판단사 형성과정에서 ‘是’의 형식적 특징

정현애 한국중국언어문화연구회 2007 한중언어문화연구 Vol.- No.13

Distinctive Characteristic of Shi(是) in Forming Process of copula

한국어 `안`과 `속`, 중국어 `리(里)`와 `중(中)`의 대조연구

정현애 한국중문학회 2017 중국문학연구 Vol.0 No.68

While learning a foreign language, most learners go through the process comparing their mother tongue rules and the learning foreign langue`s rules. Korean nouns of `안`, `속` and Chinese localizer `里` and `中` are words where the container schema operates in the same way. To find out what rules these words in the both languages use may be a work practically to contribute for Korean learners who make frequently errors in separately using Chinese localizer. A container is a vessel containing a thing or an action in its unique inner space. The inner space is the place being separated from the outer area by a boundary line. The words having such a feature is expanded into the category to be conceived as the `container`, by the analogy as well as a practical vessel, that is into an abstractive area. The Korean noun `안` charges the function directing the inside area of boundary line by integrating various containers. And among the four localizers, this word can be only used even in the category of `domain` which is separated into the both areas by a boundary line. If there may be an area being separated into the both sub-areas by a boundary line, the one sub-area can be marked as the word of `안`. In spite of integrating with various containers (vessels), the Korean noun `속` is a localizer indicating a material composing its inside and the environment, rather than the space of container, itself. So, the noun of `속` is well integrated with the abstractive container, that is, the vessel containing a story as well as a practical vessel. Because of its meaning feature which concentrates on the surrounded condition, that is the center, the word of `속` is also harmonized with the words meaning a group of things or a state, not a container. A Chinese localizer `里` forming a strong correspondence relation with a practical vessel shows very similar feature with the Korean word `안`, but it showed the decisive difference from the latter words in that the Chinese word is not used in the area of `domain`. Although it is a component being classified as a container-directional noun, the Chinese word of `中` is identified as that it is rarely used in a sentence showing strong spatiality in real language data. But for the fact, the Chinese word of `中` shows very similar pattern with the Korean word of `속` in that the Chinese word can be integrated with an analogic container and nouns meaning non-container.

현대중국어 동사카피구조 사용조건 -정도보어문장을 중심으로

정현애 한국중문학회 2013 중국문학연구 Vol.0 No.52

動詞拷貝結構是能使賓語和補語共現於一個句子的形式之一, 與把字句和話題化有着密切的關係, 於是學習者應予以注意。 情態補語句的動詞拷貝結構與話題化、把字句有何語義上的區別 說話者用情態補語句的形式來陳述對於在‘V得’前面的成分進行觀察的結果, 旣‘V得’前面出現的成分則是說話者所關心的對象。 在話題化形式與把字句裡, 說話者陳述的對象均是賓語, 區別在於主體行爲的有意和無意。 據此類推, 動詞拷貝結構是說話者以動作的主體和他的行爲爲對象進行陳述的形式。 總而言之, 句子裡出現的所有成分都表達出自己的存在意義, 動詞拷貝結構的前一動詞也不例外, 幷非爲了解決‘賓補爭動’矛盾而出現的。

방위사 ‘上’의 의미확장 과정과 기제

정현애 중국어문학연구회 2018 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.108

Modern Chinese localizer forms a noun phrase of locality by being attached to a noun, indicating the direction, position, or scope with the word as a reference point. Differently from other localizer which indicate concrete position and direction, ‘Shang(上)’ extends its meaning to a specific situation, space-time, abstract field or scope. An example to explain a specific situation is a combination with a traffic means. Localizer, mainly combined with 3D form object, is ‘Li(里)’, however the proportion of combination between traffic means and localizer ‘Shang(上)’ appeared in overwhelming majority. As the result of investigation, traffic means was mainly combined with ‘Shang(上)’ ‘while transporting’, while mainly with ‘Li(里)’ when it was utilized as ‘bowl’ expressly. Accordingly, ‘Shang(上)’ reminded of a ‘specific situation’ instead of location relation. Semantic leap of ‘indication of a specific situation’ is enabled by the metonymy, rather than the metaphor insisted by the existing researchers. Metonymy is to activate the ‘situation’ of operation of the relevant traffic means in respect of the traffic means combined with ‘Shang(上)’, considering ‘a cognitive phenomenon that B activates A’. Such metonymy can be confirmed with the connection in the use of combination between ‘Shang(上)’ and the devices as TV, computer, etc. The form of ‘在电视上看到’, ‘在电脑上看’ has the premise of the state of ‘power ON’ in common. Meaning extension of ‘Shang(上)’ covers the activation of time-space. ‘在会议上’,‘在课上’,‘在宴会上’ activate time-space that the nouns such as ‘conference’, ‘class’, ‘party’ connote.

