ADHD 아동을 위한 기독교 부모교육

이유니(Eunnie R. Rhee) 한국기독교교육정보학회 2010 기독교교육정보 Vol.25 No.-

This study aims to provide a brief review of ADHD and recommendations for parent education programs for Christian parents of children with ADHD. About 3~7% of school­aged children are estimated to be affected by Attention­ Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Children in Christian homes are not exempted from having ADHD. Children with ADHD, display behavioral problems related to inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. There may be multiple causes for ADHD including genetic, biological, physiological, and family factors. Medication and parent training programs based on behavioral approaches seem to be effective for ADHD. A parent education program for Christian parents of children with ADHD is recommended to include: 1) a safe place to share their burdens related to their parenting roles, particularly from the context of their Christian faith; 2) understanding the causes and treatment options for ADHD; and 3) basic principles of behavioral treatment and specific suggestions for applying those principles for Christian parents. It is further recommended that parent education programs for parents of children with ADHD be developed and evaluated to measure their effectiveness.

걸음마기 유아를 위한 부모-아동 상호작용치료의 효과 및 기독교상담에서의 적용 고찰

이유니 ( Eunnie Rhee ) 한국교회교육·복지실천학회 2024 교회교육·복지실천 연구 Vol.6 No.3

This study examined the effects of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Toddlers (PCIT-T) on the parenting skills and mental health of eight mothers, as well as their toddlers’ behavioral problems, immediately after the intervention and at a 3-months follow-up. Conducted over 9 to 11 weeks, PCIT-T included at least six sessions of Child-Directed Interaction (CDI-T) coaching and two sessions of Parent-Directed Interaction (PDI-T) coaching. The results showed improved positive parenting skills and reduced negative parenting skills post-intervention, with these changes maintained at follow-up. Parenting efficacy increased post-intervention but was not maintained at 3 months. While maternal depression remained unchanged, overall psychological distress decreased at follow-up compared to pre-intervention levels. For toddlers, externalizing behavior problems decreased post-intervention and remained reduced at follow-up. However, no changes were observed in internalizing behavior problems. The study highlights the effectiveness of PCIT-T in enhancing parenting skills and addressing toddlers’ externalizing behaviors in Korea. It also discusses the mental health of mothers and the measurement tools, as well as the potential for applying PCIT-T in Christian counseling. Further studies with control groups are recommended to further validate PCIT-T with Korean families.

강박증에 대한 기독교 상담적 이해

최민영 ( Min Young Choi ),이유니 ( Eunnie R Rhee ) 한국복음주의상담학회 2014 복음과 상담 Vol.22 No.1

he purpose of this study is to help the obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) clients obtain the true freedom which the Gospel can give and set them free from a distressful yoke of obsessions and compulsions and to present a Christian coping plan to Christian counselors who will meet OCD clients by providing the Christian understanding of OCD and the possibility of Christian therapeutic application of OCD. This study consists of five dimensions: a review of research literatures concernig OCD, a general overview and description of OCD, a summary of symptoms of religious OCD, introduction of a primary OCD treatment approach, and one case study in which one of the researchers treated an OCD client in a Christian manner. Previous research is divided mostly into four parts. They are about OCD etiology, OCD comorbidity, OCD treatment approach and religious OCD. First, the definate etiology of OCD remains unknown yet. Some researchers study the etiology of OCD in neurobiological aspect and other researchers in psychological aspect. Concerning the comorbidity, OCD is reported to be comorbid with personality disorders including borderline personality disorders, avoidant personality disorders and histrionic personality disorders. Next, OCD treatment approach is divided into two areas. One is medications which play an important role in the treatment of OCD. The other OCD treatment is exposure-response prevention(ERP) which is psychological intervention which is best-tested. Lastly, research on religious OCD is done. Research examines primarily the relationship between OCD and religious faith and scrupulosity in OCD clients. In second dimension, we present the general concept of OCD. OCD is defined in DSM-5 as obsessional thoughts and/or compulsive actions. “Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted, whereas compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly”(DSM-5). An international group of researchers proposed six domains of cognition relevant to current cognitive-behavioral formulations of OCD. They are inflated responsibility, overimportance of intrusive thoughts, overimportance of controlling one’s thoughts, overestimation of threat, intolerance of uncertainty and perfectionism. OCD symptoms related to religion include intrusive blasphemous thoughts, obscenities related to religious figures, and thoughts about joining the devil and going to hell. Compulsions include repetitive prayer as a route to cope, seeking reassurance from others and treating religious symbols with excessive care. As therapeutic techniques, we introduce ERP, the central treatment of Behavioral Therapy. ERP includes exposure exercises and response prevention. Exposure exercises involves real-life or imaginal contact with anxiety evoking stimuli. Response prevention encourages OCD clients to block or delay compulsive rituals after performing exposure exercises. Some cognitive strategies of Cognitive Therapy are mentioned very briefly as well. Finally we add one case study, in which an OCD client is treated by applying ERP and Cogntive Therapy in a Christian way. He is taught that what he thinks is uncontrollable and intrusive, and he can’t do anything about it. He learns to refer responsibility of his thoughts to God. Instead of praying for forgiveness, he prays to know and experience God Himself.

부모-아동 상호작용치료(PCIT) 효과성에 대한 예비연구

박영남 ( Young-nam Park ),이소영 ( So-young Lee ),김지연 ( Ji-yeon Kim ),이유니 ( Eunnie-r. Rhee ) 한국영유아아동정신건강학회 2016 영유아아동정신건강연구 Vol.9 No.1

The paper is based on a pilot study to verify the effectiveness of the Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). The PCIT is an evidence-based treatment for behavioral and emotional problems of young children, which stresses parent-child relations and interactions. Subjects were 19 pairs of mothers and children aged two to six years who belonged to the semi-clinical range in at least one domain among internalization, externalization, and general behavioral problems of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). They participated in the one-hour PCIT program for 26 sessions per week on average. In order to measure changes in behavioral problems of the children, parenting stress of their mothers, and parent-child interaction, the CBCL, Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), and Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS) were performed. The findings are: (1) there was a significant decrease in behavioral problems of the children after the treatment; (2) parenting stress of the mothers decreased significantly; and (3) significant decrease and increase were found in the use of negative and positive language respectively by the mothers when they had interactions with their children. The PCIT helped mothers accept their children, having a positive effect on mother-child relations. This study is very meaningful in that it provides empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of parenting skill coaching for mothers on reduction of behavioral problems of children and parenting stress of mothers.