The Antioxidative Activity of Glutathione-Enriched Extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8 in In Vitro Model System

이치형,차재영,전방실,이호준,이영춘,최용락,조영수,Lee Chi-Hyeoung,Cha Jae-Young,Jun Bang-Sil,Lee Ho-Jun,Lee Young-Chun,Cho Yong-Lark,Cho Young-Su Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.5

항산화물질인 glutathione (${\gamma}$-L-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) 고함유 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8에서 생산된 glutathione을 함유한 세포 추출액의 항산화 활성을 in vitro 과산화지질 실험계인 DPPH($a,{\;}\acute{a}-diphenyl-\beta-picrylhydrazyl$)법, linoleic acid를 이용한 ferric thiocyanate법과 TBA법 및 microsome 생체막 지질 과산화물 생성정도의 TBARS법으로 측정하였다. YM 최적 배지에서 생산된 glutathione 농도는 $204\mug/ml$로 YM 기본배지에서 생산된 glutathione 농도 $74\mug/ml$보다 2.76배 증가하였다. 본 실험에서는 YM 기본배지와 최적배지에서 S. cerevisiae FF-8이 생산하는 glutathione 함량에 따른 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. DPPH 측정법에서는 짙은 자색의 탈색되는 정도로 나타내는 전자 공여능이 glutathione 함량이 높은 최적 생산배지에서 S. cerevisiae FF-8가 생산하는 glutathione고함유 세포 추출액에서 대조구인 $ 0.05\%BHT $와 비슷한 수준으로 항산화 활성이 높게 나타났다. 각 조직 microsome을 이용한 생체막 지질 과산화 억제정도는 최적 생산배지에서 전체적으로 높게 나타났으며, 간장 $60.98\%$, 신장 $56.43\%$, 심장 $52.91\%$, 뇌 $52.13\%$, 고환$45.57\%$ 및 비장 $42.95\%$순으로 나타났다 Linoleic acid 산화 실험계를 이용한 ferric thiocyanate법에서는 최적 생산배지가 반응 7일째까지 대조구에 비해 강한 항산화 활성을 보였으며, TBA법에서는 반응 5일째까지 최적 생산배지가 YM 배지보다는 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다 이상의 결과에서 Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8 균주가 glutathione을 생산하는 최적배지 조건에서 생산된 glutathione 고함유 세포 추출액은 in vitro 항산화 실험계인 DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric thiocyanate and TBARS 측정에서 항산화 활성을 나타내는 생리활성 성분을 지닌 것으로 나타나 천연 항산화제로서의 사용 가능성을 시사하였다. The Antioxidative accvities of the cell free extracts containing high glutathione by Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8 were tested in vitro experimental models : DPPH method for radical scavenging activity, ferric TBA method and ferric thiocyanate method using linoleic acid and tissue microsome for lipid peroxidation inhibitions. The concentration of intercellular glutathione by cultivating S. cerevisiae FF-8 in the YM optimal medium obtained $204\mug/ml$, which was increased by 2.76-fold from $74\mug/ml$ in the YM basal medium. A comparition between the YM basal medium and the YM optimal medium on antioxidative substance produced by S. cerevisiae FF-8 was investigated. In DPPH ($\alpha, \alpha-diphenyl-\beta-picrylhydrazyl$) method, the electron donating activity of the glutathione produced by S. cerevisiae FF-8 cultured in the YM optimal medium was as high as that of BHT ($ 0.05\%w/v $). The antioxidative a.tivity was measured by inhibition against lipid peroxidation of rat tissues' microsomes. The results of anti-oxidant activity of the cell free extracts by S. rerevisiae FF-8 cultured in the YM optimal medium was shown in the following order . $ liver 60.98\% > kidney 56.43\% > heart 52.91\% > brain 52.13\% > testis 45.57\% > spleen 42.95\% $. In antioxidative activities determined by ferric thiocyanate method and TBA methods against lipid peroxidation, the lipid peroxidation in the control mixture increased more rapidly than the typical peroxidation curve of linoleic acid from one day. The antioxidative activity of the cell free extracts by cultivating S. cerevisine FF-8 in the YM optimal medium were higher than that of the YM basal medium. These data indicate that the cell free extracts containing a high intercellular glutathione of S. cerevisiae FF-8 cultured in YM optimal medium showed strong antioxidative capacities by DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric thiocyanate and TBARS measurements.

