, a questionnaire comprised of a total of 45 questions (general characteristics of cosmetologists: 8; perception of the need for a hospitality system: 10; perception of the importance of hospitality system: 8’ hospitality system-related education: 8; etc.) was conducted. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis (SPSS 21.0), a reliability test (factor analysis), paired t-test and independent t-test. Among a total of 230 questionnaires, 218 copies were collected and used for analysis. The results found the following: A hospitality system was a basic perception in both beauty salons and aesthetic clinics while it was a fairly new concept in makeup and nail salons. In addition, there has been little hospitality-related education across the cosmetology industry. Therefore, beauty salons and esthetic clinics must work hard to improve quality through continued hospitality education while makeup and nail salons should take greater awareness of its necessity and importance. There are limitations in generalizing the results of this study as Korea’s cosmetology industry trend and further studies on this matter based on the results of this study would make a contribution to the improvement of the hospitality systems.