배추좀나방 방제약제로서 후추 추출물, 카시아 오일, 라벤더 오일 함유 친환경유기농자재에 대한 급성 생태독성평가

유아선(Are-Sun You),정미혜(Mihye Jeong),홍순성(Soon-Seong Hong),장희섭(Hee-Seop Chang),이제봉(Je Bong Lee),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),이영묵(Young Mook Lee),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm) 한국농약과학회 2013 농약과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Environment-friendly agro-materials tend to be preferred to chemical insecticides recently. For this reason, many studies are conducted to develop environment-friendly insecticides containing natural materials. The purpose of this study was to assess ecotoxicity for pepper extract and cassia oil (11.5+46%, A), pepper extract and cassia oil (23+34%, B), and pepper extract and lavender oil (40+10%, C). They are expected to prevent from pests especially diamondback moth, and can be used for agro-materials. Their formulation was emusifiable concentration (EC). Target species used to assess acute toxicity were aquatic invertebrate (Daphina magna), fish (Cyprinus carpio), honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The EC<SUB>50</SUB> value of A, B, and C to aquatic invertebrate were 0.46, 1.9, 0.25 mg L<SUP>?1</SUP> respectively and these values were moderately toxic according to standard of USEPA. In case of acute toxicity test to fish, the LC<SUB>50</SUB> of A, B, and C were 1.9, 2.9, 3.8 mg L<SUP>?1</SUP> respectively. A was category II in acute toxicity of fish and not acceptable to evaluation criteria of environment-friendly agro-materials. B and C were category III and acceptable. Acute contact and oral toxicity test to honeybee were conducted and the LD<SUB>50</SUB> of A, B, and C were > 100 μg a.i. bee<SUP>?1</SUP> in both of tests. It indicated they were low toxic to honeybee. In case of acute toxicity test to earthworm, LC<SUB>50</SUB> of A, B, and C were 695, 988, and 564 mg kg<SUP>?1</SUP>. In conclusion, pepper extract+cassia oil 57% EC and pepper extract+lavender oil 50% EC were expected to be used for environment-friendly insecticide materials with low risk against ecosystem and contribute to developing environment-friendly agro-materials.

다양한 피부흡수율 default에 따른 농약살포 노출량 산출 및 농작업자 위해성 평가

유아선(Are-Sun You),이난희(Nanhee Lee),박수진(Soojin Park),조유미(Youmi Jo),오진아(Jin A Oh),이제봉(Je Bong Lee),박연기(Yeon-Ki Park),이주연(Ju Yeon Lee) 한국농약과학회 2017 농약과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Occupational risk of plant protection products is assessed with Ko-POEM (tier 1, 2) and field data (tier 3) in Korea but default of dermal absorption is fixed as 10% in Korean guidance unlikely to EU guidance. In case of application of EU guidance, the risk was considered to increase because 10% dermal absorption is minimum default. physical characteristic and contents of active substances (a.s.) was investigated and default of dermal absorption was classified for 131 products according to EU guidance. It was investigated to change the operator risk through assessment by different default of dermal absorption with Ko-POEM. 22 case among 169 case (a.s.+content) were classified as 10% default of dermal absorption in mixing and application, 109 case as 25% and 38 case as 75% in mixing. As a result of assessment of 223 case for 131 products with Ko-POEM, 43 case with PPE were indicated the risk was high in Korean guidance and 121 case in EFSA guidance with Ko-POEM. 107 case with PPE among 121 case were indicated the risk was high with lower oral absorption than dermal absorption. The high risk assessed by the different default of dermal absorption was 2.5 times more than the high risk by only 10% default. Therefore, it is expected to increase requirement for field study or removal of application crops.

