Hallervorden-Spatz 병 환자의 전신마취 하 치과치료 -증례보고-

이용기,서광석,김현정,염광원,안병덕,Lee, Yong-Ki,Seo, Kwang-Suk,Kim, Hyun-Jeong,Yum, Kwang-Won,Ahn, Byung-Deok 대한치과마취과학회 2007 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.7 No.2

Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with excessive iron deposition in the basal ganglia. In general, HSD is characterized by onset in first two decade of life and by the presence of extra-pyramidal dysfunction including dystonia, rigidity, choreoathetosis. Other associated features include gait and posture disturbance, intellectual decline, seizure, tremor, dysarthria. These signs and symptoms are progressive. MRI is often demonstrated hypodensity in the basal ganglia which is probably suggestive of accumulation of iron. There is no specific treatment for HSD and 45% of patients die before reaching the age of 20 years. The managements directed at specific symptoms are often helpful. Especially, some surgical procedures like pallidotomy and gastrostomy are performed under general anesthesia. There is special need for careful management because of numerous anesthetic challenges like difficulty in cooperation, life-threatening airway obstruction and possibility of aspiration. We report a successful anesthetic management in a patient with HSD for dental procedures.

산림휴양지 유형에 따른 피톤치드(모노테르펜) 농도 비교

이용기,우정식,최시림,신은상,Lee, Yong-Ki,Woo, Jung-Sik,Choi, Si-Rim,Shin, Eun-Sang 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.4

Objectives: This study was conducted to provide scientific and effective information on phytoncides, which are associated with forest healing, and to activate recreational forests. Methods: The target sites were natural recreation forests, a forest park and an arboretum, and the control sites were three urban parks. The samples were collected at a volume of 6.0 L and a flow rate of 0.1 L/min for one hour using a low volume pump and the solid adsorbent sampling method. The phytoncide compounds adsorbed in the Tenax TA tube were analyzed by a automatic heat desorption unit and GC-MS. Results: By type of recreational forest, the annual concentrations of phytoncide (monoterpene) for the forest park showed the highest concentration with $1.450{\mu}g/m^3$, while those for the arboretum showed the lowest concentration at $0.892{\mu}g/m^3$, and thus the concentration of the forest park was approximately 1.6 times higher than the arboretum. The season showing the highest concentration of phytoncides was summer (June) and the forest park was the highest among the recreational forests. The concentrations of major components for phytoncide showed in descending order: ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, camphene, 3-carene and limonene. The seasonal concentration of ${\alpha}-pinene$, camphene and ${\beta}-pinene$ by type of recreational forest increased in April, which is characterized by low temperature and humidity, and the seasonal concentration of camphene decreased with higher humidity. The meteorological factors which had the high correlation with the concentration of total terpene were temperature and humidity. $CO_2$ and $O_2$ showed an inverse correlation. Conclusion: The major components of phytoncide were ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, camphene, 3-carene and limonene in descending order of concentration. Further and systematic study on the chemical nature of individual phytoncides, and on the effect of phytoncides on humans needs to be performed.

골프연습장의 환경특성이 서비스품질, 고객만족 및 구매행동의도에 미치는 영향

이용기(Lee Yong-ki),신두철(Shin Doo-chul),류철(Lryu Cheol) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2000 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.5 No.1

본 연구는 골프연습장의 환경특성 중 어떠한 요인들이 소비자들의 전반적 서비스품질 평가에 영향을 미치며, 그 결과 고객만족 및 구전, 재이용의도 등의 구매행동의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 실증분석 하였다. 서울, 부산, 대전, 충북, 경기의 5개 지역에 소재하고 있는 18개 골프연습장의 126명 이용고객으로부터 자료를 수집하였으며, 경로분석을 이용하여 연구가설을 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 본 연구의 요약은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 골프연습장의 환경특성 중 고객서비스, 시설/장비, 편리성 등의 요인이 전반적 서비스품질 평가에 유의적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 전반적 서비스품질의 지각 정도가 높을수록 고객만족이 높아지며, 그 결과 구전커뮤니케이션과 재이용의도에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of golf training facilities' environments on evaluation of service quality and purchase behavior intentions. To analyze the data collected from 126 respondents, path analysis was employed. The results can be summarized as follows. First, customer service, facilities/equipment, and convenience factors had a significant positive effect on the perception of overall service quality. Second, the higher perceived overall service quality, the higher customer satisfaction, in turn, the higher word-of-mouth communications and repurchase intentions.

