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Reference Intervals for Bone Turnover Markers in Korean Healthy Women
조동혁,정진욱,Min-Young Chung,Jeong-Ran Cho,정동진 대한골대사학회 2020 대한골대사학회지 Vol.27 No.1
Background: Adequate suppression of bone turnover rate is important to decrease fracture risk without mineralization defect due to oversuppression. This study was performed to determine reference intervals (RIs) for 2 bone turnover markers, serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin, in Korean women. Methods: A total of 461 Korean women (287 premenopausal and 174 postmenopausal) without any disease or drug history affecting bone metabolism was included. Serum CTX and osteocalcin were measured after overnight fasting. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the 1st to 4th lumbar vertebra using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subjects with normal spinal BMD (T-score ≥-1.0) were included in this study. Results: After stable concentrations were maintained, both CTX and osteocalcin were abruptly increased in 50 to 59 years, and then decreased with increasing age. Median levels and interquartile range of serum CTX and osteocalcin in all subjects were 0.322 (0.212-0.461) ng/mL and 15.68 (11.38-19.91) ng/mL. RIs for serum CTX and osteocalcin in all subjects were 0.115 to 0.861 ng/mL and 6.46 to 36.76 ng/mL. Those were higher in postmenopausal women (CTX, 0.124-1.020 ng/mL, osteocalcin, 5.42-41.57 ng/mL) than in premenopausal women (CTX, 0.101-0.632 ng/mL, osteocalcin, 6.73-24.27 ng/mL). If we use target reference levels as lower half of premenopausal 30 to 45 years in patients with antiresorptive drugs, those were 0.101 to 0.251 ng/mL and 6.40 to 13.36 ng/mL. Conclusions: We established RIs for serum CTX and osteocalcin in healthy Korean women with normal lumbar spine BMD. Premenopausal RIs for serum CTX and osteocalcin would be useful to monitor patients with low bone mass using osteoporosis drugs.
노트북 시스템의 Fan 작동점 평가를 통한 수치 해석 모델의 활용
조동혁(Donghyuk Cho),정재준(Jaejun Jung),강문구(Munku Kang),최동준(Dongjun Choi),안병덕(Byeong Duk An) 대한기계학회 2023 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11
Fan’s operating point is so important factor in the notebook system because it affect on the flow rate of forced convection cooling system. In this paper, the operating point from the system impedance and the P-Q curve of a fan at determined Fan speed was evaluated through experiments. The accuracy of the numerical CAE model’s operating point was verified by this result and the effect of the open ratio in the system inlet was evaluated with this numerical CAE model and suggested the saturation point of the open ratio.
조동혁 ( Dong-hyuk Cho ) 대한내과학회 2023 대한내과학회지 Vol.98 No.2
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors constitute a class of diabetes medications that have demonstrated the potential to improve outcomes for heart failure (HF) patients. Although they were originally developed to treat diabetes, clinical trials have demonstrated their ability to both reduce the risk and improve the prognosis of HF. SGLT2 inhibitors have unique mechanisms of action, including improvement of water retention and promotion of lipolysis, which contribute to their effectiveness in treating HF. They are considered essential primary treatment options for patients with HF, regardless of diabetes status and ejection fraction. Overall, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with HF is expected to increase in the future and may further improve treatment outcomes for HF patients. (Korean J Med 2023;98:59-63)
유전 알고리즘을 이용한 매입형 영구자석 동기전동기의 최적 설계
조동혁(D. H. Cho),심동준(D. J. Sim),천장성(J. S. Chun),정현교(H. K. Jung) 한국자기학회 1996 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.6 No.4
Air gap flux density and d, q axis inductances of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor obtained by equivalent magnetic circuit method are compensated using results from Finite Element Method. For optimal design, the efficiency of the motor is taken as the objective function, and Genetic Algorithm finds the value of design parameters which maximize the objective function. The result of optimal designed motor is examined by comparison with proto-type motor.