황소개구리 (Rana catesbeiana)와 참개구리 (Rana nigromaculata) 정자의 미세구조

이정훈,박기룡,Lee, Jung-Hun,Park, Ki-Ryong 한국현미경학회 2005 Applied microscopy Vol.35 No.4

본 연구는 개구리과 (Ranidae)에 속하는 황소개구리(Rana catesbeiana)와 참개구리 (Rana nigromaculata)에 대한 정자의 형태적 특징을 알아보기 위하여 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 황소개구리와 참개구리의 정자 모두 두부의 형태는 긴 원통형이었다. 정자의 전체길이는 참개구리 ($51.2{\mu}m$)가 황소개구리($44.6{\mu}m$) 보다 더 길며, 이들 두 종 모두는 긴 머리와 매우 짧은중편부 및 아주 긴 주편부를 가지고 있었다. 이들 두 종 모두 핵내에는 글리코겐 과립을 함유하고 있었으며, 경부 (Neck)는 잘 발달되어져 있지 않은 반면, 축사구조는 9+2 구조로 구성되어져 있었다. 중편부의 미토콘드리아 수는 포유동물 정자의 그것에 비해 매우 적으며, 축사를 중심으로 다소 불규칙하게 감겨져 있었다. 이러한 사실로 미루어 보아, 황소개구리와 참개구리는 정자두부, 경부 및 중편부 그리고 미토콘드리아의 위치와 축사구조가 매우 유사함으로 이들 두 종은 유연관계가 깊은 군이라 여겨진다. The sperm morphology of two Korean frogs, Rana catesbeiana and R. nigromaculata (Ranidae) was studied with the light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Sperm heads of the R. catesbeiana and R. nigromaculata were long-cylinder shapes. In the total length of R. nigromaculata sperm ($51.2{\mu}m$) was longer than those of R. catesbeiana ($44.6{\mu}m$). Both R. catesbeiana and R. nigromaculata had the long head and principal piece, and short middle piece, but the neck was undeveloped. The axonemal structures contain a 9+9+2 arrangement of microtubules. The number of mitochondria in middle piece have less than mammalian sperm, which irregular surrounded the axone of the middle piece. In conclusion, R. catesbeiana and R. nigromaculata shared many similar features in sperm heads, neck, middle piece, and a site of mitochondria and axial structure, and it suggests that these species should be closely related.

한국산 흰넓적다리 붉은쥐 (Apodemus spesiosus peninsulae)의 정자변태

이정훈,Lee, Jung-Hun 한국현미경학회 1996 Applied microscopy Vol.26 No.2

In order to study process of spermiogenesis of the Korean manchurian field mouse, Apodemus spesiosus peninsulae, the testis obtained from sexually matured male reproductive organs, were examined with electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained based on the characters of cell differentiation. 1. According to the features of cell structure, spermiogenesis of the Apodemus spesiosus peninsulae was five phases: Golgi, cap, acrosome, maturation and spermiation phase. They were further subdivided into two steps of early and late phases respectively. Hence, the spermiogenesis consists of ten steps. 2. In the changes of the chromatin, the chromatin granules began to be condenced in the cap phase and regularizated at maturation phases, and a perfect nucleus of sperm was formed at the spermiation phases. 3. The formative period of sperm tail began to be develop in the early Golgi phase and completed at the spermiation phases 4. The outer dence fibers of middle piece were arranged in a horseshoe fashion. Nos. 1, 5, 6 and 9 of the outer dense fibers were larger than the others. The structure of axoneme in the middle piece was 9+2, and the axonemal complex consists of A and B microtubules, dynein arms and radial links.

