The Risk of Malignancy in Korean Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

이화정 연세대학교의과대학 2019 Yonsei medical journal Vol.60 No.2

Purpose: To investigate the overall cancer risk and risk for specific cancers in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in Korea by comparingcancer incidence between RA patients and the general population. Materials and Methods: Individuals diagnosed with RA between 1996 and 2009 who underwent treatment at the Daegu CatholicUniversity Medical Center were retrospectively examined. 1885 patients with RA were included in the analyses. Occurrence ofcancer and death during follow up was ascertained by linking medical records to the Korean Central Cancer Registry and nationaldeath certificates. For comparing cancer incidence between RA patients and general population, standardized incidence ratios(SIR) were calculated. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SIRs were calculated using the shortcut method introduced by Vandenbroucke. Results: The total follow-up time was 10218.9 person-years. During follow up, 100 patients (31 men and 69 women) were diagnosedwith cancer. Both men and women had greater risks of having malignancy, although cancer risk was greater in men. Menshowed increased risks of lung cancer (SIR=5.46, 95% CI: 2.60–9.36) and leukemia (SIR=16.7, 95% CI: 1.58–47.9). Women showedincreased risks of thyroid cancer (SIR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.02–2.68), cervical cancer (SIR=3.65, 95% CI: 1.65–6.42), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma(SIR=6.47, 95% CI: 2.04–13.4), and gallbladder cancer (SIR=3.87, 95% CI: 1.01–8.60). Disease-modifying anti-rheumaticdrugs usage and cancer were not related: the relative risks of developing malignancy were not elevated for each medicine. Conclusion: The overall cancer incidence was increased in Korean men and women with RA. Increased risk of specific malignancydiffered according to sex.

뼈 가동성 운동이 기계적 목통증 환자의 목등뼈부 기능 수준과 자세, 통증 수준에 미치는 영향

이화정,김선엽 한국전문물리치료학회 2019 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Background: Individuals with mechanical neck pain show biomechanical and neurophysiological changes, including cervical spine muscle weakness. As a result of deep muscle weakness, it causes stability disability and reduced upper thoracic spine mobility, which finally leads to functional movement restriction such as limited range of motion and dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that thoracic spine manipulation and mobilization could reduce symptoms of mechanical neck pain in patients. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thoracic mobility exercise on cervicothoracic function, posture feature, and pain intensity in individuals with mechanical neck pain. Methods: The study subjects were 26 persons who were randomly assigned to the experimental (with thoracic mobility exercise) and control groups (without thoracic mobility exercise), with 13 subjects in each group. The cervicothoracic function (neck functional disability level and cervicothoracic range of motion), posture feature, and pain rating (using a quadrupled visual analogue scale [QVAS]) were measured before, after 3 weeks, and after 6 weeks. Results: Statistically significant group-by-time interactions were found with repeated analyses of variance for the Korean neck disability index (KNDI), all cervical range of motion (CROM), all thoracic range of motion (TROM), cranial rotation angle, sagittal shoulder posture (SSP), and QVAS (p<.05). All groups showed significant improvements from all times in all the evaluated methods. The KNDI, CROM, TROM of left rotation, and SSP in the experimental group showed significant improvements after 3 weeks, and the TROM of the right rotation and QVAS in the experimental group showed significant improvements after 6 weeks when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Thoracic mobility exercise during 6 weeks might be effective intervention to improve the functional level, posture feature, and QVAS pain rating for managing individuals with mechanical neck pain.

식이성 플라보노이드에 의한 암세포 사멸유도

이화정,최인아,이용수 덕성여자대학교 식물자원연구소 2009 식물자원연구소 논문집 Vol.8 No.

