이효범 한국철도기술연구원 선임연구원

이효범 한국지반공학회 2023 지반 : 한국지반공학회지 Vol.39 No.5

중족부에 발생한 다발성 악성 말초 신경초 종양 1예: 증례 보고

이효범,김갑래,김동현,Lee, Hyobeom,Kim, Gab-Lae,Kim, Donghyeon 대한족부족관절학회 2020 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) usually arise in soft tissues; they are rarely found in the bone. This paper reports a case of MPNST in the foot and ankle joint involving the distal tibia, talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial intermediate, and lateral cuneiform, cuboid, and 2nd to 4th metatarsal bone. Palliative treatment was performed. The authors encountered a patient with intraosseous MPNST of the midfoot who presented with nonspecific clinical and radiologic findings. This case shows that a high index of suspicion and a histopathology examination, including immunohistochemistry, will be necessary for an accurate diagnosis.

Laboratory Investigation on Excavation Performance of Foam-conditioned Weathered Granite Soil for EPB Shield Tunnelling

이효범,오재현,신영진,원종묵 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.12

As weathered granite soils are extensively distributed in the Korean Peninsula, determining the optimal foam conditioning parameters for weathered granite soils can provide a high workability, low permeability, and high compressibility of weathered granite soils for successful operation of an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunnel boring machine (TBM). In this study, a laboratory-scale excavation apparatus was developed to conduct various laboratory excavation simulations for measuring the excavation-induced torque and the abrasivity of cutter bits. In addition, slump values, compressibility, and permeability were measured to evaluate the workability of foam-conditioned weathered granite soils. From the experimental results, the optimal foaming conditions for the weathered granite soil was obtained at foam injection ratios (FIRs) of 60 – 70%, foam expansion ratios (FERs) of 15 – 18, and foaming agent concentrations (Cf) of 3 – 4%. The experimental results presented in this study can provide the rheological, mechanical, and hydraulic behavior of foam-conditioned weathered granite soils for successful EPB TBM operation.

COVID-19 백신 접종 후 발생한 다발성 농양 1예: 증례 보고

이효범,김갑래,김태호 대한족부족관절학회 2023 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Vaccines can cause adverse reactions, such as soreness, swelling, or redness at the injection site. Some reactions are associated with fever and rash, which are usually mild and transient, and serious side effects are rare. In particular, there are no reports of systemic infection following a COVID-19 vaccination. The authors present a case report of a patient who developed multiple abscesses caused by Staphy- lococcus aureus after a COVID-19 vaccination. The patient had no previous symptoms or signs of infection. The patient was controlled successfully after surgical and antibiotics treatment.

부본선 건설을 위한 기존 지하철 터널의 운영 중 확폭 방안에 대한 기초연구

이효범,고성일,전종훈,윤희택,이나현,최항석,Lee, Hyobum,Koh, Sung-Yil,Jun, Jonghun,Yoon, Hee Taek,Yi, Na Hyun,Choi, Hangseok 한국터널지하공간학회 2020 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.22 No.1

지속적인 수도권 교통 인프라 수요의 증가에 따른 광역·도시철도 노선의 급행화를 위해서는 완행과 급행철도를 동시에 운영할 수 있도록 하는 부본선의 건설이 요구된다. 그러나 기존 지하철 노선의 운행을 중단한 후 부본선을 건설하는 것은 많은 경제적 손실을 발생시키므로 기존 지하철 터널의 운영 중 확폭 방안에 대한 연구가 필수적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 노선 급행화에 필요한 부본선 건설을 위해 기존 지하철 터널의 운영 중 확폭 방안에 대한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 기존선 운영 중 부본선 건설방안 모색을 위해 지하철 4호선 과천선의 정부과천청사역을 부본선 건설 가상 역사로 선정하고, 4가지 방안의 구간별 단면 및 공법계획을 검토하였으며, 해당 역사에 대하여 부본선을 시공하였을 경우 시공성·경제성에 비해 상대적으로 안정성이 우려된다고 판단되는 방안을 선정하여 부본선 시공과정을 고려한 3차원 수치해석을 통한 안정성 검토를 수행하였다. As a continuous increase in demand for the transportation infrastructure in the metropolitan area, the renovation of existing metropolitan and urban railway lines for the rapid transport system requires the construction of sidetrack that can operate local and express trains simultaneously. However, the construction of sidetrack after stopping the operation of the existing subway line causes a lot of economic losses, therefore it is essential to study the tunnel enlargement scheme during the operation of the existing subway tunnel. Accordingly, in this paper, basic research on the enlargement plan of the existing subway tunnel was carried out for the renovation of the existing subway line. In order to investigate the method for the sidetrack construction, the Government Complex Gwacheon station on the Gwacheon line of subway line 4 was selected as a virtual research station. Subsequently, four construction plans including tunnel cross-sectional plan for each section were reviewed and constructability and economic feasibility were compared. Finally, the stability assessment was conducted for the selected construction plan which was considered to be relatively unstable by 3-D full numerical analysis considering the sidetrack construction process.