큰발웃수염박쥐 (Myotis macrodactylus)의 정상피세포의 분화와 미세구조

이정훈,Lee, Jung-Hun 한국현미경학회 2003 Applied microscopy Vol.33 No.1

큰발웃수염박쥐 (Myotis macrodactylus)의 세정관 정상피의 분화과정과 미세구조적 특징들은 알아보기 위하여 광학 및 전자현미경을 이용하여 조사하였다. 정자형성 과정은 4월부터 9월까지로 나타났다. 정자형성세포의 미세 구조적 특징에 있어서, A형 (Ad, Ap)의 정원세포는 기저막 위에 위치하며, Sertoli cell에 의해 둘러싸여져 있고, 대부분의 세포는 타원형이다. Ad형은 Ap형 보다 핵과 세포질의 전자밀도가 높은 것이 특징적인 반면에, B형의 정원세포는 구형의 세포로서 A형 정원세포 보다 세포가 크며, Ap형과 마찬가지로 세포질이 밝고, 거의 핵소체가 핵막에 인접되어 있다. 정모세포는 크고 구형이지만, 제 1 정모세포가 제 2 정모세포보다 다소 크다. 정자변태는 골지, 두모, 첨체, 성숙 및 이탈기로 구분하였고, 세포구조물의 특징들에 의해 각각 전 후기로 다시 세분하여 전과정을 9 (기)로 나누었다. 핵질의 변화는 골지후기부터 서서히 응축하기 시작하여, 이탈기에서 완전한 핵을 형성하였다. 정자꼬리의 형성시기는 골지전기에서 형성하기 시작하여 이탈기에서 완성되었다. 동면직전 10월부터 동면기 (11월, 12월, 이듬해 1, 2, 3월)까지는 정자형성 세포의 퇴화과정이 일어났다. 즉 미분화 정자형성 세포들은 세르톨리 세포의 식작용에 의해 포식되어졌는데 이는 동면을 위한 에너지 효율적 이용과 번식조절을 위한 적응 메카니즘이라 여겨진다. Cell differentiation and ultrastructural characteristics in the seminiferous epithelium of Myotis macrodactylus was investigated with the light and electron microscopes. Spermatogenesis has begun at April and finished at September. The nuclei of A spermatogonia (dark and pale type of spermatogonia) were oval, applied to the basal lamina, and surrounded by Sertoli cells. By comparison with other types of spermatogonia, the cell and nucleus of B type of spermatogonium is globular and larger than A types of spermatogonia. The nucleolus appears as a coarse and touches the nuclear membrane. The cell and nucleus of spermatocytes was globular and larger, but primary spematocyte is larger than secondary spermatocyte. Spermiogenesis was divided according to the level of fine structural difference, into Golgi, cap, acrosomal, maturation and spermiation phases; Golgi, cap, acrosomal and spermiation phases were further subdivided into steps of early and late phase respectively, and maturation phase has only one step. Hence, the spermiogenesis has been divided into a total of nine phases. In the change of karyoplasm, the chromatin granules are condensed at late Golgi phase and completed at spermiation phase. The sperm tail began to develop in early Golgi phase and completed in spermiation phase. The process of degeneration of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules was continually observed from October, before the beginning of hibernation, to hibernation phase (November, December, January, February, March). Immatured spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules have been engulfed by phagocytosis of Sertoli cells during period of degeneration. It is deduced that the adaptative strategy serves as the mechanism to regulate the effective use of energy to prepare for long hibernation and regulation of breeding cycle.

한국산 관박쥐 (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai)에 있어서의 정자변태

이정훈,최병진,손성원,Lee, Jung-Hun,Choi, Byung-Jin,Son, Sung-Won 한국현미경학회 1992 Applied microscopy Vol.22 No.2

In order to study process of spermiogenesis of the Korean greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai, the cycle of seminiferous epithelium was examined by the light and electron microscope and the following results were obtained based on the epithelial cell differentiation. 1. Spermiogenesis occurred from early July to mid-Octber, and spermatogenic activity was vigorous from mid-August to late September. Spermatocytes including spermatogonia were found to be degenerated in only July. It is deduced that the degeneration serves as the mechanism to regulate effective use of energy to prepare for mating and hibernating periods, and regulation of breeding cycle. 2. Spermiogenesis of the Korean greater horseshoe bat was divided according to differentiation of the cell structure, into Golgi, cap, acrosome, maturation and spermiation phases; Golgi, cap and spermiation phases were further divided into two steps of early and late phase respectively, and acrosome phase into three steps of early, mid and late phases, and maturation phase has only one step. Hence, the spermiogenesis consists of ten phases. The first research was done in this article on the changes of chromatin with nucleus, the time of appearance and disappearance of chromatin granules, in case of Korean greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai). Chromatin granule began to be condensed in late Golgi and the condensation proceeded to form an irregular mass of a electron-dense chromatin in a form of circular cylinder in the center of nucleus at the phase of maturation. Finally, the chromatin condensation proceeded and perfect nucleus of sperm with homogeneous density was formed when the sperm was separated from Sertoli cell. Therefore, appearance and disappearance of chromatin granules occurred in the period of time between late Golgi and maturation phase, The tail of sperm began to develop in early cap phase, Numerous lipid droplets were obseved in the cytoplasm of spermatids during the maturation phase, which seemed to be used as energy source necessary to make mature sperm during spermiogenesis.

