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플라즈마분자선에피탁시법으로 성장한 산화비스무스아연 박막의 구조특성
임동석,신은정,임세환,한석규,이효성,홍순구,정명호,이정용,조형균,Lim, Dong-Seok,Shin, Eun-Jung,Lim, Se-Hwan,Han, Seok-Kyu,Lee, Hyo-Sung,Hong, Soon-Ku,Joeng, Myoung-Ho,Lee, Jeong-Yong,Cho, Hyung-Koun,Yao, Takafumi 한국재료학회 2011 한국재료학회지 Vol.21 No.10
We report the structural characterization of $Bi_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films grown on c-plane sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. By increasing the Bi flux during the growth process, $Bi_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films with various Bi contents (x = 0~13.17 atomic %) were prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed the formation of Bi-oxide phase in (Bi)ZnO after increasing the Bi content. However, it was impossible to determine whether the formed Bi-oxide phase was the monoclinic structure ${\alpha}-Bi_2O_3$ or the tetragonal structure ${\beta}-Bi_2O_3$ by means of XRD ${\theta}-2{\theta}$ measurements, as the observed diffraction peaks of the $2{\theta}$ value at ~28 were very close to reflection of the (012) plane for the monoclinic structure ${\alpha}-Bi_2O_3$ at 28.064 and the reflection of the (201) plane for the tetragonal structure ${\beta}-Bi_2O_3$ at 27.946. By means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a diffraction pattern analysis and a high-resolution lattice image, it was finally determined as the monoclinic structure ${\alpha}-Bi_2O_3$ phase. To investigate the distribution of the Bi and Bi-oxide phases in BiZnO films, elemental mapping using energy dispersive spectroscopy equipped with TEM was performed. Considering both the XRD and the elemental mapping results, it was concluded that hexagonal-structure wurtzite $Bi_xZn_{1-x}O$ thin films were grown at a low Bi content (x = ~2.37 atomic %) without the formation of ${\alpha}-Bi_2O_3$. However, the increased Bi content (x = 4.63~13.17 atomic %) resulted in the formation of the ${\alpha}-Bi_2O_3$ phase in the wurtzite (Bi)ZnO matrix.
가감석홍전(加減惜紅煎)으로 호전된 궤양성대장염(潰瘍性大腸炎) 환자(患者) 치험(治驗) 1례(例)
임동석,김남욱,이형호,이영수,홍석,김희철,최창원,Lim, Dong-Seok,Kim, Nam-Uk,Lee, Hyung-Ho,Lee, Yeong-Su,Hong, Seok,Kim, Hee-Chul,Choi, Chang-Won 대한한의학방제학회 2007 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.15 No.1
Objective : this study is designed to evaluate the effects of an oriental medicine therapy, namely gagam-sukhongjeon, on ulcerative colitis Methods : The Clinical data was analyzed on a patient with ulcerative colitis due to hanyeolchakjab(寒熱錯雜), whose symptoms were combined chillness and fever. The patient visited at the internal medicine department of Dong-Shin University Suncheon Oriental Hospital on February 25, 2006, and go into hospital from February 25, 2006 to March 9, 2006. and revisited from March 18, 2006 to April 5, 2006. The patient was treated with Herbal medicine(gagam-sukhongjeon) Result : After treatment, bloody stool and abdominal pain disappeared in visual analogue scale(VAS), pain disability index(PDI) and verbal rating scale(VRS). Conclusions : This study suggests that gagam-Sukhongjeon is significantly effective in treatment of ulcerative colitis.
임동석,곽규석,남기찬 한국항해항만학회 2011 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.35 No.7
An environment of world marine port today is rapidly changing. Importance of a hub port is being maximized along with appearance of a large container ship, and Busan port is also growing with the goal as a hub port of Northeast Asia. Busan port currently has competitive power as the 5th top port in the world, but increase rate of transportation quantity, is low compared to Shanghai port in China and other ports in Northeast Asia. For a port to obtain competitiveness, investment on infrastructures of a port is necessary and also it has close relation with an intraregional port logistics industry. However, a port logistics industry in Busan area has a hard time avoiding a small size due to the government support on major companies. Therefore, this study will analyze difficulties of small port logistics companies and the related companies as to vitalize port logistics industry in Busan area in hopes to help vitalizing regional economy.