Relationship between Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Fractional Anisotropy Value of Diffusion Tensor Image in Brain White Matter Region

이치형,김경립,곽종혁,Lee, Chi Hyung,Kim, Gyeong Rip,Kwak, Jong Hyeok The Korean Society of Radiology 2022 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.16 No.5

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has revealed the disruption of brain white matter microstructure in normal aging and alcoholism undetectable with conventional structural MR imaging. we plan to analyze the FA measurements of the ROI of dangerous drinkers selected from Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Tract-Based Spatial Statics (TBSS) tool was used to extract FA values in the ROI from the image acquired through the pre-processing process. TBSS has a higher sensitivity of the FA value and MD value in the white matter than the brain gray matter, and has the advantage of quantitatively deriving the unlimited degree of brain nerve fibers, and more specialized in the brain white matter. We plan to analyze the fractional anisotropy (FA) measurement value for damage by selecting the center of the anatomical structure of the white matter region of the brain with high anisotropy among the brain neural networks that are particularly vulnerable to alcohol as the region of interest (ROI). In this study, we expected that alcohol causes damage to the brain white matter microstructure from FA value in various areas including both Choroid plexus. Especially, In the case of the moderate drunker, the mean value of FA in Lt, Rt. Choroid plexus was 0.2831 and 0.2872, whereas, in the case of the severe drunker, the mean value of FA was 0.1972 and 0.1936. We found that the higher the score on the AUDIT scale, the lower the FA value in ROI region of the brain white matter. Using the AUDIT scale, the guideline for the FA value of DTI can be presented, and it is possible to select a significant number of potentially severe drinkers. In other words, AUDIT was proved as useful tool in screening and discrimination of severe drunker through DTI.

개방형 콘텐츠 유통환경에서 시장집중 규제에 대한 비판적 고찰

이치형(Chi Hyung Lee),이중만(Jungmann Lee),이종원(Jongwon Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.12 No.11

전통적으로 미디어 시장은 사업자수가 적고 특정 미디어의 영향력이 크기 때문에 시장집중을 엄격하게 규제하여 왔다. 하지만 미디어에 개방형 인터넷이 도입됨에 따라 미디어 규제의 근거인 희소성과 침투성 개념이 약해지고 있다. 본 연구는 미디어 융합 환경에서 기존 시장집중 규제의 문제점을 비판적으로 평가한다. 개방형 콘텐츠 유통구조에서 시장성과는 시장구조보다 사업자행위에 더 영향을 받으며, 수직결합이 서비스 혁신의 수단으로 부각되고 있고, 시장획정이 끊임없이 변하기 때문에 시장집중 측정이 어려워지고 있다. 따라서 시장집중은 단순히 사업자의 시장점유율과 같은 구조적 요인으로만 규제할 것이 아니라 시장비효율과 다양성을 저해하는 사업자 행위를 중심으로 규제하는 것이 더 적합하다는 결론이다. Government has strictly regulated the concentration of the media market because the number of broadcasters was traditionally limited and they had significant influence on public. However as the media market converges with Internets open architecture, scarcity and pervasiveness are losing their roles in justifying media regulation. This article examines market convergence and its impact on market concentration, and criticizes the current concentration regulation. The study indicates that market performance are much governed by firms competitive actions than market structure, and that vertical integration contributes to service innovations, and that horizontal concentration makes it difficult to measure due to its even-changing market definition. Therefore, the regulation for market concentration should shift its focus from firms market share to broadcasters unfair acts driving market inefficiency and hurting content diversity.

