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인삼 잿빛곰팡이병균 Botrytis cinerea의 균학적 특성
조혜선(Hye Sun Cho),전용호(Yong Ho Jeon),도경란(Gyung-Ran Do),조대휘(Dae-Hui Cho),유연현(Yun-Hyun Yu) 고려인삼학회 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.1
인삼 고년생 결주의 주원인으로 작용하는 잿빛곰팡이병 방제을 위한 기초 연구로 병원균을 분리, 동정하고 이들의 균학적 특성을 구명하였다. 잿빛곰팡이병반으로부터 균을 분리하여 분생포자의 형태적 특징을 관찰하고 RPB2 유전자의 염기서열 분석을 실시한 결과 분리균은 Botrytis cinerea로 동정되었다. 균핵을 이용한 병원성 검정 결과 공시한 3균주 중 1균주는 병원성, 2 균주는 비병원성을 나타내었다. 주사전자현미경으로 균핵을 관찰한 결과 병원성 균주는 표면이 주름지고 거친 반면 비병원성 균주는 매끈하였다. 균핵 형성은 5~20℃, 암 상태에서 양호하였으며, 0.5% 고죽을 첨가한 배지에서 10배 정도 증가하였다. A total of 29 Botrytis were isolated from ginseng gray mold at 8 locations in Korea from June to July, 2004 and 2005. The causative agent of them was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on morphological characteristics of conidia and RPB2 gene sequence analysis. In inoculation experiments with sclerotia, one isolate was pathogenic to ginseng plant whereas two isolates were non-pathogenic. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the sclerotia of pathogenic isolate has rough surface and that of non-pathogenic isolate very smooth surface. Optimum temperature and culture conditions for sclerotia production were 5~20℃ and darkness, respectively. The number of sclerotia was increased tenfold on media added with 0.5% old stem fragment of ginseng.
조혜선(Cho Hye Sun) 현대문법학회 1998 현대문법연구 Vol.14 No.-
This paper shows that all the functions of English demonstratives that previous linguists have noted, such as denoting the spatial and temporal relationship to the speaker, referring anaphorically and cataphorically in discourse, expressing the speaker’s emotion, and indicating focus or the degree of attention on the referent, can be accounted for as extension of their basic semantic features, ‘proximal/distal’. The reason why the linguists assign so many different uses to demonstratives is that they take the whole linguistic environment where the demonstratives are used as the meaning of demonstratives. However, this paper suggests that demonstratives do not have separate meanings such as expressing sympathy, solidarity, empathy, sharedness, closeness, etc. This seeming versatility of demonstratives is a result of the extension of the basic spatial meanings of the demonstratives to the discourse contexts where they are used. That is, the proper demonstrative choice can be established by the result of the interaction of the semantics of these demonstratives and pragmatics.
인삼줄기버섯파리(신칭) Phytosciara procera에 의한 피해 실태 보고
신정섭(Jung Sup Shin),조대휘(Dae-Hui Cho),조혜선(Hye Sun Cha),김황용(Hwang-Yang Kim),이흥식(Hung Sik Lee) 고려인삼학회 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.4
최근 2005년 파주 6년생 포지를 시작으로 철원, 영월, 괴산 등지에서 정체불명의 해충이 인삼 줄기 속을 파고들어 피해를 주는 현상이 빈번하여, 해당 해충을 채집하여 동정한 결과 국내 미기록종인 Phytosciara procera(신칭: 인삼줄기버섯 파리)인 것으로 확인되었다. 이 해충은 이번 연구를 통해 처음으로 인삼 해충으로 기록되는 종이며, 검정날개버섯파리과 (Sciaridae) 곤충 중에서 인삼 해충이 확인된 것도 세계 최초이다. 인삼줄기버섯파리에 의한 피해로 추정되는 증상은 1993년 경기도 용인의 6년생 인삼 포지에서 처음으로 확인되었다. 당시 피해주율이 25%에 이르고 경작자가 막대한 경제적 손실을 입었지만, 명확한 동정 결과를 얻지 못하였고 피해 실태도 정확히 밝히지 못했었다. 인삼줄기버섯파리는 인삼의 화경, 줄기 부분에서 산란하며, 유충이 줄기 내부를 파고 섭식하여 고사시키는 해충인데, 인삼줄기버섯파리가 만든 상처는 세균의 2차 감염 통로로 이용될 수 있기 때문에 결과적으로 줄기 속무름병의 발생에도 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 인삼줄기 버섯파리 성충이 많이 발생하는 시기는 두 차례로 7월 하순 부터 8월 상순 사이와 8월 하순부터 9월 상순 사이로 조사되었다. 인삼의 화경제거시 열매를 잔존시켜 건전한 형태로 남겨두거나 피해줄기를 조기에 제거하는 등의 경종적 방제를 이용하면, 인삼줄기버섯파리에 의한 피해가 확산되는 것을 방지할 수 있을 것으로 기대되지만, 아직 이 해충에 대한 생리, 생태 연구가 미흡한 만큼 기초 조사와 방제대책 수립을 위한 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. Ginseng stem fungus gnat, Phytosciara procera, is reported as a ginseng pest for the first time. It is new to science that a member of the family Sciaridae is a ginseng pest. In our observation, larvae of the gnat can penetrate the stem of ginseng, and then they make a shaft in shoot and root. Number of adults captured by yellow sticky traps were peaked in twice, from late July to early August and from late August to early September. In a ginseng field, 29.7% of ginseng damaged by Phytosciara procera is also infected by bacterial disease caused by Erwinia carotobora. However, there is a possibility on environmental-friendly control, as a result of decreasing effect of damage over 85% when remaining a part of bem on peduncle than tatally remove.
