완효성 피복요소의 수중/토양중 용출 특성 및 피복물질의 토양중 분해

조주식,강병화,하병연,손보균,정연규,김필주,이성태,허종수 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.2001 No.-

중금속내성균의 세포내 중금속 분포

조주식,이원규,최형섭,허종수 ( Ju Sik Cho,Won Kyu Lee,Hyoung Sub Choi,Jong Soo Heo ) 한국환경농학회 1997 한국환경농학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Heavy metal-tolerant microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas putida, P. aeruginosa, P. chlororaphis and P. stutzeri which possessed the ability to accumulate cadmium, lead, zinc and copper, respectively, were isolated from industrial wastewaters and mine wastewaters polluted with various heavy metals. The distribution of heavy metal in the cell components, and amino acid compositions, was investigated. The distribution of heavy metal in the cell fractions of each heavy metal-tolerant microorganism grown for 20 hours in the basal medium containing 100㎎/ℓ of each heavy metal was investigated. In the case of cadmium-tolerant P. putida, lead-tolerant P. aeruginosa and copper-tolerant P. stutzeri, approximately 50∼60%, 30∼40% and 10∼ 17% of each heavy metal absorbed were distributed to cell wall, cell membrane and cytoplasm fractions, respectively. In the case of zinc-tolerant P. chlororaphis, approximately 32%, 55% and 13% of zinc were distributed to cell wall, cell membrane and cytoplasm fractions, respectively. These results indicated that the cell wall was a major adsorbing fraction of cadmium, lead and copper, and the cell membrane was that of zinc. Total amino acid content per gram of the cell grown in the culture media with heavy metal was higher than that of the cell grown in the. culture media without heavy metal, and the content of acidic amino acids, such as aspartic acid(Asp.+Asn.) and glutamic acid(Glu.+Gln.) was higher than that of basic amino acids, such as histidine, lysine and arginine.

아연 내성균의 균체내 아연 축적특성 및 균체내 축적된 아연의 회수

조주식,한문규,이홍재,허종수 한국환경과학회 1996 한국환경과학회지 Vol.5 No.3

This study was performed to develop the biological treatment technology of wastewater polluted with heavy metals. Zinc-tolerant microorganism, such as Pseudomonas chlororaphis which possessed the ability to accumulate zinc, was isolated from industrial wastewaters polluted with various heavy metals. The characteristics of zinc accumulation in the cells, recovery of the zinc from the cells accumulating zinc, were investigated. Removal rate of zinc from the solution containing 100 ㎎/ℓ of zinc by zinc-tolerant microorganism was more than 90% at 48 hours after inoculation of the microorganisms. A large number of the electron-dense granules were found mainly on the cell wall and membrane fractions, when determined by transmission electron microscope. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the electron-dense granules were zinc complex with the substances binding heavy metals. The zinc accumulated into cells was not desorbed by distilled water, but more than 80% of the zinc accumulated was desorbed by 0.1M-EDTA. The residues of the cells after combustion at 550℃ amounted to about 21% of the dry weight of the cells. EDS analysis showed that the residues were comparatively pure zinc compounds containing more than 79% of zinc.

카드뮴 내성균 ( Pseudomonas putida ) 의 균체내 카드뮴 축적특성 및 균체내 축적된 카드뮴의 회수

조주식,임영성,허종수 ( Ju Sik Cho,Yeong Sung Lim,Jong Soo Heo ) 한국물환경학회 1997 한국물환경학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Cadmium-tolerant bacteria, Pseudomonas putida which possessed the ability to accumulate cadmium, was isolated from mine wastewater polluted with various heavy metals. The characteristics of cadmium accumulation in the cells, recovery of the cadmium from the cells accumulating cadmium, were investigated. Removal rate of cadmium from the solution containing 100㎎/ℓof cadmium by Pseudomonas putida was more than 87% at 48 hours after inoculation of the cells. A large number of the electron-dense granules were found mainly on the cell wall and cell membrane fractions, when determined by transmission electron microscope. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the electron-dense granules were cadmium complex with the substances binding cadmium. The cadmium accumulated into the cells was not desorbed by distilled water, but more than 80% of the cadmium accumulated was desorbed by 0.1M-EDTA solution. The residues of the cells after combustion at 550% amounted to about 21% of the dry weight of the cells. EDS analysis showed that the residues were comparatively pure cadmium compound containing more than 81% of cadmium.

고분자 피복 완효성 비료 시용이 수도 생육 및 토양 물리·화학성 변화에 미치는 영향

조주식,강관호,하병연,손보균,이영한,김필주,이홍재,허종수 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2001 No.5