점성토 연약지반에서의 다중 동시주입 컴팩션 그라우팅 공법 적용성 연구

이효범,정현석,정의엽,최항석 대한토목학회 2019 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.39 No.6

컴팩션 그라우팅 공법, 일명 CGS (Compaction Grouting System) 공법은 저유동성 그라우트재의 주입을 통해 주변 지반을 압밀・다짐하여 원지반의 물성 향상은 물론 지중 그라우트 구근체의 형성을 통해 복합지반 거동을 기대함으로써 지반을 개량하는 공법이다. 그러나 기존 컴팩션 그라우팅 공법에 사용되는 펌프는 한 번에 여러 공을 동시에 주입하기 어려워 시공 물량이 많아 신속함이 요구되는 공사 시에 시공 효율성 확보가 어려웠다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 3공까지 동시주입이 가능한 다중 동시주입 컴팩션 그라우팅 공법을 개발하여 현장시험을 통해 지반 보강효과의 적용성을 평가하였다. 현장시험은 점성토 연약지반에 단일공과 3공 삼각 배열로 각각 시험시공하고 그라우팅 주입 전・후 표준관입시험 (SPT)을 수행하여 그 결과를 비교・분석하였다. 최종적으로 점성토 연약지반에서 다중 동시주입 컴팩션 그라우팅 공법의 적용 시, 요구되는 적정 동시주입 이격거리와 충분한 지반 안정화 시간 확보의 중요성에 대해 제언하였다. The compaction grouting method is one of the conventional ground improvement methods, which consolidates and compacts thesurrounding ground through the injection of grout materials with low mobility. Injecting the grout into the ground can improve the soilproperties, as well as form a composite of soil-grout columns. However, the conventional grout pumping is not applicable to handlemultiple injection holes at the same time, which may diminish its constructability when the construction time is not enough. This paper proposes a simultaneous multiple compaction-grouting method using a new pump system developed to cover up simultaneously three injection holes at a time. Field injection tests with a single injection hole and with triangular arrangement of injection holes wereconducted to evaluate the applicability of the proposed method to soft clay ground. In addition, a series of standard penetration tests (SPTs) were performed to assess the efficiency of each arrangement in improving the soft ground. It is noted from the in-situ test results that the interval distances between injection holes and the elapse time for ground stabilization are the crucial factors governing the applicability of the simultaneous multiple compaction-grouting method to improve the soft clay ground.

Growth and CO2 exchange in young Phalaenopsis orchids grown under different levels of humidity during the vegetative period

이효범,임소현,임남현,안성광,김기선 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.1

Phalaenopsis plants are distributed throughout tropical regions with high humidity, which is generally necessary for theircultivation. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different relative humidity (RH) conditions on the growthand photosynthetic characteristics of young Phalaenopsis plants. Three-month-old clones of Phalaenopsis ‘Blanc Rouge’and Doritaenopsis ‘Mantefon’ plants were grown under 30 ± 10, 50 ± 10, 70 ± 10, or 90 ± 10% RH conditions. The RHtreatments were maintained for approximately 6 months in environment-controlled growth chambers. The temperature andphotoperiod were maintained at 28 °C and 12/12 h, respectively. At the start of the RH treatments, the mean leaf span was14.2 and 16.7 cm in ‘Blanc Rouge’ and ‘Mantefon’ plants, respectively. In both cultivars, plants grown under 70% RH showedthe longest leaf span, which was 25.3 and 20.6 cm in ‘Blanc Rouge’ and ‘Mantefon’, respectively. High-humidity conditions(i.e. 70 and 90% RH) generally promoted the length of leaf span, but the growth rate of leaf span was slightly lower at 90%RH than at 70% RH. CO2exchange, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of the uppermost mature leaf were observedin ‘Blanc Rouge’ plants grown at 30, 50, and 70% RH. The highest rate of CO2uptake was observed in the plants grownat 70% RH, followed by 50 and 30% RH. The stomatal conductance increased and transpiration decreased with increasingRH. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of plants grown under 70 and 90% RH slightly decreased after9 weeks of treatments, but there were no differences among the treatment groups at the conclusion of the study. These resultsindicated that high RH (e.g. 70%) slightly increases CO2uptake and leaf span of young Phalaenopsis plants.