20세기 전반 지역사회의 재편과 지역민의 대응 ; 일제시기 면 단위 유력자의 구성과 지역정치 -전남 장흥군(長興郡) 용산면(蓉山面) 사례를 중심으로-

이용기 ( Yong Ki Lee ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2009 大東文化硏究 Vol.67 No.-

일제시기 지역사회에서 전통적 권위질서의 지속과 변용 ―전남 장흥군 향교(鄕校) 교임(校任) 분석을 중심으로―

이용기 ( Lee Yong Ki ) 역사문제연구소 2009 역사문제연구 Vol.13 No.1

In this article, it is pursued to examine the traditional order of authority, which could not be examined in terms of the central stage of the country or from a bird-eye view of the entire peninsula, but was operating upon the ordinary level of the people`s lives nonetheless. And in order to do so, the Hyanggyo`s Gyoim figures inside the Jeon-Nam province, Jangheung-gun area are examined in this article. In the Jangheung area, during the latter half period of Joseon, there was a hierarchy structure existent, with formidable houses at the center. In terms of the operation of the Jangheung Hyanggyo, such traditional authority order started to fluctuate since mid-19th century. Yet, coming into the Japanese occupation period, such authority order seemingly continued to reinforce itself. Interestingly, the trend of a certain party`s monopolization of the Gyoim seats inside Jangheung Hyanggyo was never the case of traditional local influentials seizing all the seats inside the Hyanggyo to reinforce their own power base. Those local influentials tried to elevate their influences and symbolic authority, yet they also recruited and invited people who had only been at the verge of the traditional center stage earlier. During the Japanese occupation period, Jangheung Hyanggyo was shut out of the modern administrative system, and was never able to put up a fight against the control of the Japanese Joseon Governor General office. Yet it should be noted that traditional influentials autonomously developed a network, raised their traditional authority in the eyes of local residents, and provided an organized, a symbolic platform for some people to participate in the real life arena of political power. In that regard, one could say that the traditional authority order got to be modified and used differently, instead of being weakened or dissolved, and continued to exist and operate in local communities.

레스토랑의 환경특성이 레스토랑 가치와 전반적 레스토랑 품질에 미치는 영향

이용기(Lee Yong-Ki),이대홍(Lee Dae-Hong),박영균(Park Young-Kyun) 한국외식산업학회 2006 한국외식산업학회지 Vol.2 No.1