농약 품목에 대한 GHS 기준과 농진청 기준에 따른 자극성 산출 후 자극성 분류 차이 비교

유아선(Are-Sun You),오진아(Jin A Oh),박수진(Soojin Park),조유미(Youmi Jo),이제봉(Je Bong Lee),이난희(Nanhee Lee),이주연(Ju Yeon Lee),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm) 한국농약과학회 2016 농약과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

GHS was compared with that of current RDA directives in skin and eye irritation for plant protection products (PPPs). According to the result of evaluation and classification of skin and eye irritation by RDA directives and GHS for 59 PPPs, 25.5% of PPPs were changed the classification of skin irritation from slightly and moderately by RDA directives to Not Classified by GHS, and 45.8% of PPPs were changed the classification of eye irritation from slightly by RDA directives to Not Classified by GHS. 6.8% of PPPs in skin irritation and 5.1% in eye irritation were classified more highly as category 1 by GHS because of irreversible effect. According to the result of comparison with GHS classification by data of irritation study for PPPs and by GHS classification and concentration of active substances, 25.5% was changed more lowly and 3.4% more highly in skin irritation, and 25.4% was changed more lowly and 11.9% more highly in eye irritation. It is needed to draw a plan to supplement for other results between GHS and RDA directives.

경구흡수율을 반영한 농약의 AOEL 설정 및 농작업자 위해성 평가

유아선(Are-Sun You),홍순성(Soonsung Hong),이제봉(Je Bong Lee),이승돈(Seungdon Lee),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm) 한국농약과학회 2014 농약과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Methods of establishment of AOEL (Acceptable Operator Exposure Level), application of oral absorption by country, and calculation of exposure dose for operator risk assessment in USA, EU and Korea were investigated. Oral absorption of 141 active substances for pesticides was also investigated, then operator risk assessment was conducted with AOEL including oral absorption and Korean AOEL. Internal dose converted to external dose with oral or dermal absorption in USA and EU, but external dose to which oral absorption was not applied was used for establishment of AOEL in Korea. Oral absorption of 50 active substances among 141 were below 80%. In case of application of oral absorption as a correction factor in below 80%, AOELs of about 36% active substances were considered to be lower than the current Korean AOELs. Operator risk assessment of 28 active substances among 50 active substances with oral absorption below 80% was conducted with EU AOELs. TER (Toxicity Exposure Ratio) of 12 plant protection products including chlorothalonil WG (Water-dispersible Granule) was less than 1 and the risk was high. Operator risk assessment of 24 active substances among 50 active substances with oral absorption below 80% was conducted with Korean AOELs. TER of 6 plant protection products including chlorothalonil WG were less than 1 and the risk was high. Operator risk assessment of 4 plant protection products not having Korean AOEL was conducted with converted EU AOEL into AOEL not including oral absorption. The results indicated TER of 4 products including daminozide WP (Wettable Powder) was over 1 and risk was low. 22 products except 6 products such as oxadiagyl SC (Suspension Concentration) were shown the same results of risk assessment between EU AOELs and Korean AOELs. As a result, it was considered that AOELs including oral absorption was possible to be used for operator risk assessment. It was considered operator risk assessment with AOEL including oral absorption was more like real assessment method, and improvement of assessment was needed for application to evaluate pesticides in registration.

국내 공시 유기농업자재의 독성과 안전성평가

이제봉(Je Bong Lee),조유미(Youmi Jo),유아선(Are-Sun You),오진아(Jin-A Oh),박수진(Soojin Park),이주연(Juyeon Lee),박연기(Yeon Ki Park),정미혜(Mihye Jeong),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong) 한국농약과학회 2018 농약과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity and risk of organic agricultural materials (OAMs) allowed in Korea, and to secure the safety to human and environment. As of April 2018, the approved items of OAMs in use is 1590, of which 50% for crop growth and soil improvement materials, 16.2% for crop growth, 15.6% for pest control, 11.6% for disease control, 4.5% for disease and pest control, and 2.1% soil improvement. It is known that there are about 50 kinds of active ingredients of OAMs products, such as azadirachtin, acetophenone, capsaicin and so on. Their toxicities are low except for several active ingredients. In review of cancer, ethanol and anthraquinone are classified as Category 1 and 2B, respectively. The acute oral and dermal toxicity categories of OAMs products were classified as Class III (moderate toxicity), 6 and 33 items, respectively, and remainder were classified as Class IV (low toxicity). In the case of irritation test, when the pH is ≤2.0 or ≥11.5, it is classified as strong. Also, 10 items were classified as strong irritants for both skin and eye and only the one item was classified as that for eye. All of the acute fish toxicity were equal or more than 2.0 ppm and, for acute daphnia toxicity, 3 items were equal or less than 0.5 ppm, 7 items were 0.5-2.0 ppm and 17 items were equal or more than 2.0 ppm. The remainder were microbial or exempted products from tests. In bee tests, only 6 products were considered to be risk and the result of risk assessment for applicator and fish were evaluated as safe.