Growth characteristics and fl owering initiation of Phalaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ as aff ected by the daily light integral

이효범,Ju-Hee Lee,안성광,Ji Hyun Park,Ki Sun Kim 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.5

This study was conducted to determine the eff ects of daily light integral (DLI) levels with diff erent photoperiods and lightintensities on the growth and fl owering initiation of Phalaenopsis plants. Five-month-old Phalaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’plants were treated with combinations of three photoperiods [8/16 (day/night, short day, SD), 12/12 (medium day,MD), and 16/8 h (long day, LD)] and three light intensities in the range of photosynthetically active radiation of 50, 100, and200 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 , resulting in DLI levels ranging from 1.44 to 11.52 mol·m −2 ·d −1 with warm-white LEDs at 28°C duringthe vegetative period. Additionally, 12-month-old plants were treated with combinations of three photoperiods [8/16 (day/night, SD), 8 + 8/8 (day-extension (DE); an extension with 10 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 for 8 h right after the SD), and 16/8 h (LD)] andthree light intensities (75, 150, and 300 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 ), resulting in DLI levels ranging from 2.16 to 17.28 mol·m −2 ·d −1 , at20°C during the forcing period for fl owering. During the vegetative period, plants showed a tendency of overgrowth in leaves,via the formation of long and narrow leaves, as the light intensity decreased, irrespective of the photoperiod. The number ofnew leaves, total leaf area, and shoot and root dry weights increased with increasing photoperiod and light intensity, implyingan increase in the amount of light energy. During the forcing period, photoperiodic eff ects on fl owering initiation werenot observed, while increasing the light intensity increased the number of infl orescences and accelerated spiking. The DLIshowed higher correlation coeffi cients with growth and fl owering initiation characteristics than those of the photoperiodor light intensity alone. New leaf emergence, biomass accumulation, and spiking were enhanced as DLI levels increased,although these positive eff ects were gradually saturated. These fi ndings indicated that the DLI is a major factor in the growthand fl owering initiation of Phalaenopsis plants and increasing DLI levels can promote growth or fl owering initiation of theseplants. These fi ndings will be useful in controlling light conditions to maximize the growth rate and shorten the cultivationtime in Phalaenopsis cultivation.

인간적 삶을 위한 Sartre 와 Skinner 의 길

이효범 한국국민윤리학회 1984 倫理硏究 Vol.20 No.1

실내 굴진 시험을 통한 폼 주입 조건에 따른 인공 사질토 지반에서 EPB TBM 굴진성능에 대한 고찰

이효범,신다한,김대영,신영진,최항석 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2019 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.21 No.4

During EPB TBM tunnelling, an appropriate application of additives such as foam and polymer is an essential factor to secure the stability of TBM as well as tunnelling performance. From the ’90s, there have been many studies on the optimal injection of additives worldwidely contrary to the domestic situation. Therefore, in this paper, the foam, which is widely adopted for soil conditioning, was selected as an additive in order to investigate the effect of foam injection on TBM performance through a series of laboratory excavation tests. The excavation experiments were carried out on artificial sandy soil specimens with consideration of the variance of FIR (Foam Injection Ratio), FER (Foam Expansion Ratio) and Cf (Surfactant Concentration), which indicate the amount and quality of the foam. During the tests, torque values were measured, and the workability of conditioned soil was evaluated by comparing the slump values of muck after each experiment. In addition, a weight loss of the replaceable aluminum cutter bits installed on the blade was measured to estimate the degree of abrasion. Finally, the foam injection ratio for the optimal TBM excavation for the typical soil specimen was determined by comparing the measured torque, slump value and abrasion. Note that the foam injection conditions satisfying the appropriate level of machine load, mechanical wear and workability are essential in the EPB TBM operational design. EPB TBM 굴진 중 다양한 지반 조건에서 적절한 양의 폼(Foam), 폴리머(Polymer) 등 첨가제의 주입은 TBM 공사의 안정성은 물론 굴진 성능을 결정하는 중요한 요소이다. 국외에서는 90년대부터 최근까지 EPB TBM 공법을 토사 지반에적용할 때 최적의 첨가제 주입에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어졌으나 국내에서는 이와 관련된 연구가 매우 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 굴착토 컨디셔닝에 가장 널리 사용되는 폼을 첨가제로 선정하고 폼 주입에 따른 토사 지반에서의 TBM 굴진 성능 변화를 일련의 실내 굴진 시험을 통해 파악하였다. 굴진 시험은 인공 사질토 지반을 동일 다짐 조건으로 조성하고 폼의 주입량과 상태를 나타내는 변수인 FIR (Foam Injection Ratio), FER (Foam Expansion Ratio), Cf (Surfactant Concentration) 값을 변화시켜가며 수행되었으며, 각 시험에서 굴진 중 측정된 토크 값을 측정하였다. 또한굴진 시험 후, 배토된 흙의 슬럼프 값을 비교하여 컨디셔닝 된 시료의 워커빌리티(workability)를 평가하였으며, 블레이드에 설치된 알루미늄 커터의 무게 변화를 측정하여 컨디셔닝 조건에 따른 동일 위치에서의 커터 마모량을 비교하였다. 최종적으로 측정된 토크, 슬럼프 값, 마모량 결과의 비교를 통해 본 연구에서 적용된 인공 사질토 지반에서 최적 TBM 굴진을 위한 폼 주입비를 도출하였다. 연구 결과를 통해 지반 조건에 따라 다른 최적의 TBM 굴진 성능을 확보하기 위해서는 장비 부하, 기계 마모, 워커빌리티 확보에 대하여 적정 수준을 만족하는 폼 주입 조건이 존재하고 이에 대응하기 위한사전 폼 주입 설계가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.