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조영래,장현순,김원,박선영,손의동 대한약리학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.5
It is well-known that electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contraction is mediated by a cholinergic mechanism and other neurotransmitters. NO, ATP, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P are released by EFS. To investigate the purinergic mechanism involved in the EFS-induced contraction, purinegic receptors antagonists were used. Suramine, a non-selective P2 receptor antagonist,reduced the contraction induced by EFS. NF023 (10−7∼10−4 M), a selective P2X antagonist, inhibited the contraction evoked by EFS. Reactive blue (10−6∼10−4 M), selective P2Y antagonist, also blocked the contraction in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, P2X agonist α,β-methylene 5'-adenosine triphosphate (αβMeATP, 10−7∼10−5 M) potentiated EFS-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner. P2Y agonist adenosine 5'-[β -thio]diphosphate trilithium salt (ADPβS, 10−7∼10−5 M) also potentiated EFS-induced contractions in a dose-dependent manner. Ecto-ATPase activator apyrase (5and 10 U/ml) reduced EFS-induced contractions. Inversely, 6-N,N-diethyl-D-β,γ- dibromomethylene 5'-triphosphate triammonium (ARL 67156, 10−4 M) increased EFS-induced contraction. These data suggest that endogenous ATP plays a role in EFS-induced contractions which are mediated through both P2X-receptors and P2Y-receptors stimulation in cat esophageal smooth muscle.
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바람의 난류에 대한 장대교량의 버페팅 응답 검토를 위한 수치해석
조영래,조재영,이학은 한국풍공학회 2006 한국풍공학회지 Vol.10 No.1
This study is focused on the buffeting response of a long span bridge in turbulent wind in the frequency domain, which may cause the fatigue and serviceability problems. In this paper, the power spectral density and elemental internal forces of the bridge structure are computed using the finite element method and random vibration theory. Development of computational codes for simulation of buffeting response analysis is presented. Several examples are simulated using the method presented in this study. The first example is considered a simply supported beam structure and compared with Scanlan’s method. It can be seen that the results of the present method have very good agreement. Finally, development of computational code is applied to two span continuous cable-stayed bridge. 본 연구는 바람의 난류에 의한 장대교량의 피로 및 사용성에 문제를 야기시킬수 있는 버페팅 현상에 대해 주파수 영역에서의 해석적 연구를 수행하였으며, 유한요소방법과 램던 이론에 의해 바람의 파워스펙트럼, 변동특성 및 교량 구조물의 응답을 산정하였다. 바람의 난류에 의한 버페팅 응답을 해석할 수 있는 전산 해석기술을 개발하였으며, 개발된 해석 프로그램을 통하여 예제를 수행하였다. 단순지지된 보 구조물에 대한 버페팅 응답을 수행하였으며, Scanlan의 해석방법과 비교, 검토한 결과 잘 일치하였다. 끝으로 2경간 연속 사장교에 대한 해석을 수행하였다.
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조영래,조재영,이학은 한국풍공학회 2007 한국풍공학회지 Vol.11 No.1
공기역학적 현상중에서 물체에 작용하는 외부 공기력이 존재하지 않더라도 주기적인 물체의 진동에 의해 발생되는 유체에너지로부터 공기력이 생성된다. 이러한 메커니즘에 위해 생성되는 공기력을 자발공기력(self excited force)이라 하며 플러터 계수에 의해 산정된다. 유체흐름에서 발생되는 진동은 유속이 작은 경우, 교량 단면에 생기는 미소 교란으로 인하여 탄성진동이 발생하여도 교량의 진동에 따라 일어나는 공기력에 의해 감쇠된다. 하지만 유속이 증가하여 임계 풍속에 도달하면 교량은 부감쇠를 가지게되며 무한발산을 하게되며 결국 파괴에 이르게된다. 본 논문에서는 준정상 가정을 바탕으로 교량단면의 공기역학적 계수를 산정하며 기존 연구자들에 의해 제안된 산출식과 비교하고자 한다. 또한 대상단면(단면 1)에 대한 실험적 해석을 통해 각 연구자들의 산출식을 비교하였다. Movement-induced excitation (MIE) is due to aerodynamic forces that arise from movements of the vibration body oscillator. Even without an external exciting aerodynamic force, a body oscillator may undergo sustained vibration if there is an energy source from which the oscillator can extract energy during each cycle of free movement. Vibrations of this type are called self-excited and are related to aeroelastic instability. At a critical wind speed, commonly referred to as the negative damping threshold, this is related with aerodynamic derivatives obtained in static wind tunnel tests. In this paper, aerodynamic derivatives depend on the MIE mechanism are briefly described and a comparison researches on flutter derivatives based on the quasi-steady assumption are introduced from the point of aerodynamic force coefficients related with the aerodynamic derivatives. To compare the relation of aerodynamic and flutter derivatives, wind tunnel tests(sec-1) have been carried out on spring suspended section models.
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Impact of Competency of Consulting Company on Business Performance: Focus on Franchise Companies
조영래,김문명,서민교 한국프랜차이즈경영학회 2020 프랜차이즈경영연구 Vol.11 No.2
Purpose - The purpose of this study was to structurally verify how the competency of consulting company affects the business performance of consulting client firms through consulting achievement and consulting utilization. It aims to provide information for successful consulting and suggest strategic measures to improve consulting performance. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examines the structural relationship between competency of consulting company, consulting performance, and performance of consulting client firms. In this model, competency of consulting company consists of three sub-dimensions such as reputation, ability to perform business, and expertise. For these purposes, research model and hypotheses were developed. This survey was conduct ed for employees of companies that have experienced consulting in the past year. A total of 195 were used for this study. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and SEM with SPSS 18.0 and Amos 18.0 statistical program. Result – The results of this study are as follows. First, reputation, ability to perform business and expertise, which are sub-dimensions of consulting competence, was found to have positive effect on consulting achievements and also found to have a positive effect on utilization. Second, consulting performance was found to have positive effects on business performance of consulting client firms. It means that the management's willingness to utilize consulting results and the achievements of consulting performance have a positive effect on the company's management performance. Conclusions – Consulting firms need to perform customer-oriented consulting by accurately recognizing what management consulting is required by the client firms. The academic significance of this study was that the research was conducted through structural empirical analysis, not only from the relationship of competency of consulting company to consulting performance, but also to the relationship of business performance of client firms. In addition, the practical implication of this study is that clients can actively utilize the results of consulting to lead business performance.
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