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이철원,임인칠,Lee, Chul-Won,Lim, In-Chil 대한전자공학회 1996 전자공학회논문지-B Vol.b33 No.1
본 논문에서는 이산 은닉 마코프 모델(Discrete Hidden Markov Model)을 이용한 연결 음성 인식에 관한 알고리듬 및 모델 토폴로지를 제안한다. 제안된 모델은 인식률과 인식할 수 있는 어휘를 고려하여 2 음소열 및 3 음소열 모델을 사용하며, 보다 정확한 음소 간의 세그멘테이션과 알고리듬의 수행 속도를 고려하여 2 음소열에서는 첫 번째 상태와 마지막 상태를 안정 상태, 나머지 상태는 천이 상태인 4 개의 상태를 갖도록 하고, 또한 3 음소열에서는 7 개의 상태를 갖도록 하며, 여기서 7개의 상태는 3 개의 안정 상태와 4개의 천이 상태를 갖도록 개선한다. 또한, 제안된 음성 인식 알고리듬은 인식 과정 내에서 음소의 발음 구간을 검출하도록 설계한다. This paper proposes an algorithm and a model topology for the connected speech recognition using Discrete Hidden Markov Models. A proposed model uses diphone and triphone model which consider the recognition rate and recognisable vocabulary. Considering more exact inter- phoneme segmentation and execution speed of algorithm, 4 states have to exist in diphone model where the first state and the last state are keeping a steady state, the other states hold a transient state. 7 states have to exist in triphone model where 7 states are specified and improved to 3 steady states and 4 transition states. Also, the proposed speech recognition algorithm is designed to detect the inter-phoneme segmentation during the recognition processing.
원문 : 크레아틴-중탄산나트륨의 복합투여가 암-에르고미터 운동수행력에 미치는 영향
이철원 ( Cheol Won Lee ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.3
이철원. 크레아틴-중탄산나트륨의 복합투여가 암-에르고미터 운동수행력에 미치는 영향. 운동과학, 제23권 제3호. 257-266 2014. 본 연구는 크레아틴, 중탄산나트륨, 그리고 크레아틴과 중탄산나트륨의 복합투여가 암-에르고미터(arm-ergometer)를 이용한 상지 근기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 경기도 소재 Y대학교 체육계열 남·여학생 17명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 무선추출법을 통해 크레아틴 투여집단(n=7), 중탄산나트륨 투여집단(n=5), 크레아틴과 중탄산나트륨의 복합투여집단(n=5), 총 3 집단으로 나누어 암-에르고미터를 이용한 상지 근기능 사전검사(pre-test) 후 집단별 로딩(loading)이 완료된 5일 후 사후검사(post-test)를 동일하게 실시하였다. 자료처리는 통계패키지 SPSS Ver. 12.0을 이용하여 모든 변인의 측정결과를 평균과 표준편차로 산출하고, 집단 및 시기 차이에 대한 주효과검정과 집단과 상호작용효과를 알아보기 위해 반복측정에 의한 이원변량분석 (Two-way repeated measured ANOVA)을 실시하였으며, 모든 통계적 유의수준은 p<.05로 설정하였다. 본 연구의 결과 암-에르고미터를 통한 검사 항목에서 최고 파워, 피로지수, 체중당 피크파워, 안정시 젖산농도 등에서 시기에 따른 유의한 차를 나타내었으나, 집단 간 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로, 크레아틴과 중탄산나트륨 그리고 크레아틴과 중탄산나트륨의 복합투여는 암-에르고미터를 이용한 상지 운동수행력에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 복합투여의 우수성은 나타나지 않았다. Lee, Cheol-Won. The Effect of Combined Creatine and Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Arm Ergometer Performance. Exercise Science. 23(3): 257-266, 2014. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of creatine, sodium bicarbonate and combined creatine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on upper limbs with arm-ergometer. Seventeen students majoring in physical education were randomly assigned to 3 groups [creatine (n=7), sodium bicarbonate (n=5), creatine & sodium bicarbonate (n=5)]. Pre-test consisted of muscular function of upper limbs with arm-ergometer and after 5 days later for creatine and sodium bicarbonate loading, post-test was processed with the same way as pre-test. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way repeated measured ANOVA for intervention. Significance was accepted at p<.05. The following results were obtained from this study. Peak power, fatigue index, peak power/kg and peak attainment time of arm-ergometer test were significantly (p<.05) increased by time but no difference among the groups. In conclusion, creatine, sodium bicarbonate and combined creatine & sodium bicarbonate supplementation favorably affected muscular function of upper limbs with arm-ergometer but there were no significant difference among the groups.
서키트운동 프로그램이 고령비만 노인의 신체조성, 혈중지질 및 간기능에 미치는 효과
이철원(Cheol Won Lee),이동희(Dong Hee Lee),윤진환(Jin Hwan Yoon) 한국사회체육학회 2011 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.45
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of body composition, blood lipids and liver function variables in elderly people with obesity after 12 weeks circuit exercise programs. These people were classified to two groups, who one group or exercise group(n=13) was participating in an exercise program for 12 weeks, and the other group or non-exercise group(n=13) was not in that program. And the exercise programs were performed by warm up, workout(involving aerobic exercise and weight training), and then cool down. All the measured data were represented by mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) using SPSS package program. The results of all the Studies and inspections are as followed: At first, in the body composition, there were significant differences in body weight, muscle mass, fat mass, percent fat, and body mass index in exercise group. At second, in the blood lipids and liver function variables, there were no significant differences in both exercise group and control group. The investigation of this paper has shown the results, which involved in positive changes of 12 weeks circuit exercise programs on body composition and blood lipids variables in elderly people who had been to exercise regularly.
신 중국 성립(1949-1954)시기 외교정책에 관한 연구 : 이데올로기의 영향을 중심으로
이철원 ( Lee Chulwon ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2018 中國硏究 Vol.75 No.-
The year 1949 proved pivotal in changing the dynamics of post-World War II international relations. In October 1949, the People’s Republic of China(PRC) replaced after the Chinese Communists won a nationwide victory in the civil war. Communist China, comprising a quarter of the world’s population, had inevitably extended the Cold War to East Asia. The PRC’s foreign policy during the Cold War went through several distinctive stages. October 1949, PRC, the Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong announced that New China would support the Soviet Union in international affairs. U.S. settled on a policy of non-recognition of the PRC. The Chinese and Soviet leaders signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance on February 14, 1950. The alliance was mainly a military agreement, which committed the two sides to come to each other’s aid if either were attacked by Japanor the United States. The outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950 disrupted any possible stabilization of the Sino-American relations. The PRC and the United States would be locked into a deadly three-year war in the Korean peninsula from June 1950 to July 1953. After China entered the Korean War in October 1950, the U.S.would perceive the PRC as a major threat to its key interest in Asia, and to the security of Japan. Blocking the PRC’s membership in the UN, and further isolating the PRC politically. The PRC’s hostility toward the U.S.and Washington’s reciprocation intensified the Cold War in the region. The Chinese quarreled with the Soviets over the issue of de-Stalinization, the Soviet proposal of building a joint long-wave radio station and nuclear submarine fleet in China, differing interpretations of Marxism-Leninism, Khrushchev’s attempt to reach an accommodation with the West, and the USSR’s refusal to support China during its conflict with India in the second half of 1959 and early 1960. In July 1960, Moscow announced the abrupt removal of Soviet advisers and technical personnel from China. By the early 1960s, the Sino-Soviet dispute spread from ideology to state-to-state relations. Tensions rose along the Sino-Soviet border. The Sino-Soviet alliance collapsed.