Rhizoctonia solani에 의한 인삼 모잘록병 방제용 종자처리 약제 선발
신정섭(Jeong-Seop Shin),이승환(Seung-Hwan Lee),조혜선(Hye-Sun Cho),조대휘(Dae-Hui Cho),김경주(Kyoung-Ju Kim),홍태균(Tae-Kyun Hong),박철수(Chol-Soo Park),이성계(Seong-Kye Lee),정희영(Hee-Young Jung) 한국농약과학회 2015 농약과학회지 Vol.19 No.4
Damping-off is a critical disease on ginseng seedling, which caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. The disease has been prevented by tolclofos-methyl for the last 20 years. However, the tolclofos-methyl usually detected on the harvested roots of 6-year-old ginseng. Herein, we tried to select an alternative pesticide which not only must be safe but also efficiently inhibits the fungal pathogen. Four fungicides (fludioxonil, flutolanil, pencycuron, and thifluzamide) were applied to their inhibition efficacy against the pathogen. In in vitro test, fludioxonil treatment showed 80% inhibition activity for 25 days. Thifluzamide and flutolanil showed the activity for 10 days. Pencycuron showed for 1 days. In addition, the fludioxonil was more effective to control the pathogen comparing to other three fungicides in field. The incidence of damping-off was reduced to 71% by fludioxonil treatment. The level of the fungicide residue in seedling was 0.44 mg/kg, which value will be a negligible level in final products after 5 years. Consequently, the fludioxonil is a conceivable alternative for tolclofos-methyl to cope with R. solani.
인삼재배지에서 인삼줄기버섯파리경(Phytosciara procera)의 친환경 방제
서미자(Mi-Ja Seo),신효섭(Hyo-Seob Shin),곽창순(Chang-Soon Gawk),조신혁(Shin-Hyuk Jo),조혜선(Hye Sun Cho),신정섭(Jung-Sup Shin),조대후(Dae-Hui Cho),윤영남(Young-Nam Youn),유용만(Yong-Man Yu) 한국농약과학회 2011 농약과학회지 Vol.15 No.4
The ginseng stem fungus gnat, Phytosciara procera, overwintered in old stems and roots of ginseng as a larvae from late September to early May in next year. In the late Spring they become pupa then emerged. Therefore, the first control period has to be set between late May and early June. It is a same period of elimination of ginseng flower stalks. Two or three times pest control might be needed per month for controlling adult of P. procera. Otherwise, the overwintered form as larva in old stem by removal of old stems of ginseng, the population of first generation of P. procera adults could be reduced. However, it seemed that the removal of old stems was not necessarily correlated with the population of P. procera adults in the next generation. Three kinds of environmental-friendly control agents that were mainly contained sophora extract, showed the highly insecticidal activities against larva of P. procera. Among them, one agent containing sophora extract and paraffin oil showed an ovicidal action as well as oviposition repellency.
조혜선 한국커뮤니케이션학회 1999 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.7 No.1
This study suggests that euphemism constitutes a pragmatic choice by the language user in euphemistic communication. We cover three main devices speakers can take for euphemisms: figurative expressions, circumlocutions and irrelevant expressions. We show a close collaboration between the Cooperative Principle's maxims of conversation (Grice 1975) and the Politeness Principle (Leech 1983) by giving politeness a higher rating than cooperation in the interpretation of euphemisms. It is also considered that situational factors affect the permissibility of certain modes of euphemistic expressions, and then cause the expressions to evolve in the course of time and new euphemisms emerge to replace the old ones. More importantly, we argue that euphemisms in English and Korean flout one or two of the maxims of conversation, thus giving rise to Particularized Conversational Implicatures. Consequently, floutings are noted to play a crucial pragmatic role in lexical choices as well as their well-established roles in structural and discoursal choices.