수용성 키토산의 SD 랫드에 대한 4 주 반복 경구 투여 독성시험

장범수,임종환,윤효인,Jang, Beom-su,Lim, Jong-hwan,Yun, Hyo-in 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.2

Chitosan is known to have antibacterial, antitumorogenic, hypolipidemic and immunopotentiating activities, hence finding diverse uses as a component in varying functional foodstuffs. However, some investigators reported it caused mineral absoiption inhibition and excess coagulation. From the chemical viewpoint, conventional chitosans are high-molecule polymers lacking water solubility, which could be related with their possible toxicity. A newly developed low- molecule water soluble chitosan is thought to have low toxicity compared to conventional chitosans. But no investigation was carried out to evaluate its toxicity. In this study, a 28-day subacute oral toxicity study of the water-soluble chitosan was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. Each 36 male and female rats were orally administered with 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, respectively. Clinical parameters (growth rate, feed and water consumption, daily inspection, urine analysis) during the 28 days indicated the water-soluble chitosan did not induce any abnonnal changes. There were no abnormal findings due to the administration of the test substance in gross and microscopic findings. We had not found alteration in absolute and relative organ weight between the control and treated groups, with only exception in the liver but lacking dose-dependency. The results of hematology and serum biochemistry examination revealed that no treatment related changes were between control and all dose groups. In conclusion, it was suggested that subacute toxicity of the water-soluble chitosan was low and the no-observed adverse effect level was considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg in rats.

미국산과 중국산 DDGS의 급여가 비육돈의 육질 및 아미노산 함량에 미치는 영향

장해동,홍종욱,이종하,이운선,이철영,유종상,이제현,김종규,강대경,김인호,Jang, Hae-Dong,Hong, Jong-Wook,Lee, Jong-Ha,Lee, Un-Sun,Lee, Chul-Young,Yoo, Jong-Sang,Lee, Je-Hyun,Kim, Jong-Gyu,Kang, Dae-Kyung,Kim, In-Ho 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.5

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of com distillers dried grain with soluble (DDGS) in American and Chinese on quality and amino acid of meat in finishing pigs. 120 pigs (Landrace$\times$Yorkshire$\times$Duroc, 64.50 kg average initial body weight) were used in 56 day growth assay. Dietary treatments were included CON (basal diet), ADS (basal diet + DDGS from American) and CDS (basal diet + DDGS from Chinese). The pigs were allotted into four pigs per pen with ten replicates per treatments by completely randomized design. Backfat thickness and lean percentage were not affected by treatment (p>0.05). For the meat color, redness was significantly increased in DDGS treatments compared to CON treatment (p<0.05). CDS treatment was higher than in ADS treatment (p<0.001). Water holding capacity was higher in CON and CDS treatments compared to ADS treatment (p<0.05). pH was greater in DDGS treatments than CON treatment (p<0.05), and ADS treatment was higher than in CON treatment (p<0.05). For the amino acid of meat, CDS treatment significantly increased their arginine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine compared to other treatments (p<0.05). DDGS treatment was higher than in CON treatment (p<0.001). Methinonine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine were significantly increased DDGS treatments than CON treatment (p<0.05). Cysteine was greater in CDS treatment than CON and ADS treatments (p<0.001). DDGS treatments was higher cysteine than in CON treatment (p<0.001). Proline significantly improved in CON treatment compared to CDS treatment (p<0.05). Tyrosine was greater in DDGS treatments than CON treatment (p<0.01). In conclusion, redness and amino acids of meat were affected by DDGS treatments.