중금속내성균의 중금속 축적에 미치는 외부요인의 영향

조주식,이홍재,이원규,허종수 ( Ju Sik Cho,Hong Jae Lee,Won Kyu Lee,Jong Soo Heo ) 한국환경농학회 1997 한국환경농학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study was performed to develop the biological treatment technology of wastewater polluted with heavy metals. Heavy metal-tolerant microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas putida, P. aeruginosa, P. chlororaphis and P. stutzeri possessing the ability to accumulate cadmium, lead, zinc and copper, respectively, were isolated from industrial wastewater and mine wastewater polluted with various heavy metals. The effect of several external factors, such as temperature, pH and heavy metal compounds on heavy metal accumulation in the cells was investigated. The amount of heavy metal accumulation into cells according to the kind of heavy metal compound was slightly increased in the case of the heavy metal compound with -nitrate group, but generally, there is little change according to the kind of compound in the amount of heavy metal accumulation. The amount of heavy metal accumulation according to the precultured time was increased in the case of the cell precultured for 24 hours, but generally the precultured time did not affect to the amount of heavy metal accumulation. Heavy metal accumulation into cells was affected by several external factors, such as temperature and pH. The optimum temperature and optimum pH of the accumulation of heavy metal into cells were 20∼37℃ and pH 6∼8, respectively. By increasing the concentration of each heavy metal-tolerant microorganism in the solution, the total amount of heavy metal accumulated was increased, whereas the amount of heavy metal accumulated per cell(㎎, heavy metal/g, dry cells) was decreased. These results indicated that the amount of heavy metal accumulated was not proportional to the concentration of microorganisms.

Binding sites of heavy metal in heavy metal - tolerant microorganisms

조주식,이성태,허종수 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 1995 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1995 No.1

카드뮴 내성균의 (耐性菌) 분리 , 동정 및 균체내 카드뮴 축적 특성

조주식,한문규,허종수 ( Ju Sik Cho,Mun Gyu Han,Jong Soo Heo ) 한국환경농학회 1992 한국환경농학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Of the cadmium-tolerant 162 bacterial strains isolated from soils, river waters or active sludges of waste-water disposal plants in the Gyeongnam province a strain C1, which showed considerably higher growth rate in the agar plate containing 2000 ppm than any other strains isolated, was identified as a Pseudomonas putida or its similar strain when analyzed by taxonomical characteristics. Optimum pH and temperature for the growth of the P, putida were 7.0 and 30℃, respectively. This strain was resistant to antibiotics(ampicillin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin), and heavy metals(lithium, cupper, lead and zinc). This strain utilized salicylate, naphthalene or xylene as a sole carbon source. The rate of cadmium accumulation in P. putida cell was enhanced at low concentration of Cd in the growth media. The maximum cadmium absorption by this strain grown in 1 and l0ppm of Cd was respectively 78% and 60% 24 hrs after culture, but in 100 ppm Cd, 40% 48 hrs after culture. Addition of a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100(0.1%) to the medium enhanced the accumulation of cadmium in the P. putida up to approximately 37%.

물리화학적 전처리에 의한 중금속 내성세균의 균체내 중금속 축적 변화

조주식,이홍재,허종수 ( Ju Sik Cho,Hong Jae Lee,Jong Soo Heo ) 한국환경농학회 1997 한국환경농학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Heavy metal-tolerant microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas putida, P. aeruginosa, P. chlororaphis and P. stutzeri which possessed the ability to accumulate cadmium, lead, zinc and copper, respectively, were isolated from industrial wastewaters and mine wasewaters polluted with various heavy metals. Metal binding sites in the cells were investigated by extracting the components of the cells through pretreatments with hot water, acid, alkli, chloroform-methanol or chloroform-methanol/concentrated alkali. The heavy metal accumulation was drastically decreased by pretreatment with alkali or chloroform-methanol/concentrated alkali, but the heavy metal accumulation was not changed by pretreatment with chloroform-methanol. The amount of heavy metal accumulation was remarkably decreased by decreasing crude protein remaining in the cell. These results suggested that proteins of cell components played an important role on the heavy metal accumulation.

중금속내성균의 중금속 축적에 미치는 경쟁이온 및 대사저해제의 영향

조주식,이홍재,허종수 ( Ju Sik Cho,Hong Jae Lee,Jong Soo Heo ) 한국환경농학회 1997 한국환경농학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study was performed to develop the biological treatment technology of wastewater polluted with heavy metals. Heavy metal-tolerant microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas putida, P. aeruginosa, P. chlororaphis and P. stutzeri possessing the ability to accumulate cadmium, lead, zinc and copper, respectively, were isolated from industrial wastewaters and mine wastewaters polluted with various heavy metals. The effect of competing ions and metabolic inhibitors on heavy metal accumulation in the cells was investigated. Heavy metal accumulation into cells was drastically decreased in the presence of competing cation, Al^(3+), and also decreased, at a lesser extent, in the presence of competing anions, CO_3^(2-) and PO_4^(2-). But heavy metal accumulation was not influenced generally in the presence of the other rations and anions. The accumulation of Cd, Zn or Cu by Cd-, Zn- or Cu-tolerant microorganism was remarkably decreased in the presence of metabolic inhibitors, but the accumulation of Pb by Pb-tolerant microorganism was little affected in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. These results suggested that the accumulation of Cd, Zn or Cu by Cd-, Zn- or Cu-tolerant microorganism was concerned with the biological activity depending on energy, and the accumulation of Pb by Pb-tolerant microorganism depended on not the biological activity but the physical adsorption on the cell surface. Each heavy metal-tolerant microorganism also exhibited some ability to accumulate the other heavy metals in solution containing equal concentrations of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper, when measured at 48 hours after inoculation of the microorganisms, but the accumulation rates were somewhat low as compared to the accumulation rates of heavy metal fitting to each tolerance. These results suggested that the accumulation of each heavy metal by each heavy metal-tolerant microorganism was a selective accumulation process.