현대중국어 방위사 上과 한국어의 대응양상 대조

정현애 중국어문연구회 2018 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.90

Localizers mean the words which show directions or locations. Chinese specializes non-spatial words by using localizers when they indicate the meanings of space. The representative localizer used at this time is ‘shang (上)’. On the other hand, there are the cases that the words which indicate the meanings of locations are not the essential elements of the construction of the sentences in Korean. ‘wi (위)’ is one of them. Learners of the two languages have frequently made the mistake of using the localizer ‘shang (上)’ and ‘wi (위)’ in the processes of learning the foreign languages because of the characteristics of native languages. ‘Wi’ of the Korean word which is often omitted in the process to be translated into Chinese because it is not the essential syntactic element was required to be compared with ‘shang (上)’ of Chinese which is difficult to find the one-to-one relationship with it except the meaning of specific locations because it is combined with various reference objects and the rules were needed to be found. The basic meaning of the X shang form indicates specific locations. The meaning of this form was changed to indicate abstract properties. In the process to be changed, metonymy was found to act as the mechanism. On the one hand, all the cases that ‘X wi’ was created in the Korean form which responds to Chinese ‘X shang’ intended to indicate a high position on the basis of reference objects of ‘the top and bottom structure’. And in other cases, it could optionally be omitted or the possibility of being use itself is excluded. The cases which represent the figurative top and bottom structure without indicating actual locations can be interpreted into expanding the meaning by metaphor.

“~에게” 의미 개사구와 술어 비교연구- “對”, “給” “向”을 중심으로-

정현애 한국중국언어학회 2014 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.54

對于學習者來說,現代漢語的介詞是學習難點之一。尤其,因引介對象的介詞``對``、``給``、``向``都能飜成韓文"~에게",韓國人學習介詞時,容易産生偏誤,應予以注意。該三種介詞的區別主要體現于與謂語的搭配,具體如下;``. 與``對``介詞短語搭配的謂語主要描寫主語的形狀、態度、心理狀態等,語義指向主語。主語與``對``的賓語之間一直存在的距離,決不拉近。;. ``給``介詞短語與謂語之間的語義結構근動詞``給``與雙賓語之間形成的相同,就像向某一對象提供某一東西一樣,``給``介詞句的主語對``給``的賓語産生某一行爲的影響。其對象也像接受某一東西一樣,不在動作完成的過程中扮演任何角色,只是接受動作行爲的結果而已。. 與介詞``向``搭配的謂語근其他兩個介詞的情況不同,需要某一特定的``對象``,缺乏他的合作就不能完成謂語所要表達的動作。可以說,該特定的``對象``是此一謂語的``義素``。

시간의 공간은유 한(韓),중(中) 대조 -한국어 앞/뒤와 중국어 전(前)/후(後)를 중심으로-

정현애 한국중국언어학회 2013 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.49

時間是人類認知中的壹個基本槪念。由於時間的抽象性,我們對時間的理解和槪念化幷不是純時間的,而是借助較爲具體的槪念以隱喩的方式實現槪念化。語言中最普遍存在的是空間-時間隱喩。對韓語和漢語進行對比硏究的結果表明,表示空間語義的詞語"앞"、"뒤"、"前"、"後"紛紛能表示過去和未來,却呈不對稱性。人類對空間"前"、"後"的認知經驗不同,就能解釋空間-時間隱喩的不對稱性。"前"是[+可視]、[+已然]、[+청楚]的空間,"後"是[-可視]、[-已然]、[-청楚]的空間。對空間"前"的認知經驗投射到"(已然的)過去"和"(可預測的)未來"時間槪念,幷對空間"後"的認知經驗投射到"未來"時間槪念。特別是中國人主要以自己的位置爲參照點去認知空間,幷把此壹認知經驗直接投射到時間槪念。

"X시(是)" 접속사 형태소 "시(是)"의 연원

정현애 한국중국언어학회(The Chinese Linguistic Society Of Korea) 2008 중국언어연구 Vol.26 No.-

전자정부 구현을 위한 전자문서관리시스템(EDMS)에 관한 연구 : 대전·충남지역 지방자치단체의 전자문서 유통과 관리 실태분석을 중심으로 An Empirical Analysis on the Electronic Document Exchange and Management Practices in the Local Authorities of Daejeon·Chungnam Area