플라보노이드인 퀄세틴(quercetin), epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) 및 제니스타인(genistein)은 각종 암세포에 대해 세포사멸 효과가 있다는 사실이 입증되고 있다. 또한 이러한 플라보노이드 화합물은 caspases와 bcl-2 유전자와 같은 세포사멸 과정과 연루된 신호전달경로에 영향을 끼친다고 보고되고 있다. 본 종설논문에서는 이러한 플라보노이드화합물의 암세포 사멸작용에 대해 출판된 논문들을 종합적으로 정리하고 그 분자적 기전에 대한 이해를 돕기 위하여 세포내 신호체계에 중점을 두어 고찰하고자 한다.

공항 서비스품질이 고객만족에 미치는 영향: KAC-CSI 설문지의 학문적 타당성 검증

이화정,이상학 한국항공경영학회 2022 한국항공경영학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The global air transport market is growing steadily, especially at domestic airports, with an average of 8.5% or more users in the past decade. However, although it is currently under the control of international airline routes due to COVID-19, fierce competition between airports along with normal air operations is expected to continue after 2024. The competitiveness of the airport is determined by the customer satisfaction of the airport passengers and improving the quality of service is very important. In this study, KAC-CSI, which is used in practice to measure airport service quality, is conducted to reconstruct the questionnaire according to academic SERVPERF factors (tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy) and verify their validity. Surveys were conducted targeting Gimpo, Gimhae and Jeju Airport flight passengers using the KAC-CSI questionnaire. 395 parts of data were analyzed as research data and the relationship between each variable was analyzed through the structural equation model. The results indicated that the KAC-CSI questionnaire was confirmed to be academically suitable through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural model evaluation, which can be explained that KAC-CSI is valid as a SERVPERF measurement tool. Additionally, it was found that reliability, confidence, and empathy have significant (+) effects on the impact of service quality factors (tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy) on customer satisfaction. The magnitude of the influence was analyzed as empathy to have the biggest influence on the relationship with customer satisfaction. However, tangibles and responsiveness have been shown to be insignificant in their impact on customer satisfaction. In other words, in terms of airport services, human service factors such as considerations and interests of employees encountered at each contact point and service management activities that reduce the waiting time. For instance, airport security screening and the customer satisfaction measurement questionnaire currently utilized at the airport is required to complement the SERVPERF factors for each passenger route according to the academic system. 글로벌 항공 운송 시장은 꾸준히 성장하고 있으며, 특히 국내공항의 경우 지난 10년간 평균 8.5%이상 지속적으로 이용여객수가 증가하였다. 다만, 현재 코로나19로 인한 국제항공 노선의 통제로 주춤한현황이지만, 2024년도 이후에는 정상적인 항공 운항과 함께 공항간 치열한 경쟁은 계속 진행될 전망이다. 공항의 경쟁력은 공항이용 여객의 고객만족 여부에 따라 결정되고, 이를 위해 서비스 품질 향상이매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 공항 서비스 품질 측정을 위해 실무적으로 사용하고 있는 KAC-CSI를 학문적 SERVPERF 의 요인(유형성, 신뢰성, 확신성, 반응성, 공감성)에 맞춰 설문 문항을 재구성하고 이의 타당성을 검증하고자 진행하였다. 설문대상은 김포, 김해, 제주공항 항공여객으로 KAC-CSI 설문지를 활용한 결과데이터 395부를 연구 자료로 분석하였고, 구조방정식 모형을 통해 각 변수간 관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과, KAC-CSI 설문지는 확인적 요인분석(CFA)과 구조모델 평가를 통해 학문적으로도 적합하다고 확인되었으며, 이는 KAC-CSI가 SERVPERF 측정도구로서 타당성이 있다고 설명할 수 있다. 또한, 서비스 품질요인(유형성, 신뢰성, 확신성, 반응성, 공감성)이 고객만족에 미치는 영향에 있어 신뢰성, 확신성, 공감성이 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 영향의 크기는 공감성 > 신뢰성 > 확신성 순으로 공감성이 고객만족과의 관계에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 다만, 유형성과 반응성은 고객만족에 미치는 영향에 있어 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 공항 서비스에 있어 각 접점에서 만나는 직원들의 배려, 관심 등의 인적서비스 요인과 공항 보안검색 등의 체감 대기시간을 줄이는 서비스 경영활동이 요구되며, 현재 공항에서 실무적으로 활용하고 있는 고객만족도 측정 설문문항을 학문적 체계에 맞춰 각 여객 동선별로 서비스 품질(SERVPERF) 요인에 맞게 보완하는 작업이 필요하다는 시사점을 발견하였다.