잔디사용 살균제의 살포자 및 출입자 위해성평가

이제봉(Je Bong Lee),유아선(Are-Sun You),오진아(Jin-A Oh),박수진(Soojin Park),조유미(Youmi Jo),이난희(Nanhee Lee),박연기(Yeon Ki Park) 한국농약과학회 2018 농약과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

There are about 1,900 pesticides registered and 280 pesticides are using only grass protection in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the risk of applicators and passengers exposure by fungicides registered on lawn. Based on this study, we intend to contribute to the establishment of non-agricultural pesticide safety management system. The toxicity of acute oral and dermal exposure was investigated for major 29 fungicides registered for lawn. Restricted entry interval (REI) were set according to the degrees of toxicity were used in USA and Canada. We also assessed the risk of the fungicide applicators and passengers exposure with the current Korea pesticide operator exposure model (Ko-POEM) and US standard operating procedures (SOP) for residential pesticide exposure assessment guideline. The 29 pesticide products consisted of 24 active ingredients, and all 24 were classified as acute toxicity categories III, and REI was set to 12 hours. 12 hours REI can not be accessed until 4 hours after application. However, the certified farmer who wears protective clothing and personal protective equipment can enter for an hour after 4~8 hours and can do works that does not have direct contact with the pesticide sprayed crop after 8~12 hours. As a result of evaluating Ko-POEM using 6 hours 8 hectors spraying a day scenario, 7 items were evaluated as requiring additional high tier test. In the scenario that US SOP for residential pesticide exposure assessment guideline was applied, Hose-end sprayer and 4 hectors spraying a day were used. Results of evaluating, both the applicator and passenger were required additional test on 11 items. Because these results were evaluated using the worst case scenario, it was judged that further detailed study would be necessary.

양측 총경동맥 협착에 의한 혈관성 치매 동물모델에서 적외선 발광다이오드 치료 효과

이동진(Dong-Jin Lee),장하영(Ha-Young Jang),문기욱(Ki-Wook Moon),이은주(Eun-Joo Lee),유아람(A-Ram Yoo),최우성(Woo Sung Choi),성창규(Chang Kyu Sung),김대유(Dae Yu Kim) 대한전기학회 2019 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

내분비계 장애추정농약에 대한 에스트로겐성 영향검색 및 위해성 평가

이제봉(Je Bong Lee),신진섭(Jin Sup Shin),이희동(Hee Dong Lee),정미혜(Mihye Jeong),유아선(Aresun You),강규영(Kyu Young Kang) 한국농약과학회 2004 농약과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The present study was conducted to test and evaluate estrogenic effect of 17 pesticides including benomyl and carbaryl, being suspected as endocrine disrupting chemicals. For estrogenic effect examination, luciferase assay were achieved with human ovarian cancer cell, BG1Luc4E2. Estrogenic effects of cypermethrin, dicofol, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, and fenvalerate were observed at the concentration of 10??, M by estrogen receptor binding assay. Relative luciferase potency and relative luciferase effects compared with 10?¹? M 17 β-estradiol were 10??, 56% for dicofol, and 10??, 72% for endosulfan, respectively. Estimated maximum daily intake for pesticides was calculated from maximum residue limit of agricultural commodity and food consumption was 1.2298 ㎎/person. Theoretically calculated blood estrogen level from dietary intake for pesticides based on MRL in Korea, 3.075 ng/ℓ was equivalent to 15% of estrogen concentration in normal blood, but practical monitoring data, 0.01938 ng/ℓ, was equal to 0.09693% of estrogen concentration in normal blood.