난소 및 자궁부속기 염전의 보존적 치료를 위한 색도플러 초음파검사의 의의

이치형(CH Lee),황경주(KJ Hwang),장기홍(KH Jang),권혁찬(HC Kwon),유희석(HS Ryu),이은주(EJ Lee),이숙영(SY Lee),오기석(KS Oh) 대한산부인과학회 1997 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.40 No.7

Torsion of the adnexa is a well-known gynecologic cause of an acute surgical abdomen. Delay in diagnosis, inability to distinguish strangulation from necrosis, and fear of embolus dislodgement have made adnexectomy the accepted method of management of adnexal torsion. This condition occurs most commonly in the reproductive years, yet methods to preserve viable ovarian tissue have not been routinely used or evaluated. Therefore, in order to ascertain if color Doppler sonography(CDS) can detect adnexal viability, ultrasonography with CDS of the ovarian pedicle was performed in 27 patients in whom torsion of the ovarian tumor was confirmed surgically. We were able to identify a twisted vascular pedicle of the ovarian tumor by ultrasonography in 24 of 27 patients(88% detectability). In 10 patients in which pedicle arterial and venous blood flow was observed, the pathology specimens revealed normal, or edema with congestion, or early hemorrhage, but in the 9 cases where only arterial blood flow was observed or where there was no blood flow at all, pathology revealed hemorrhagic necrosis in all cases. In 5 cases where there was arterial blood flow the tumor was managed conservatively, either by detorsion or cytectomy, after which there was no cases of embolism or tumor recurrence during follow up ultrasonography. Normal follicular development and ovulation was also observed in these patients. In conclusion, for young women who are of child-bearing age in whom torsion of benign adnexal tumors is suspected, CDS should be conducted to detect torsion of the tumor and ascertain whether pedicle venous blood flow is present or not. If such blood flow is detected, the adnexa is considered to be viable and detorsion or cystectomy may be performed, thus preserving the ovary.

스마트폰에서 제공되는 실시간 방송서비스 규제방안에 관한 연구 - CJ 티빙서비스를 중심으로

이치형 ( Chi Hyung Lee ),박성원 ( Seong Won Park ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.13 No.6

스마트폰에서 제공되는 방송서비스에 대해 지상파 혹은 케이블 수준의 규제를 적용해야 한다는 입장과 별도의 규제가 필요하지 않다는 입장이 대립하고 있다. 본 연구는 CJ 티빙서비스를 중심으로 스마트폰에서 제공되는 방송서비스에 대해 규제 방안을 제안하는 것이 목적이다. 연구를 위해 방송 및 콘텐츠 기업, 규제기관, 정책연구소, 컨설팅기업 간부급 14명으로 구성된 전문가 인터뷰를 실시했다. 인터뷰 분석 결과 스마트폰 방송서비스는 콘텐츠 형식으로 보면 방송의 형태를 띠고 있지만 당분간 규제가 필요 없다는 것이 공통적인 의견이다. 근거로 규제의 실효성이 낮고, 대부분의 콘텐츠가 이미 다른 플랫폼에서 검증 받았으며, 서비스의 사회적 영향력이 아직 미약하기 때문이다. 따라서 당분간 스마트폰 방송서비스는 인터넷과 같이 자율규제가 적합하며, 현행법에서 전기통신사업법의 부가통신사업으로 분류하는 것이 타당하다고 결론 내렸다. There is a growing controversy on whether and how to regulate real-time broadcasting services carried on smartphone. Some advocates strict regulation on them but the others minimal regulation. This study aims to suggest guiding rules for how to regulate broadcasting services in smartphone. For this, the study interviewed fourteen (14) executives of broadcasting companies, content providers, policy research center and regulatory body. The analysis indicates that linear channel service in smartphone is similar in form to traditional broadcasting but they should not be regulated at this moment. The supporting reasons are 1) regulating them is technically not effective, 2) they were already regulated in their primary service platforms, 3) they don`t have a significant impact on a society. Consequently, the study suggests that the service providers are categorized as value added common carriers as defined in the Telecommunication Business Act.