얼굴 매뉴얼테크닉을 이용한 스트레스 감소 효과

이화정,이종헌 대한구강악안면병리학회 2018 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.42 No.3

As human's average lifespan is gradually increased, the interest in the quality of life and health is also increasing. More and more customers like to use the facial manual technique as a way to live a healthy life, instead of using it as measures to simply improve skin troubles or to have beautiful skin. The facial manual technique performed in the skin care stage is closely related to the decrease of stress. In order to verify the effects of facial manual technique on the decrease of stress, an experiment was conducted in the same method by dividing 16 women residing in Seoul into four groups, from September 1st to September 30th 2016. To understand their general characteristics, perceptual stress, and satisfaction with facial manual technique through questionnaire, the frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were performed by using SPSS 22.0 program. The paired t-test was conducted to see changes in stress, LF, HF, LF/HF, average pulse, pulse standard, and average deviation before/after experiment. The stress index was decreased in every group. Especially, the group of the 20s showed a huge decrease(24.3%), which was significant to every group except for the 50s. In the results of LF, the group of the 20s and of the 30s increased 2.8% and 4.6% respectively, which was significant. In the group of the 40s, it was increased 4.0% while it was decreased 1.2% in the 50s. Rather than women in climacteric age, it was more effective for women in younger age. In results of pulse standard, it was increased 36.5% in the 20s, 63.6% in the 40s respectively, which was significant(p<0.05, p<0.01). In the group of the 30s and 50s, the significant values were not shown although it was still increased 48.3% and 65.1% respectively. In the survey of the facial manual technique, the whole participants showed positive responses to its effects on the decrease of stress. A majority of them took easy to control feelings, and it was highly possible for them to use it perio-dically in the future. It suggested that the effects of facial manual technique could play a role on recovering psychological stability and decrease of stress. It could be considered as a safe and effective healthcare method to improve the quality of human's life.

문화적 전환을 위한 노인교육의 새로운 과제

이화정 한국평생교육학회 2000 평생교육학연구 Vol.6 No.1

한국형 여드름 중증도 시스템을 이용한 Citral의 여드름 효능평가

이화정 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회 추계학술발표회 Vol.2009 No.-

일본의 과학기술계인재육성을 위한SSH의 추진전략

이화정 한국일본학회 2012 한국일본학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.02

지필식 수행평가에 나타난 평정자내와 평정자간 채점결과의 신뢰도 분석

이화정 영남대학교 통계연구소 2001 통계처리상담사례집 Vol.6 No.-

길경(桔梗)의 내외부형태 연구

이화정,최문일,윤주봉,김자영,강경식,신철균,주영승,Lee, Hwa-Jung,Choi, Mun-Il,Yun, Ju-Bong,Kim, Ja-Young,Kang, Kyoung-Sik,Shin, Chol-Gyun,Ju, Young-Sung 대한한의학방제학회 2006 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this work is the making of morphological standard in platycodi radix. Methods: The external-internal morphological standards were determined by using stereoscope and butanol series. Conclusions: The external and internal characteristics according to the shape of original plant or herbal states. entirely correspond to all the literature on this subject. According to the place of production. the difference appears. (1) In the external shapes. as the Korean products. the distinction among the first. medium. poor class products was caused by the state of processing of desiccation. But as the foreign products, it was caused by the difference of size, color and especially color of circle. (2) In the internal shapes. the Mt. Baekdu region products is not skinned and has the deep state of suberization of cork phellogen. so it makes certain distinctional point. And the Korean products has the much latex tube group relatively and the bigger crevice than the foreign one.