플럭스 활성도 및 In 첨가에 따른 Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu 솔더 조성의 젖음 특성 변화

유아미,김준기,김목순,현창용,이종현,Yu, A-Mi,Kim, Jun-Ki,Kim, Mok-Soon,Hyun, Chang-Yong,Lee, Jong-Hyun 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2008 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.15 No.4

저 Ag 함유 Sn-Ag-Cu계 무연솔더 조성, 즉, Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu 조성의 젖음 특성과 반응 특성을 Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu 및 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 합금 조성의 결과와 비교, 분석하였다. 또한 Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu 조성의 용융 특성을 시차주사열량계(differential scanning calorimeter, DSC)로 측정하고, 인장시험을 통한 응력-변형률 곡선을 관찰하였다. 아울러 Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu 조성의 젖음 특성을 향상시키기 위해 halide의 함유량이 많은 플럭스(flux)를 적용하거나 Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu 조성에 0.2wt.%의 In을 첨가하여 그 젖음 특성의 개선 정도를 분석해 보았다. 그 결과 halide 함유량이 높은 플럭스를 사용한 경우보다 미량의 In을 첨가한 경우가 $230{\sim}240^{\circ}C$의 저온 영역에서 wettability의 향상에 보다 효과적임을 관찰할 수 있었다. In this paper, wetting and interfacial reaction properties for low Ag containing Sn-Ag-Cu Pb-free solder alloy, i.e., Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu were investigated and compared with those of Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu. Melting behavior and stress-strain curves of some Sn-xAg-xCu alloys were also measured using a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and a tensile test machine, respectively. In order to enhance insufficient wetting properties of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu alloy, the improvement of wetting properties were analyzed by applying fluxes containing higher content of halide or indium adding of 0.2wt.% into the solder alloy. It was concluded that the small addition of indium is more effective for the improvement of wettability in low temperature range of $230{\sim}240^{\circ}C$ than applying flux containing higher content of halide.

중국 공공미술 조성과정에서 주민참여 요소에 관한 연구

유아문 ( Liu Yawen ),이현성 ( Lee Hyunsung ),김주연 ( Kim Jooyun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2022 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.17 No.7

(Background and Purpose) For improving cultural, artistic and core competitiveness of cities, public art projects have recently been introduced in the field of urban construction such as urban regeneration. In the process of creating public art, local and humanistic nature of public art creation has declined due to insufficient participation of residents. In this context, China has gradually begun to pay attention to participation of residents in the process of creating public art. Therefore, this paper aims to study importance of elements of resident participation in the process of creating public art in China by stage, draw insights, and suggest directions for improvement. (Method) The research methodology of this paper is, first, to derive definition of public art and types of resident participation through theoretical examination. Second, based on AHP analysis, it analyzed process of public art completion in China and derived elements of residents' participation. Thirdly, based on stages of completion process of public art in China, a hierarchical model was created using the types and elements of residents' participation, and an evaluation was made through an expert questionnaire to complete AHP analysis to derive the importance of elements of residents' participation in each stage of the composition process of public art. Fourth, the results were analyzed objectively and improvement directions were proposed. (Results) Hierarchical model of AHP analysis consisted of 4 upper items and 18 lower items. In plan development phase, scheme design phase, and construction phase, the importance of the upper project, that was, the type of participation, was in the order of guidance, education, cooperation, and information. In management and maintenance stage, the importance of the types of participation was ranked as cooperative, guiding, educating, and informing, in that order. Lower-level items, i.e., elements of resident participation, were ranked in importance according to the constituent stages of public art in China. (Conclusions) It was clear from analysis of the importance of participation types and participation factors that the importance of guided participation was higher. Moreover, the importance of professional guidance from a third party was highest in the first three stages of guided participation. In educational engagement, third parties translate expertise and technology into information that residents could easily understand and third parties provide expertise and technology were of high importance. The importance of sponsor recognition of residents' decision-making power in cooperative participation was high. The most important aspects of informed participation were disclosure of information by the initiator and polling by a third party. During usage and maintenance phase, collaborative participation was ranked high, and work is dialogic was ranked high in guided participation.