Multiple Spinal Metastases of Anaplastic Meningioma: A Case Report

Lee Jong Hyeok,Sung Soon Ki,Oh Bu Kwang,Lee Jun Seok,이치형,Hwang Chung Su,Lee Sang Weon,Song Geun Sung 대한말초신경학회 2023 The Nerve Vol.9 No.1

Meningiomas are primary benign tumors that occur in intracranial and intraspinal regions. Rarely, atypical and anaplastic meningiomas exhibit malignant tendencies and can metastasize. A 56-year-old female patient visited the hospital complaining of a dull headache, mild dysarthria, sudden onset of blurred vision, and mild weakness in the left upper limbs. A homogeneously augmented mass was revealed in the right temporal lobe following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was determined to be an anaplastic meningioma after surgical resection. During follow-up, revision surgery was performed due to the recurrence of the primary tumor. After the revision surgery, the patient complained of new symptoms, which included paresthesia and muscle weakness in the right lower extremity. MRI revealed a mass in the cervical and lumbar vertebrae suspected to have been metastasized. Another revision surgery was conducted on the intracranial primary tumor. The tumor was resected from the cervical and lumbar vertebrae. Histopathology revealed that they were all anaplastic meningiomas. Although anaplastic meningioma is rare, it can cause extracranial metastases. This case shows that multiple spinal metastases of anaplastic meningioma require considerable attention in diagnosis and treatment.

신념의 형성과 사육신의 충절: 도덕교육의 성격과 과제에 고함

이치형(Chi-Hyung Lee) 한국도덕교육학회 2021 道德敎育硏究 Vol.33 No.2

이 글의 목적은 단재 신채호의 민족사학적 관점을 통해 死六臣의 정신을 탐색하여 도덕교육의 성격과 과제에 대한 함의를 드러내는 데에 있다. 본 연구에 따르면, 도덕교육의 이론적 측면은 반드시 실제적 측면과 더불어 그 원리가 도출될 수밖에 없으며, 그렇게 될 때 현실을 살아가는 ‘삶의 이론’이 될 수 있다는 점이다. 따라서 도덕교육의 성격은 삶의 이론으로서의 역할을 수행해야 하는 과제를 떠안게 되며, 이는 곧 도덕교육에서는 이론과 실제가 별개가 아닌 ‘미묘한 균형’을 바탕으로 전개된다는 점을 의미하는 것으로 해석된다. 그리하여 도덕교육을 연구하는 사람은 곧 그의 삶이 매순간 도덕교육의 방법적 원리에 의해 뒷받침되는 실천적 삶을 살아가도록 한다는 자기규제[자율]의 의미를 지니게 되며, 이는 곧 ‘실재에의 登程’의 삶을 조금씩 실천하면서 살아간다는 것과 별개의 것이 아님이 확인된다. The purpose of this article is to explore the spirit of the deceased through the ethnic historical perspective of Danjae Shin Chae-ho, revealing the implications of moral education and its challenges. According to this study, the theoretical aspect of moral educa―tion must be derived along with the practical aspect, and when it does, it can be a theory of life to live reality. Therefore, the nature of moral education takes on the task of performing its role as a theory of life, which is interpreted as meaning that theory and practice develop on the basis of exquisite balance rather than separately in moral education. Therefore, a person who studies moral education soon has the meaning of self-regulation (autonomy) that his life is supported by the methodical principles of moral education every moment, which is not separate from practicing the life of departing to reality.