등줄쥐(Apodemus agrarius coreae)의 정자유입에 따른 정소상체 상피세포의 형태적 변화

이정훈,Lee, Jung-Hun 한국현미경학회 1998 Applied microscopy Vol.28 No.1

To investigate the morphological changes of epithelial cells of ductus epididymides by sperm entrance, the Korean striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius coreae was studied with light and transmission electron microscopy. 1. The diameters of the caput epididymis (Cp) and its lumen were $135\sim145{\mu}(140{\pm}0.5{\mu})$ and $115\sim120{\mu}m(117{\pm}0.1{\mu}m)$. The length and width of the epithelium were $27.0\sim28.5{\mu}m(28.0{\pm}0.1{\mu}m)$ and $4.8\sim5.4{\mu}m(5.1{\pm}0.2{\mu}m)$. 2. The diameters of the corpus epididymis (Cr) and its lumen were $160\sim170{\mu}m(166{\pm}0.2{\mu}m)$ and $140\sim150{\mu}m(145{\pm}0.3{\mu}m)$. The length and width of the epithelium were $17.4\sim18.0{\mu}m(17.6{\pm}0.5{\mu}m)$ and $8.8\sim10.4{\mu}m(9.5{\pm}0.2{\mu}m)$. 3. The diameters of the cauda epididymis (Cu) and its lumen were $270\sim280{\mu}m(275{\pm}0.2{\mu}m)$ and $265\sim275{\mu}m(268{\pm}0.3{\mu}m)$. The length and width of the epithelium were $11.2\sim13.4{\mu}m(12.3{\pm}0.3{\mu}m)$ and $9.2\sim11.2{\mu}m(10.0{\pm}0.2{\mu}m)$. Therefore, the size of diameter and lumen of the ductus epididymides and the width of the epithelium increased from Cp and Cr to Cu, but the length of epithelial cells decreased from Ca and Cr to Cu. These data suggest that the morphological changes of epithelial cells of the ductus epididymides may be the results of the sperm entrance.

응급실을 내원한 구강악안면외과 안면골 골절 환자의 변화에 대한 비교 연구

이정훈,김용덕,신상훈,김욱규,김종렬,정인교,Lee, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Yong-Deok,Shin, Sang-Hun,Kim, Uk-Kyu,Kim, Jong-Ryoul,Chung, In-Kyo 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2005 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.27 No.2

Although there have been many clinical studies about the facial trauma in the recent as well as in the past, severity and frequency of facial trauma are reported multifarious. It seemed to be because of variety of social, cultural, and environmental factors, and the view point of investigators. In this study, we investigated about the patients visiting emergency room during recent 5 years(1999-2003), and compared with retrospective study during former 5 years(1992-1996) in Dept. OMS Pusan Univ-Hospital. We are assessed the cause, type, demographic ect. And analyzed alterations of facial bone fractures during past 2 periods. the results were as follows. The total number of patients was increased slightly. 429 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures between January 1992 and December 1996 and 466 patients treated between January 1992 and December 1996. The male-to-female ratio reduced in the second period by a factor of 0.7. Patients in the age groups of 10-19 years and 20-29 years increased by a factor of 4.2 and 7.9 in the second period. Assaults and falls in the second period decreased by a factor of 15.4 and 7.9. But, traffic accidents and slip downs in the second period increased by a factor of 6 and 6.6. The mandibular fractures(70.6%) showed the highest incidence, followed by zygomatic bone and arch fractures(7.5%), maxillary bone fractures(4.0%), and nasal bone fractures(4.0%). In the second period, the mid-face fracture was increased slightly. So, the mandibular fractures(69.0%) followed by maxillary bone fractures(12.9%), zygomatic bone and arch fractures(8.0%), nasal bone fractures(7.0%). Ramus fractures and body fractures of mandible was increased slightly in the second period.

