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“I Never Made / So Sweet a Bargain”
Ji, Seung-a(지승아) 새한영어영문학회 2013 새한영어영문학 Vol.55 No.2
In Thomas Middleton and William Rowley’s The Changeling, attempts to institute patriarchal control come to a double failure: tragic in the main plot and comic in the subplot. As marriage is primarily a family business, a chaste marriage is crucial to the upper class for the legitimate succession of property and the security or advancement of status. For this functional significance of female virginity as a marketed commodity, patriarchal authority dictates chastity in maids, but female sexuality is not entirely under the male control. A virginity test and the surveillance of women per se do not guarantee female chastity and obedience. Virginity is even purchased and faked. This forged virginity reflects the female fear of sexual guilt and responsibility but at the same time, shows how regulatory control over female sexuality is ineffective and ridiculous. Female characters ceaselessly attempt to de-territorialize themselves from masculine enclosure. The impasse of male mistrust and constraints exemplifies Michel Foucault’s argument about the inherent nature of resistance within power. The resilience of female sexual transgression in resistance to masculine power suggests that a boundary between chastity and whoredom is always porous and permeable.
호두 껍데기, 자궁, 그리고 햄릿의 감옥 ―『햄릿』과 매큐언의 『호두 껍데기』
지승아 ( Seung-a Ji ) 21세기영어영문학회 2021 영어영문학21 Vol.34 No.4
This article examines Hamlet’s dilemma that turns his ontological question into an ethical practice in Shakespeare’s Hamlet and its adaptation in McEwan’s Nutshell. As a prequel to Hamlet, Nutshell rethinks Hamlet’s dilemma from the perspective of a nine-month-old fetus Hamlet. Hamlet, who feels trapped in a nutshell, wants to die to end his weary life. On the contrary, the fetus Hamlet, who is enclosed tightly in a womb, has a strong will to live. While Hamlet hesitates to avenge his father’s death because he is skeptical about the ghost’s claims, the fetus Hamlet casts aside his thought of revenge even though he witnesses the murder of his father by his mother and uncle. The fetus Hamlet should acquiesce to the murder to be born safe and free outside the prison. Here is his ethical dilemma between his filial duty and desire to experience the world. Hamlet’s death remains in silence, while the fetus Hamlet’s life remains in chaos. The birth of the fetus Hamlet sets him free from the womb but will bring him ceaseless bad dreams. Although Nutshell can be read as McEwan’s answer to Hamlet’s silence, the fetus Hamlet’s chaos, however, like a Möbius strip, seems to curve back to the enigmatic silence. This claustrophobic loop symbolizes Hamlet’s dilemma from the womb and the prison to the castle Elsinore and the nutshell. The enigmatic silence in Hamlet still leaves us a very tough task to report Hamlet’s tragic narrative properly.
지승은(Seung Eun Ji),장유진(Eu Jean Jang),박천호(Chun Ho Pak) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.2
원예치료가 학문으로 자리잡은 이래, 많은 연구자들이 원예치료의 발전을 위해서 노력해왔고 그에 상응한 많은 연구물들을 내놓았다. 기존의 연구물들과 더불어 또 다시 양산되는 많은 연구물들로 인해 1차적인 자료를 정리하는 2차적인 연구의 필요성이 제기되었고, 본 연구에서는 이러한 필요성에 의하여 원예치료관련 석·박사학위의 총람을 작성하고 분석하였다. 1998년부터 2007년까지 국내원예치료 석·박사학위 논문 총203편을 분석대상으로 분류한 결과, 연도별 연구 추세는 2004년, 2006년, 2007년, 2005년, 2003년, 2002년, 2001년, 1999년, 2000년, 1998년 순으로 나타났고, 원예치료관련 석사학위논문 190편(94%), 박사학위논문 13편(6%)이 발표되었다. 전공별로는 원예치료관련학과 논문이 107편(52.7%), 비관련학과 96편(47.3%)으로 나타났으며 원예치료 관련학과에서는 원예학, 원예치료학, 원예조경학, 원예과학 순으로 나타났고 비관련학과는 교육학, 사회복지학, 디자인학, 의학·간호학, 기타 순으로 나타났다. 연구 방법에서는 양적연구가 105편(51.7%)으로 가장 많았으며 통합적연구 63(31.0%), 질적연구 35편(17.2%)으로 나타났다. 측정도구별 연구동향은 평가지가 365개(78.5%)로 가장 많이 사용되었으며 자가설문지 58(12.5%), 생리적 측정 42개(9.0%)로 나타났다. 203편의 논문에서 사용된 통계도구는 총 343개로 논문 한편당 평균 1.6개의 통계처리가 사용되었으며 통계방법을 유형별로 분류해보면 가장 높은 빈도를 보인 t-test, 기술통계분석, 분산분석, Wilcoxon, Mann-whitney, x², 상관분석 등으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때, 자료분석 방법이 단순한 기술통계보다는 다양한 변인을 고려한 다차원적인 분석을 하는 경향으로 변화되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 원예치료 프로그램 중 공예활동 프로그램이 1676회(43.6%)로 다른 프로그램에 비해서 가장 높은 비율을 보였으며, 재배활동 1542(40.1%), 학습활동 258(6.7%), 요리활동 215(5.6%), 기타활동 150회(3.9%) 순으로 나타났다. 총 시행 회기는 11-20회, 21-30 회, 10회 이하, 31-10 회, 41-50 회, 51회 이상 순으로 나타났으며, 한 주 동안 시행한 횟수는 주 1회, 주 2회, 주3회, 주 5회, 주4회, 기타 순으로 조사되었다. 그리고 한 회기당 시행 시간은 1시간에서 1시간 30분, 1시간 이하, 1시간 30분에서 2시간, 2시간 이상 순으로 나타났다. This study aimed to analyze the study tendency of Korean master’s and doctorate degree dissertations on horticulture therapy and present basic material necessary to establish future Korean studies on horticulture therapy and improve substance quality of studies. A total of 203 Korean master’s and doctorate degree dissertations on horticulture therapy from 1998~2007 were analyzed. There were 203 studies in 1998 (2), 1999 (9), 2000 (7), 2001 (16), 2002 (18), 2003 (19), 2004 (40), 2005 (27), 2006 (33) and 2007 (32). A total of 190 master’s degree dissertations (94%) and 13 doctorate degree dissertations (6%) have been published on the topic. There were 107 dissertations from departments related to horticulture therapy (52.7%) and 96 dissertations from non-related departments (47.3%). For study method, most were quantitative studies with 105 studies (51.7%), and there were 63 studies that combined qualitative and quantitative study methods (31.0%). There were only 35 qualitative studies (17.2%). Study tools were divided into self-made surveys, evaluation sheets and physical measurements. Evaluation sheets were used the most, in 365 studies (78.5%), 58 used self-made surveys (12.5%) and 42 used physical measurements (9.0%). The number of statistical tools used in the 203 dissertations was 342, which means an average of 1.6 tools was used per study. When the statistical methods were divided according to type, the t-test had the highest frequency, followed by technical statistical analysis, one-way analysis, spread analysis, frequency analysis, reliability verification, x², correlation analysis, cross analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis and multivariate analysis. It was used 1,676 times (43.6%). In terms of number of times of execution, 89 studies executed 11-20 times (48.9). 99 studies executed a program once a week (58.9%), the time of one period was 1 hour to 1 and a half hours for 65 studies (57.0%), The tendency of structures where the studies were carried out were schools (74 studies, 37.8%), which were the highest.