가축분뇨를 이용한 미생물연료전지의 농화배양 단계에서 미생물 군집 변화

장재경(Jae Kyung Jang),홍선화(Sun Hwa Hong),유영선(Youg Sun Ryou),이은영(Eun Young Lee),장인섭(In Seop Chang),강연구(Youn Koo Kang),김종구(Jong Goo Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.12

이 연구는 전기화학적 활성을 갖는 미생물들을 알아내기 위하여 농화배양 단계에서 시간에 따라 미생물연료전지의 미생물 군집 변화를 알아본 것이다. 접종원으로 하수처리장 혐기 소화액와 가축분뇨를 1 : 1로 혼합한 액을 사용하였다. 농화 배양 과정에서 미생물 생장곡선에 따라 지체기, 대수성장기 그리고 정지기로 전류발생 패턴을 보면서 구분하였다. 전류가 안 정적으로 발생되는 시점을 농화배양이 끝난 시점으로 판단하였으며, 이때 전류는 0.84 ± 0.06 mA가 발생되었다. 농화배양이 되어 가는 과정에서 미생물군집 변화를 전기영동(DGGE)에서 확인하여 시간에 따라 새롭게 나타나는 band나 농도가 높아지는 band 17개를 잘라내어 염기서열을 분석하였다. 이 결과 지체기와 대수성장 단계에서는 Clostridium, Rhodocyclaceae, Bacteriodete 그리고 Uncultured bacterium 등이 검출되었고, 정지기에서는 Geobacter sp., Rhodocyclaceae, Candidatus, Nitrospira, Flavobactriaceae, 그리고 Uncultured bacterium 등이 검출되었다. Geobactor의 경우는 이미 전기활성 미생물로 알려져 있는 미생물 종으로 이를 포함하여 이 연구에서 검출된 다른 미생물들 중에도 전기활성이 있는 미생물을 포함하고 있을 것으로 판단된다. These studies were attempted to investigate the change of microbial community of anode of microbial fuel cell using swine wastewater in the enrichment step with the lapse of time. Microbial fuel cells enriched by a 1 : 1 mixture of anaerobic digestive juices of the sewage treatment plant and livestock wastewater. Enrichment culture step was divided into three stages to indentify the microorganisms. It was separated by each lag phase, exponential phase, and stationary phase. These steps were determined by the change of the current value. The current after enrichment was generated about 0.84 ± 0.06 mA. We were cut out the different 17 bands in the DGGE fingerprint gel to do sequencing. The bands which the concentration was increasing or newly appearing with the lapse of time were included for this study. In the lag and exponential phase, Clostridium, Rhodocyclaceae, Bacteriodetes, and Uncultured bacterium etc. were detected. There were in the stationary phase Geobacter sp., Rhodocyclaceae, Candidatus, Nitrospira, Flavobactriaceae and uncultured bacterium etc. Geobactor among microorganisms detected in this study is known as the Electrochemically active microorganisms. It may include electrochemically active microorganisms to be considered as electrical activity microorganisms.

형광유도체화법을 이용한 Moxidectin 정량 및 피하주사 후 돼지에서의 잔류 연구

장범수,임종환,박병권,김민규,윤효인,Jang, Beom-su,Lim, Jong-hwan,Park, Byung-kwon,Kim, Min-Kyu,Yun, Hyo-in 대한수의학회 2004 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.44 No.1

We established a new method to analyze moxidectin using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with fluorescence derivatization in order to obtain its residual profiles in biological samples. Recovery of moxidectin in tissue was 62% at 10 ppb. Average detection reproducibility in terms of coefficience variation was 4.47% at 0.32 to 10 ppb. Residual of moxidectin was studied in 44 Yorkshire-Landrace mixed bred male pigs administered subcutaneously 0, 200, or $800{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (BW) Residual profiles of moxdectin in blood, muscle, liver, kidney and fat of pigs were described. The concentration of the moxidectin in liver after administration of moxidectin was the highest among the tissues examined. Moxidectin in liver after administration of moxidectin as $200{\mu}g/kg$ BW was declined from $10.0{\pm}3.7ng/g$ at 10 day post administration to $0.5{\pm}0.3ng/g$ level at 40 day post administration. Residual levels of moxidectin in all samples were estimated to fall below the limit of quantitation (0.32 ng/ml) after 50 day after treatment of $200{\mu}g/kg$. Moxidectin showed no abnormal observations in all the clinical findings at any concentrations under these experimental conditions. In conclusion, this analysis method by HPLC after fluorescence derivatization was very effective for the detection of moxidectin in biological samples. We suggest that 50-day is safe enough for the withdrawal time of moxidectin in pigs, following the recommendation dose by the manufacturer.