대륙밭쥐(Clethrionomys rufocanus) 정자의 미세구조 관찰

이정훈,Lee, Jung-Hun 한국현미경학회 2009 Applied microscopy Vol.39 No.2

Cricetinae 아과 Clethrionomys 아속에 속하는 한국산 대륙밭쥐(Clethrionomys rufocanus)의 정자의 형태적 특징을 알아보기 위하여 주사 및 투과형전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. C. rufocanus정자머리의 모양은 날카롭게 굽은 하나의 dorsal hook를 가지며, 전체적인 머리모양은 마치 도끼모양의 형태를 취하고 있었다. C. rufocanus정자의 전체길이는 95.8 ${\mu}m$이었으며, 정자머리의 길이는 7.8 ${\mu}m$, 꼬리는 88.0 ${\mu}m$이었다. 꼬리는 경부 (1.0 ${\mu}m$), 중편부(22.0 ${\mu}m$), 주편부와 미부 (65.0 ${\mu}m$)로 각각 구성되어져 있었다. 분절주 (segmented columns)는 약 10~12개의 마디로 이루어져 있었으며, 미토콘드리아의 수는 약 170~178개 정도이었다. 첨체 후 덮개는 핵의 1/2을 점유하고 있었으며, 적도절은 핵 표면의 첨체 후 덮개(post-nuclear cap)와 첨체덮개(acrosomal cap) 사이에 위치하고 있었다. 1, 5, 6번의 외측섬유들은 다른 것보다 더 크며, 섬유초 (fibrous sheath)와 종 지주(longitudinal column)은 주편부에서 관찰되어졌으며, 미부에서는 섬유초가 존재하지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아, 정자두부와 꼬리의 형태적인 구조는 정자의 진화 패턴과 종을 분류하는데 유용한 정보를 제공하리라 여겨진다. To investigate the morphological characteristics of spermatozoa of the grey red-blacked vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus) belongings to the subfamily Cricetinae, subgenus Clethrionomys were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The sperm head of C. rufocanus was an ax or hatchet in shape with a curved single dorsal hook. The total length of C. regulus sperm was 95.8 ${\mu}m$. The length of sperm head was 7.8 ${\mu}m$, and the tail (88.0 ${\mu}m$) consisted of four major segments: the neck (1.0 ${\mu}m$), middle piece (22.0 ${\mu}m$), and principal piece plus end piece (65.0 ${\mu}m$), respectively. The segmented columns were about 10~12 in number. The number of gyres of mitochondria ranged from about 170 to 178. The post-nuclear cap occupied about a half of nucleus. The equatorial segment is located between the post-nuclear cap segment and acrosomal cap on the nuclear surface. Nos. 1, 5 and 6 of the outer dense fibers were larger than the others. A fibrous sheath and longitudinal column of the principal piece were in evidence, but the fibrous sheath was not seen at the end piece. In conclusion, the morphological structures of sperm head and tail may be useful information to patterning of sperm evolution and classifying of species.

등줄쥐 (Apodemus agrarius coreae)의 부고환관의 무섬모상피세포와 섬모상피세포의 미세구조에 대한 비교 연구

이정훈,Lee, Jung-Hun 한국현미경학회 1998 Applied microscopy Vol.28 No.3

In order to the comparative morphological study of the non-ciliated and ciliated epithelial cells, and to elucidate the process of degeneration of non-ciliated epithelial cell of the ductus epididymidis, Korean striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius coreae was examined with light and transmission electron microscopes. The morphological characteristics of non-ciliated epithelial cell, the cell types of the caput epididymidis (Cp), corpus epididymidis (Cr) and cauda epididymidis (Cu) were long-columnar, short-columnar and short-cuboudal, respectively. The mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum tended to be broken as they immigrated from Cp to the Cu. The Golgi acted vigorously at the Cp, but the Golgi was inactive in Cr and Cu. The secretory vesicles and lysosomes were increased gradually from Cp to the Cu. The process of degeneration of the non-ciliated epithelial cells observed in the Cp, Cr and Cu epididymidis. The increase of the non-ciliated epithelial cells, and its degeneration were observed more often from Cp to the Cu. The morphological characteristics of the ciliated epithelial cells, the cell types of the Cp, Cr and Cu were long-columnar, short-columnar and short-cuboudal, respecptively like the non-ciliated epithelial cells. The stereocilia was long and slender at the Cp and Cr, while Cu was very short. The pinocytotic vesicles and absorptive vesicles were increased from the Cp to the Cu. Numerous disintergrated products was existed at the Cr including the Cp, but Cu were not observed. A significant amount of lysosomes existed at the Cp and Cr epithelial cells, but they were not observed in Cu epithelial cells.