MLE와 A/O 공정에서의 nirS 와 nirK를 가진 탈질미생물의 정량적 분포
임동석,김윤중,김형건,박승국,정태학 대한상하수도학회 2012 상하수도학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Denitrification is an important biological mechanism in wastewater treatment process because this process is technically to remove nitrogen from water to air. There have been lots of study about denitrification engineering and molecular biological research about denitrifying bacteria, respectively. However, combination of these researches was unusual and rare. This study is about the correlation between quantity of denitrifying bacteria and denitrification potential, and consists of NUR batch test as analysis method of denitrification potential and quantitative molecular analysis for denitrifying bacteria. Three reactors (A/O, MLE and A/O of nitrogen deficiency) are operated to get activated sludge with various denitrification potential. All samples which were acquired from reactors were measured denitrification potential by NUR test and NUiR test. Also, Real-time PCR was conducted for quantification of denitrifying bacteria composition in activated sludge. The various denitrification potentials were measured in the reactors. The denitrifiaction potential was the highest in MLE process and the reactor of the nitrogen deficiency showed the lowest. Genomic DNA of activated sludge was obtained and consequently, real-time PCRuse the primer sets of nirK and nirS were conducted to quantify genes involving denitrification reductase production. As the result of real-time PCR, nirK gene showed more significant influence on denitrification potential comapred with nirS gene. Denitrification is an important biological mechanism in wastewater treatment process because this process is technically to remove nitrogen from water to air. There have been lots of study about denitrification engineering and molecular biological research about denitrifying bacteria, respectively. However, combination of these researches was unusual and rare. This study is about the correlation between quantity of denitrifying bacteria and denitrification potential, and consists of NUR batch test as analysis method of denitrification potential and quantitative molecular analysis for denitrifying bacteria. Three reactors (A/O, MLE and A/O of nitrogen deficiency) are operated to get activated sludge with various denitrification potential. All samples which were acquired from reactors were measured denitrification potential by NUR test and NUiR test. Also, Real-time PCR was conducted for quantification of denitrifying bacteria composition in activated sludge. The various denitrification potentials were measured in the reactors. The denitrifiaction potential was the highest in MLE process and the reactor of the nitrogen deficiency showed the lowest. Genomic DNA of activated sludge was obtained and consequently, real-time PCRuse the primer sets of nirK and nirS were conducted to quantify genes involving denitrification reductase production. As the result of real-time PCR, nirK gene showed more significant influence on denitrification potential comapred with nirS gene.
注音符號와 漢語倂音方案의 比較 硏究 : 現代 漢語 零聲母 表記方法을 中心으로 以現代漢語零聲母 (Zero Initial) 表記爲 中心
林東錫 건국대학교 인문과학연구소 1993 인문과학논총 Vol.25 No.-
將漢語表記的漢字爲世界上特有的表意文字. 此表意文字對於音韻表記方面, 實際上恨不方便. 故自古以來多種方法來表記漢音. 如讀若法. 雙聲疊韻法, 反切法等, 而後到近代與西方來往頻繁, 遂自然出現了用表音文字(如羅馬字) 表記漢語之方法 自民國政府設立以後, 終於認識到此事關於敎學方面及語言推行上非常重要, 於是民國初期到民國二十年(1931年) 長期間的硏究討論, 最後確定 "注音符號" (Sound -Notating Alphabet)四十一個而敎育部公布, 至今仍然使用於臺灣等地, 這是用偏旁省改的一種符號. 然1949년 在大陸中華人民共和國成立後, "文字改革, 語言必須接近民衆" 的揭旗下, 從1949年到 1957年之間, 經過多次硏究, 遂發布 "漢語倂音方案" (Chinese Phonetic System), 這是借用羅馬(Rome)字來表音漢語的方法. 現在國聯承認爲漢語倂寫的國際標準, 尊定漢語表記之基準 但兩者之間, 倂音方法若干出入, 特別零聲母倂音方法竝不相同, 注音符號乃由中國人爲了倂音自己的漢語來制造的符號, 所以其音理及寫法當然沒有特別的問題, 可是漢語倂音方案是借用근 自己不一樣的音韻體系之羅馬字來倂音漢語, 故兩者多方有所衝突. 而且其內容也比較複雜. 於是筆者在此整理其原理及情況 尤其是在韓國于敎學漢語方面, 從前皆用注音符號근威妥瑪式(T.F.Wade's System) 來表音或編字典, 而現在卽還用漢語倂音方案盛于世, 各種漢語敎材則兩者混用雜色, 敎學者必須曉得兩者之音理和倂音方法可以順通 由此, 筆者對於注音符號及漢語倂音方案, 兩者之間的音理, 制定之經緯來初步地硏究, 以供斯漢語敎學之界. 特以零聲母(Zero Initial) 表記爲中心者, 因其方法及音理較複之故也.