허혈성 심장 질환의 One-stop Evaluation Protocol: Myocardial Fusion PET Study

김경목,이병욱,이동욱,김정수,장영도,방찬석,백종훈,이인수,Kim, Kyong-Mok,Lee, Byung-Wook,Lee, Dong-Wook,Kim, Jeong-Su,Jang, Yeong-Do,Bang, Chan-Seok,Baek, Jong-Hun,Lee, In-Su 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: In the early stage of using PET/CT, it was used to damper revision but recently shows that CT with MDCT is commonly used and works well for an anatomical diagnosis. This hospital makes the accuracy and convenience more higher in the diagnosis and evaluate of coronary heart disease through concurrently running myocardial perfusion SPECT examination, myocardial PET examination with FDG, and CT coronary artery CT angiography(coronary CTA) used PET/CT with 64-slice. This report shows protocol and image based on results from about 400 coronary heart disease examinations since having 64 channels PET/CT in July 2007. Materials and Methods: An Equipment for this examination is 64-slice CT and Discovery VCT (DVCT) that is consisted of PET with BGO ($Bi_4Ge_3O_{12}$) scintillation crystal by GE health care. First myocardial perfusion SPECT with pharmacologic stress test to reduce waiting time of a patient and get a quick diagnosis and evaluation, and right after it, myocardial FDG PET examination and coronary CTA run without a break. One-stop evaluation protocol of ischemic heart disease is as follows. 1)Myocardial perfusion SPECT with pharmacologic stress: A patient is injected with $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI 10 mCi and does not have any fatty food for myocardial PET examination and drink natural water with ursodeoxcholic acid 100 mg and we get SPECT image in an hour. 2)Myocardial FDG PET: To reduce blood fatty content and to increase uptake of FDG, we used creative oral glucose load using insulin and Acipimox to according to blood acid content. A patient is injected with $^{18}F$-FDG 5 mCi for reduction of his radiation exposure and we get a gated image an hour later and get delay image when we need. 3) Coronary CTA: The most important point is to control heart rate and to get cooperation of patient's breath. In order to reduce a heart rate of him or her below 65 beats, let him or her take beta blocker 50 mg ~ 200 mg after a consultation with a doctor about it and have breath-practices then have the examination. Right before the examination, we spray isosorbide dinitrate 3 to 5 times to lower tension of bessel wall and to extension a blood wall of a patient. It makes to get better the shape of an anatomy. At filming, a patient is injected CT contrast with high pressure and have enough practices before the examination in order to have no problem. For reduction of his radiation exposure, we have to do ECG-triggered X-ray tube modulation exposure. Results: We evaluate coronary artery stenosis through coronary CTA and study correlation (culprit vessel check) of a decline between stenosis and perfusion from the myocardial perfusion SPECT with pharmacologic stress, coronary CTA, and can check viability of infarction or hibernating myocardium by FDG PET. Conclusion: The examination makes us to set up a direction of remedy (drug treatment, PCI, CABG) because we can estimate of effect from remedy, lesion site and severity. In addition, we have an advantage that it takes just 3 hours and one-stop in that all of process of examinations run in succession and at the same time. Therefore it shows that the method is useful in one stop evaluation of ischemic heart disease. 관상동맥질환의 진단 및 평가에 있어서 myocardial perfusion SPECT검사와 FDG를 이용한 myocardial PET검사 그리고 PET/CT에 장착된 64-slice CT를 이용한 coronary CT angiography를 동시에 실행함으로 검사의 신뢰도와 편의성을 한층 더 높이고자 한다. 먼저 약물부하 myocardial perfusion SPECT검사를 먼저 시행한다. 환자의 피폭경감을 위해서 $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI 10 mCi 로 주사하며 myocardial PET검사를 위해서 지방식을 먹지 않고 ursodeoxcholic acid 100 mg을 생수와 함께 복용하게 하여 1시간 후에 SPECT 영상을 얻는다. 이어서 myocardial FDG PET검사를 시행한다. 혈중의 지방산 농도를 낮추고 심장의 FDG섭취율을 증가시키기 위해 혈중 포도당 농도치에 따라 insulin과 Acipimox를 함께 사용하는 독창적인 경구 당 부하법을 사용하였으며, 환자의 피폭 경감을 위해서 $^{18}F$-FDG 5 mCi를 주사하고 1시간 후에 10분간 gated 영상을 얻으며 필요시 delay 영상을 얻는다. PET검사가 끝남과 동시에 환자는 동일한 position을 하고 연속해서 coronary CTA를 시행한다. 이 검사에서 가장 중요한 것은 심박동수 조절과 환자의 호흡협조이다. 심박동수를 65회 이하로 낮추기 위해 beta blocker 50 mg~200 mg을 의사와 상의하여 복용케 하고 호흡법을 충분히 연습을 시키다. 검사 직전에 isosorbide dinitrate를 3~5회 분무하여 혈관벽의 긴장을 낮추고 혈관을 확장시켜서 coronary artery의 해부학적 형태를 더욱 잘 나타낼 수 있게 한다. 촬영 시 CT 조영제를 4.0~5.0 mL/sec의 압력으로 주입하며 촬영을 한다. Coronary CTA를 이용하면 coronary artery stenosis가 잘 보이며, 약물부하 myocardial perfusion SPECT로 coronary CTA에서 보인 stenosis와 perfusion저하의 상관관계를 검토(culprit vessel 확인)할 수 있으며, FDG PET으로 hibernating myocardium 또는 infarction site의 viability를 확인할 수 있다. 한 가지 검사로 lesion site와 severity 및 치료에 대한 반응 예측이 가능함으로 약물치료, PCI, CABG 등 치료방향을 설정할 수 있다. 또한 모든 검사 과정들이 연속적으로 동시에 이루어지기 때문에 짧은 시간(3시간) 내에 one-stop으로 검사를 종료할 수 있는 큰 장점을 가지게 된다. 그러므로 이 검사법은 ischemic heart disease의 one-stop evaluation에 있어서 유용한 protocol로 보여진다.