화학유연제, Organopolysiloxane 분해세균의 분리 및 특성

이정훈,손동철,김정,김현수,유대식,Lee, Jung-Hun,Son, Dong-Chul,Kim, Jung,Kim, Hyun-Soo,Yu, Tae-Shick 한국미생물학회 2000 미생물학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Thirty three strains of bacteria were isolated from the wastewater and soil contaminated a chemical softener, nrganopolysiloxane. Of these, five strains which showed higher activities for removal this chemical were finally selected for further study. By five strains the 2,500 mgll chemical softener was removed 65.2-67.9% at $37^{\circ}C$ for 5 days by shaking. The pH optimum for growth of W3721, S3712, and S3723 strain were at around pH 7.0-7.5, and W2811, and W2823 strain were at pH 6.5-7.0, respectively. The temperature optimum for growth of W3712 strain was at $37^{\circ}C$ and the other four strains were at $30^{\circ}C$. The optimal pH and temperature for removal by W3712 strain was initial pH 7.0 and $37^{\circ}C$ respechvely. The W3712 strain was identified and named as Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum W3712 based on its morphological and physiological characteristics. 화학유연재와 화학호제를 생산하는 공장의 폐수와 인근 토양으로부터 화학유연제, organopolsiloxane(OPS)을 분해하는 33종의 세균을 분리했다. 이들 중 활성이 뛰어난 5균주에 대하여 미생물학적 특성과 화학유연제의 제거효율을 검토했으며, 5균주 중 화학유연제의 제거효율이 가장 양호한 W3712균주의 동정을 실시했다. 선별된 분리균주 5균주는 $37^{\circ}C$에서 5일간 진탕배양하므로서 2,500mg/l 화학유연제를 65.2~67.9% 제거시켰다. 분리균주인 W3712, S3712와 S3723균주의 생육최적 pH는 7.0~7.5였으며, 그리고 W3712균주의 생육최적온도는 $37^{\circ}C$였으나, 다른 4균주는 $30^{\circ}C$에서 생육이 가장 양호하다. 분리균주 5균주는 배양초기 pH7.0에서 화학유연제를 가장 잘 제거했으며 5일간의 매양으로 62.0-65.6%의 제거효율을 나타냈다. 그리고 W2811균주, W2823균주, S371균주는 $30^{\circ}C$에서 화학유연제를 가장 잘 제거시켰으며, W3712균주는 $37^{\circ}C$에서 가장잘 제거시켰으며 제거효율은 66.5%였다. 특히,이들 균즈에 의한 화학유연제의 제거에 있어서 통기량은 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 화학유연제의 제거능이 우수한 W3712균주를 Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum W3712로 동정하고 명명하였다.

항만보안 인력의 전문화를 위한 교육시스템 개선방안

이정훈,이민형,김성우,Lee, Jung Hun,Lee, Min Hyung,Kim, Sung Woo 한국융합보안학회 2014 융합보안 논문지 Vol.14 No.6

It is needless to say that the port security is very important owing to the geographic setting of Korea and the possibility of the provocation by North Korea. In addition, The security management is necessary for the port and the domain of maritime to block the inflow from overseas because of the increase of international crime as terrorism. The training system for port security guard should be constructed to secure the specialization of the manpower for the efficient port security management. But the training system of port security manpower is not unified and the training is not carried out, therefore it is necessary to improve the training system of port security manpower. In this study, the improvement plan of training system is suggested as follows. First, the unification of the legislation of port security should achieved to establish the guidance of training for port security guard. Second, the specialized training per activities should be done. And lastly, the qualification system should be introduced for the specialization of port security manpower. 우리나라는 3면이 바다이면서 북한의 대남도발의 가능성이 높기 때문에 항만보안의 중요성을 간과할 수 없으며, 국제범죄의 증가와 기법의 발달 등으로 인하여 외국으로부터 국내로의 위협요소의 유입을 차단하기 위한 실질적인 보안활동이 항만과 인접 해상구역에서 요구되고 있다. 이에 따라 항만보안의 실질적이며 효율적인 수행을 담보하기 위해서는 항만보안 담당 인력의 전문성이 담보되어야 하며, 이를 위해서는 항만보안 인력에 대한 교육시스템이 제대로 정립되어 있어야 한다. 항만 또한 국가중요시설로서 이에 대한 위협과 안전사고 방지 및 국가안보와 질서유지를 위한 실질적인 보안활동이 이루어져야 하며, 이를 위한 선결조건이 바로 보안인력의 전문화이며, 전문성을 확보한 인력의 배출은 바로 교육을 통해서 이루어지게 된다. 그러나 현행 항만보안 인력에 대한 교육체계는 일원화되어 있지 않으며, 항만보안의 특수성에 맞춘 교육은 시행되고 있지 않고 있으므로 항만보안 인력의 전문화를 확보하기 위한 교육시스템이 개선되어야 한다. 그 방안으로 첫째, 항만보안에 대한 일원화 체계화 된 입법이 이루어져야 하며, 이를 토대로 항만보안 교육지침이 수립되어야 하며, 둘째, 항만보안 인력의 업무별 특화된 교육이 이루어져야 한다. 그리고 마지막으로 항만보안 인력의 전문성을 갖추기 위한 관련 자격제도가 도입되어야 한다.