해외유료방송의 시장집중과 시장성과 간의 관계분석을 통한 미디어산업 규제 및 정책 방향

이치형 ( Chi Hyung Lee ),이봉규 ( Bong Gyou Lee ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2011 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.12 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 해외유료방송의 시장집중과 시장성과 간의 실증적인 관계분석을 통해 국내 미디어산업의 바람직한 규제 및 정책 방향을 고찰해 보는 것이다. 세계적으로 방송통신이 융합되어 규제가 완화되고 있음에도 불구하고, 국내의 경우에는 미디어 시장이 특정사업자에 집중될 경우 시장 비효율이 발생하고 다양성이 훼손된다는 전제 하에, 여전히 시장집중현상을 집중적으로 규제하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전 세계 17개 유료방송시장을 대상으로 1위 사업자의 시장점유 정도가 시장가격과 서비스 보급에 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 조사결과 시장집중 현상이 초래되어도 가격이 상향되거나 서비스 보급이 지연되는 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과, 시장성과에 영향을 주는 요인들이 다각화되었기 때문에 단순히 시장집중만을 규제하면 기술혁신 침체와 같은 부작용도 발생하는 것을 포함하여 다양한 시사점들이 도출되었다. The purpose of this study is to provide relevant directions of media industry regulation and policy by analyzing the relationship between market concentration and performance in global pay TV markets. The market concentration has long been regulated in the media industry under the belief that it harms market efficiency and cultural diversity. As the global media market is undergoing significant chance accelerated by the advance of technology, it is necessary to examine the feasibility of this long myth. The data are collected from global 17 pay TV markets and analyzed to see whether the highly concentrated markets by a single player result in higher price and slower service penetration. The result indicates that the price is not escalated and the penetration is not limited even in the markets where a dominant player takes high market share. It implies that more diverse factors other than the market concentration affect the market performance and that maintaining strict regulation of the market concentration is likely to have negative effect on technology innovation.

교과와 수업: 불교 인식론적 관점

이치형 ( Chihyung Lee ) 한국교육과정학회 2020 교육과정연구 Vol.38 No.3

This study explores the internalization process of a classroom subject from the perspective of epistemology, particularly Buddhist epistemology. Buddhist epistemology can be presented by dividing the surface and deep levels. From this point of view, it is possible to explain a subject’s internalization process more specifically in relation to deeper perception because the system can be explained as a dynamic process through the interaction between surface and deep perceptions. Furthermore, it is easier to explain the subject in relation to the world and the mind by the Buddhist epistemology based on the Alaya-Vijnana System, and this understanding will contribute to solving the controversy about ‘the first knowledge,’ which has been called Meno’s Paradox and has been challenging when explaining a subject’s learning-internalization. Also, by the curriculum establishing a class as the interaction between the teachers’ and students’ perceptions of the complex interaction between surface and deep perceptions, it is possible to explain class dynamics more specifically, which will be an opportunity to explain the relationship between curriculum education and personality education.

학교 명성이 학생 불만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이치형(Cheehyoung Lee),권익현(IckhyunKwon) 동국대학교 경영연구원 2015 경영과 사례연구 Vol.38 No.1

학령인구의 감소와 대학수 증가, 그리고 교육시장 개방 등으로 교육환경의 급격한 변화를 맞고 있는 국내대학에게 있어 교육서비스품질과 학생만족은 대학의 생존에 더욱 중요한 요인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 학생만족의 원인변수로 주목받는 학교명성을 독립변수로 설정하고, 교육서비스품질을 매개변수로 하여 연구를 하였다. 교육서비스품질은 성과적 측면을 강조하는 SERVPERF모형을 이용하여, 유형성, 신뢰성, 응답성, 확신성, 공감성의 5개 차원으로 학교명성과 학생만족간의 매개역할을 검증하였다. 연구결과 학교명성이 높을수록 학생 불만족이 작아지는 것을 확인하였고, 교육서비스품질 지각은 학교명성이 학생불만족에 미치는 영향을 매개하는데 유형성, 신뢰성, 확신성은 완전매개 그리고 응답성과 공감성은 부분매개하는 것으로 나타나 서비스품질 하위차원 영역별로 다른 영향력이 확인되었다. An Education service quality and a student satisfaction are becoming increasingly critical factors for university s survival and competitiveness, as domestic universities are suffering from the reducing school age populations, the increasing number of universities and the liberalization of education market. In this study, a school reputation which receives growing attention as a causal variable was settled as a independent variable, and an education service quality as a mediator. The SERVPERF model which is focused on performance and is composed of 5 dimensions of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy was used for assessing the mediating roles between a school reputation and a student satisfaction. As a result of hypothesis test, a school reputation has negative causal relationship with dissatisfaction, and a perceived education service quality mediates the effect of student dissatisfaction on school reputation. In specific, the 3 dimensions of tangibles, reliability, assurance fully mediate, and the 2 dimensions of responsiveness and empathy partially mediate. It was proved that each dimensions of the service quality has a different mediating effects each other.