술 전 눈물관 관류검사와 코눈물주머니 조영술 소견에 따른 실리콘관 삽입술의 성공률의 비교

정종진,장선영,장재우,인정희,Jong Jin Jung,MD,Sun Young Jang,MD,Jae Woo Jang,MD,Jung Hee In,MD 대한안과학회 2014 대한안과학회지 Vol.55 No.11

Purpose: To compare the surgical success rate of silicone tube intubation according to the preoperative lacrimal syringing test and dacryocystography (DCG) in adult patients with epiphora. Methods: Medical records of 142 patients who underwent silicone tube intubation were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical results were divided into 3 groups based on postoperative symptoms and the syringing test results: Good, Fair, and Fail. Good and Fair were classified into the surgical success groups. We compared the surgical success rate according to the preoperative syringing test and stenosis site observed on dacryocystography. Results: The success rates of silicone tube intubation were 88.4% and 87.4% in eyes with preoperative syringing results of totally- passed and partially-passed syringing tests, respectively, revealing no statistically significant differences (<EM>p </EM>= 0.838, chisquare test). However, in eyes with the preoperative syringing results of partially-passed syringing tests, the success rates were 66.7% in patients with canalicular stenosis, 83.3% in patients with nasolacrimal duct stenosis, and 94.5% in those with diffuse stenosis (<EM>p </EM>= 0.018, chi-square test). Conclusions: No significant differences were found in the success rates of silicone tube intubation according to preoperative syringing test results. However, when considered together with DCG findings, the lowest success rate was found in eyes with the partially-passed syringing test and simultaneously showed canalicular stenosis on DCG. The syringing test results considered with DCG findings may help predict the success rates of silicone tube intubation. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(11):1584-1588