정현애 大田大學校 社會科學硏究所 2004 社會科學論文集 Vol.22 No.2

우리나라의 행정기관은 전자정보화로 인해 행정업무를 뒷받침할 전자적 업무처리 및 관리시스템을 운영하고 있으나 전자적 업무시스템자체의 한계와 함께 이를 직접 활용하고 있는 행정실무 공무원들의 정보활용기반과 활용능력의 취약, 전자문서의 유통 및 관리 불편 등으로 하여 전자정보화 시스템의 투자가 행정생산성 및 국민편리성 제공으로 원활하게 연계되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 상황에서 전자적 업무처리의 전자문서유통 및 관리시스템을 분석하고, 전자적 업무처리에 대한 고찰을 통하여 운영 및 관리의 문제점을 진단하여 보다 나은 전자적 업무처리의 활성화방안을 모색하는 것은 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 그리하여 본 연구는 행정업무영역의 실사용자인 공무원을 대상으로 현재의 대한민국 전자정부구현 및 전자문서관리시스템(EDMS)부분의 미진한 기능 및 사용자 편의성을 찾아보고 이 부분을 집중적으로 연구·분석하여 대전·충남 지방자치단체의 전자적 업무처리 활성화 방안을 모색하였다. e-Government is a kernel subject that response to the paradigm change of new country operation on 21th century knowledge information society and secures country competitive power. This is the most important practical means that e-Government can provide service of good quality to people and enterprise that is customer. And at the same time, it plays essential roles in governmental productivity and efficiency rising through small but efficient government. In spites of our country is evaluated to the country that take the shape of e-Government than the other country, the efficiency of administration is getting a lot of criticisms that is not improved greatly. The major cause of these criticisms is that the propulsion of our e-Government construction process is not associated with administrative reform. In present, our administration put in practices the electronic business processing and executive system that support the administration duty of electron information. But, owing to the limitations of electronic business system itself, unskilled of practical use ability of government employees, and inconvenience of circulation and management of electronic documents, the investment of electron information system is not associated smoothly to administration productivity and convenience offer to peoples. In these circumstance, it is very important to grope activation plan of better electronic business processing following to analyze circulation and control system of electronic documents, diagnose problems of operation and management through investigation about electronic business processing. This study investigated the previously discussions which connected with electronic business processing of administration inside, examined laying stress on electronic business processing system, the practical use conditions of electronic document management system(EDMS) in Daejeon metropolitans and municipalizations, and analysis to the problems about electronic business processing and improvement plan.

현대중국어 동사중첩형식의 문법의미 고찰

정현애 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2016 동양학 Vol.64 No.-

Reduplication is a universal phenomenon commonly found in lots of languages of the world. In Chinese, also, reduplication is a phenomenon that occurs widely in various part of speech, particularly, reduplication of verb is a linguistic phenomenon where many researchers have paid attention. There are hundreds of theses on grammatical meaning of verb reduplication, however relatively influential opinion could be summarized as follows. 1. Short time, 2. Attempt, 3. Convenience. However, while explaining by combining various grammatical meanings which have no semantic association in a grammatical form, verb reduplication form, there’s a lacking in explanation. Here, this research extracted example sentences from the existing research data and analyzed them on the whole, and found out a new fact that has not been suggested yet. Reduplication of modern Chinese verb acts to generate movement quantity concept that did not exist in the basic form. This movement quantity indicates proper quantity that the subject could subjectively control, not indicating whether the quantity increased or decreased compared to the basic form. Since the subject could control the action, discretion of the subject is more enhanced in the sentence where verb reduplication was used, on the contrary, verb reduplication could be adopted in the context of exerting discretion of the subject. When defining grammatical meaning of verb reduplication form as ‘to indicate intentional action that is performed as much as the quantity that the doer determines proper in the situation that the subject of action is under control’, it is possible to explain the syntactic limitation that verb reduplication form could not adopt quantity phrase objective, conversion unavailability of 把 phrase and 被 phrase where verb reduplication form was used in the predicate, and the phenomenon that modifier that indicates unintentionality and verb reduplication form could not be written in common, etc. 중첩은 세계의 수많은 언어에서 공통적으로 발견되는 보편적인 현상이다. 중국어에서도 중첩은 여러 품사에 걸쳐 두루 일어나는 현상으로서 특히 동사의 중첩은 많은 연구자들이 주목해왔다. 동사중첩의 문법의미에 대해서는 지금까지 이루어진 수많은 연구를 통해 ‘짧은 시간’, ‘시도’, ‘편안함’ 등으로 설명되고 있다. 하지만, 동사 중첩이라는 한 가지 문법 형식이, 서로 의미적 연관성이 없는 여러 가지 문법의미로 설명된다는 것에 대해 전면적인 수용과 지지를 보내기에는 부족한 부분이 있다. 이에 본고에서는 기존연구 자료에 사용된 동사중첩 형식 예문을 추출하여 면밀히 분석하였고 지금까지와는 조금 다른 새로운 사실을 발견하였다. 현대중국어 동사의 중첩형은 기본형일 때에는 없었던 동작량 개념을 생성하는 작용을 한다. 이 동작량은 기존의 연구에서 말하는 것처럼 기본형일 때에 비해 양이 늘었는지 줄었는지를 표시하는 것이 아니라 주체가 주관적으로 통제할 수 있는 적정량을 나타낸다. 주체가 상황을 통제할 수 있기 때문에 동사 중첩형이 사용된 문장에서 주체의 재량권은 한층 강화되고 역으로 주체의 재량권이 발휘되는 맥락에서 동사 중첩형식을 사용할수 있다. 동사 중첩형식의 의미를 ‘행위자가 상황을 통제하는 가운데’ 행하는 ‘동작의 적정한 양’을 표시하는 것이라고정리할 수 있고, 이는 동사 중첩형식이 수량구 목적어를 취할 수 없는 통사적 제한, 술어에 동사 중첩형이 쓰인 把자문과 被자문의 변환 불가 현상, 비의도성을 나타내는 수식어와 동사중첩형식이 공기할 수 없는 현상 등을 통해 증명된다.