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정동희,김상걸,오현석,홍진웅,이준웅,김영식,김태완 한국전기전자재료학회 2003 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.16 No.9
Current-voltage-luminance characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were measured in the temperature range of 10 K~300 K. Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) was used as an anode and aluminum as a cathode in the device. Organic of N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(m-tolyl)-benzidine (TPD) was used for a hole transporting material, and tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq$_3$) for an electron transporting material and emissive material. And copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), poly(3,4-ethylenedi oxythiophene);poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) were used for hole-injection buffer layers. From tile analysis of electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminesccnce (PL) spectra of the Alq$_3$, the EL spectrum is more greenish then that of PL. And the temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics were analyzed in the double and multilayer structure of OLEDS. Electrical conduction mechanism was explained in the region of high-electric and low-electric field. Temperature-dependent luminous efficiency and operating voltage were analyzed from the current-voltage- luminance characteristics of the OLEDS.
Ciceronianismo y el concepto de la imitación literaria en el Renacimiento español
정동희 서울대학교 라틴아메리카연구소 2015 이베로아메리카硏究 Vol.26 No.3
Resumen A pesar de que la imitación siempre ha ocupado el lugar más importante en la historia de la cultura occidental, en ninguna época se ha hablado tanto de la imitación como en el Renacimiento. Los humanistas, a fin de recuperar la pureza del latín clásico, toman a Cicerón como modelo único y sublime digno de imitar, considerándolo como ejemplo de lamejor latinidad. No obstante, algunos humanistas comoGasparino Barzizza, Angelo Poliziano, Pico dellaMirandolla y Erasmo insisten en el descubrimiento de unomismomediante la imitación de varios modelos en lugar de la imitación pegada al modelo ciceroniano. Es el enfrentamiento entre imitación simple e imitación compuesta. En cambio, los humanistas españoles nos muestran una diferente actitud respecto a la imitación. A pesar de que conozcan el ciceronianismo y las controversias sobre la imitación desarrolladas en Italia, en vez de dedicarse a la disputa teórica de la imitación, se enfocan en los aspectos retórico-pedagógicos de esta y centran su empeño en las finalidades prácticas del método. Los tratadistas españoles como Juan del Encina, Francisco Sánchez de las Brozas, Fernando de Herrera y Alonso López Pinciano consideran la imitación como una extensión del acto creativo convirtiéndola en una metodología de escribir para exponer su propio mundo. Although imitation has always occupied the most important place in the history of Western culture, at no time has it been much talked as in the Renaissance. The humanists, to recuperate the purity of classical Latin, adopt Cicero as the unique and sublime model worthy of imitation considering him as an example of the best latinity. However, some humanists such as Gasparino Barzizza, Angelo Poliziano, Pico della Mirandolla and Erasmus insist on discovering oneself by imitating various models instead of imitating only one model. The situation of Spanish Renaissance demonstrates the different aspect about the imitation. Although Spanish humanists know Ciceronianism and the controversies over imitation in Italy, rather than they engage in theoretical dispute of imitation, they focus on the rhetorical and pedagogical aspects of this and concentrate on the methodological application. Spanish writers such as Juan del Encina, Francisco Sánchez de las Brozas, Fernando de Herrera and Alonso López Pinciano consider imitation as an extension of the creative act and convert it into a writing methodology to present their own world.