독성 및 약물대사 연구를 위한 한국인 부분 간 유래 간세포의 품질 및 활용성 평가

노정권(Jeong-Kwon Noh),장인근(In Keun Jang),김효은(Hyo Eun Kim),이종은(Jong Eun Lee),양말숙(Mal Sook Yang),장은미(Eun Mi Jang),이지현(Ji-Hyun Lee),박혜정(Hey-Jung Park),김영아(Young-A Kim),이석구(Suk-Koo Lee),정호상(Ho-Sang Jeong),안준 한국생물공학회 2014 KSBB Journal Vol.29 No.1

Demand for in vitro pharmacological evaluation and toxicity test using human hepatocytes has been increasing. In USA and Europe, human hepatocytes obtained from donated whole liver unsuitable for transplantation were distributed to researchers and deposited in cell bank facility as cryopreserved vial. In Korea, however, incidence of transplantation-inappropriate whole liver has been quite low and the whole livers almost have so severe liver disease such as fatty or fibrotic liver that cannot meet the demand. In this study we aimed to isolate human hepatocytes from liver resection surgery-originated partial liver, and assure the isolated human hepatocytes and its cryopreserved hepatocytes to be qualified for the in vitro pharmacological evaluation and drug toxicity tests. We compared those with commercially available human hepatocyte, BD GenTest<SUP>TM</SUP> by cell morphology, hepatic gene expression, urea synthesis, albumin secretion, ammonia removal, and cytochrome P450 induction activities. Changes in hepatotoxic gene expression after cryopreservation are evaluated with a typical hepatotoxic drug, acetaminophen. Consequently, the fresh hepatocytes from the partial liver and its cryopreserved hepatocytes expressed their intrinsic hepatic functions well and showed equal hepatotoxicity gene expression trend regardless to cryopreservation. Therefore, liver resection surgery-originated partial liver can be used as a useful source of human hepatocytes for various pharmacological and hepatotoxicity test.

보리함유 고단백질 사료의 급여가 비육돈의 생산성 및 도체특성에 미치는 영향

신승오,유종상,이제현,장해동,김효진,진영걸,조진호,김인호,Shin, Seung-Oh,Yoo, Jong-Sang,Lee, Jea-Hyun,Jang, Hae-Dong,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Chen, Ying-Jie,Cho, Jin-Ho,Kim, In-Ho 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a high protein diet containing barley on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. A total of fifty six [(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc)] pigs (85.08 kg in average initial body weight) were used for a 6-week study. Dietary treatments included 1) Basal diet (CON) and 2) High protein diet with barley 5% (HB5). During the entire test periods, there were no significant differences in Average daily gain (ADG), Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain/feed ratio between treatments (p>0.05). The b value of M. logissimus dorsi muscle color was significantly increased in CON fed pigs compared to pigs fed the HB5 diet (p<0.05). The water holding capacity (WHC) was higher in HB5 than CON fed pigs (p<0.05). Also, drip loss was significantly decreased in HB5 compared to CON fed pigs (p<0.05). Backfat thickness, live weight, cold carcass weight, dressing, and carcass grade were not significantly affected by either treatment (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that a high protein diet with 5% barley affects meat color, WHC and drip loss in finishing pigs.

발목관절 각도에 따른 무릎 폄근의 등속성 근력 평가

박상영,김중선,김중휘,이인희,장종성,서태수,Park, Sang-Young,Kim, Chung?Sun,Kim, Joong?Hwi,Lee, In?Hee,Jang, Jong?Sung,Seo, Tae?Soo 대한물리치료학회 2011 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Purpose:This study was designed to investigate difference in isokinetic muscle strength in the knee extensor muscle and characteristic differences in muscle strength between males and females through the ankle joint angles. Methods: Seventy-four subjects participated in this study. There were two groups: 36 males and 38 females. The mean age of the men was 24.58 years and women was 23.74 years. Subjects were seated on a CON-TREX LP (leg press) lean to back of chair, and there bodies were fixed by straps with the hip joint at an angle of $130^{\circ}$. After randomly fixing the ankle joint at $0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, and $40^{\circ}$ of plantar flexion (PF) in range of full extension of knee joint. We studied force max average, force max average/kg, power average, and total work through the angle of the ankle joint when the knee joint was extended from $90^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$. Results: In the male group, all maximum measured value showed at the ankle joint $0^{\circ}$, all minimum measured value showed at $40^{\circ}$ PF (p<0.01). In the female group, all maximum measured value showed at the ankle joint $20^{\circ}$ PF, especially the power average increased significantly. All minimum measured value showed $40^{\circ}$ PF (p<0.01). Conclusion: There are differences between males and females in isokinetic muscle strength of the knee extensor through ankle joint angles in healthy adults. Males and Females have different characteristics of muscle strength through the ankle joint angles.

부산광역시 금정산 소나무림 식생구조 연구

이경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lee ),곽정인 ( Jeong In Kwak ),곽남현 ( Nam Hyun Kwak ),장종수 ( Jong Soo Jang ) 한국환경생태학회 2013 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 부산광역시 금정 산 소나 무림의 식생구조 특성을 분석하여 문화경관림으로서의 소나 무림 보전을 위한 기초자료 구축을 목적으로 수행하였다. 금정 산 소나무 식생구조 분석을 위해 산성을 기준으로 내부 소나 무림에 10개소, 외부 소나 무림에 8개소, 총 18개소의 조 사구(단위면적: 400㎡)를 설정하였다. TWINSPAN분석결과 총 6개의 군집으로 구분되었다. 6개의 군집은 졸 참나무-소나무군집, 소나무군집, 소나무-졸 참나무군집, 곰 솔-소나무군집, 소나무-곰 솔-상 수리나무군집, 소나무-굴피나무군집이었다. 각 군집의 층위 별 상대우점치 및 주요 수종의 흉고직경급별 분포 분석결과 각각의 소나무군집은 졸 참나무 또는 개서어나무군집으로 천이될 것으로 예측되었다. 수령분석결과 산성내부 군집은 32~37년생, 산성외부 소나무군집은 44~57년생이었다. Shannon의 종다양도지수는 0.4826~1.2499이었다. 소나무와 주요 수종간 상관관계는 때 죽나무와 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과 산성내부는 소나무군집에서 졸참나무군집으로의 천이가 예측되었으며 산성외부는 소나무-곰솔군집에서 개서어나무-졸 참나무군집으로의 천이가 예측되었다. 소나 무 경관림 관리방안으로 아교목층과 관목 층의 참나무 류 및 교목성상의 낙엽활엽수 간벌과 소나무와 경쟁중인 낙엽활엽 수의 수관전정 등의 관리가 필요하였다. This study was carried out to provide a basic data for preservation of Pinus desiflora forest as cultural landscape forest by analyzing characteristics of plant community of P. desiflora forest in Geumjeongsan (mountatin) in Busan city. In order to analyze plant community of P. densiflora in Geumjeongsan, we set up 10 study plots inside and 8 plots outside of Geumjeongsansung (mountain fortress, hereinafter ‘Sansung’) (unit area: 400), a total of 18 plots. TWINSPAN analysis divided these 18 study plots into 6 communities which are Querqus serrata-P. desiflora community, P. desiflora community, P. desiflora-Q. serrata community, P. thunbergii-P. densiflora community, P. densiflora-P. thubergii-Q. acutissima community, and P. densiflora-Platycarya strobilacea community. Importance Percentage (I.P.) of each area and DBH class distribution of main species showed that P. densiflora community would succeed to Q. serrata community or C. tschonoskii community. Analysis on tree age found out that communities in the Sansung were 32~37 years old and those outside the Sansung were 44~57 years old. Shannon`s species diversity index ranged from 0.4826 to 1.2499. Regarding correlation between species, P. densiflora had negative correlation with Styrax japonica. Based on abovementioned result we expected ecological succession from P. densiflora community to Q. serrata community inside of the Sansung. Outside the Sansung, succession from P.densiflora-P.thunbergii community to C.tschonoskii-Q. serrata community was expected. In order to manage P. densiflora forest as cultural landscape forest, Q. spp in the understory and shrub layer and deciduous broad-leaved arboreal trees should be managed. Tree crown management of deciduous broad-leaved trees in competition with P. desiflora, is also required.