1860~1970년대 동계의 식리방식의 변화와 `합리성`의 이면 ― 전남 장흥군 어서리 동계의 사례를 통하여―

이용기 ( Lee Yong Ki ) 역사문제연구소 2011 역사문제연구 Vol.15 No.1

Examined in this article are the changes that occurred in the operations of the Dong`gye(洞契, village association) in the time frame from the 1860s through the 1970s. They are analyzed so in order to reveal how the so called `Rational management` of the Dong`gye`s finacial activities was enforced, and how the previously established `community order` was altered as a result. The Eo`seo-ri Dong`gye was formed in the 19th century, as a financial community which loaned “Gye” money(“Gye`jeon”, a fund accumulated by all the installment payments submitted from the individual `Gye` members) to almost 30 people at a time in maximum. This kind of loaning policy could be described as the `Loaning-to-many` policy. Yet coming into the 20th century this policy shifted, and it became a normal practice to designate only 10 or so people as entitled to receive a loan, and that number continued to drop, albeit in a gradual fashion(creating a new policy which we can describe as `Loaning-to-few`). This kind of policy change was employed in order to boost the level of safety and efficiency of the operation (and management) of the Gye`jeon money, by having business with people who had superior economic power and fine levels of credit. Such goal was partially fulfilled, yet the overall situation of the Dong`gye was not that much enhanced. First, the loan recipients, although being a group of people who were deemed most capable of returning the debt with adequate interests and not to mention `on time`, were in reality not able to immediately return the loan, and only returned them over the course of many years. Second, as only a handful of people were to receive the loan in the first place, the recipients were able to loan money in a considerably larger fashion compared to before, yet in such circumstances the overall fund would have to suffer a serious body blow to its integrity, when even merely one or two loan recipients were not able to return the loan at all. Added to that, the Eo`seo-ri Dong`gye could not withstand the pressures that came from the Japanese colonial authorities which employed a `total mobilization` policy. Unable to avoid a deficit situation and forced to go red, the Dong`gye temporarily halted all of its profit seeking activities, and only restarted its operations in 1952 when the Korean War was winding down. And to address the problems that had arisen from the `Loaning-to-few` policy, a new policy that directed the entire Dong`gye money to be loaned to a `single person(chief operating officer of Dong`gye)` was employed, and this `Loaning-to-one` policy was institutionalized in 1964. The Eo`seo-ri Dong`gye decided to loan all its money to a credible, single individual, and then imposed an obligation to fully return the loan on time above that individual, and as a compensation the association also settled a relatively low interest rate upon the money loaned to that person. As a result, not a single incident of an `over-due` loan returning (or not returning at all) ever happened. The stability and efficiency of the Dong`gye`s financial operations was impressively enhanced. Yet while the Dong`gye`s financial management was becoming more and more `rational`, the internal order of the village community was being threatened and dismantled. In the 19th century, the policy of loaning money to `many` people displayed some inefficiency in its operations, yet almost all of the villagers had the opportunity to receive a loan, and most of the villagers shared the right to receive a loan with a low interest rate, while also bearing the obligation to uphold the integrity and stability of the Dong`gye`s financial status together. Yet in the early half of the 20th century, with all the money loaned only to a considerably smaller group of people, the privileges and obligations were only shared by those small number of people as well, and many people were shunned out of the decision making process, leaving only those few people in charge of the Dong`gye affairs. The spirit of collective management of the Dong`gye was no longer existent. The `Loaning-to-one` policy significantly raised the level of rationality in the profit seeking process, yet it also seriously breached the village`s capability of collective management. The Eo`seo-ri Dong`gye shifted its policy from loaning money to a small group of people (in the early half of the 20th century) to loaning money to a single individual (in the latter half of the same century), and placed all the privileges and obligations upon the shoulder of that single recipient, in the hope of managing the Gye money more stably and efficiently, yet in the process it shut out the rest of the people and prevented them from having a voice in the operations of the Dong`gye, and that dismantled the collective responsibility of the community, and neutralized any chance of a public census to be formed. The `rational operation` of the Eo`seo-ri Dong`gye was indeed a modern achievement, but also a mere development of the `procedure`, rather than the substance or the spirit.

【총론】 `새로운 민중사`의 지향과 현주소

이용기 ( Lee Yong Ki ) 역사문제연구소 2010 역사문제연구 Vol.14 No.1

Examined in this article is the so-called `New History of Minjung,` which was recently suggested and has been trying to escape the concepts and ideas of the `History of Minjung` that had been established in the 1980s and 1990s. Its basis of premises, its logical structure and objectives, current condition of relevant studies and its future tasks, are all evaluated in this article, essentially as a `midterm project review.` First, in order to understand how such concept of a `New History of Minjung` was suggested in the first place, the meaning and failures of the `History of Minjung` studies of the 1980s and `90s are examined. In such process, how such previous studies should be supplemented and augmented by `New History of Minjung` studies is discussed as well. Then, the basic idea of this special project, and all the individual studies conducted collectively and recently by the members of the `History of Minjung study group,` are presented. And finally, all the issues that `New History of Minjung` would have to eventually deal with in the future, are suggested. `New History of Minjung` can be described as a different approach to history, a far departure from the previous `History of Minjung` studies in the past, which established the people vividly and institutionally as a force who would lead the charge of development and changes in countries and states. `New History of Minjung` examines history with a perspective that sees `from below` and examine `things beneath.` It tries to look into ① the nature of people`s ordinary lives, as well as the politics embedded in those everyday living, ② the complex and multi-vocality of the people themselves, ③ the exact features of multiple intersections cross-cutting between evidences of autonomy and subordination, and ④ the possibilities of overcoming the existing paradigm of modernism that usually turned out to be the basis for certain `development arguments` of many nations. All the studies that share these sorts of interests can be labelled as studies that are proceeding in the spirit of `New History of Minjung.` The main theme of this special occasion is `Minjung(people), on the threshold-Toward a New History,` and with this occasion we intend to reveal the intentions and current situation of the `New History of Minjung.` `Minjung, on the threshold` refers to people whose existence often steps upon the line between dominant ruling and retaining of self-regulation, or on the line between reality and discourse, or on the line between modernity and non-modernity. They frequently step over the line as well, and would eventually render such lines irrelevant and ambiguous. Describing the people as such figures, would be an expression of a perspective which views them as pretty much contradictory entities too. In the future, with a critical perspective toward modernity, we should redefine the parameters of `History of Minjung`, which had pretty much already been `modernized.` Yet we shall not resolve the issue by simply suggesting a perspective that could escape such modern-centric attitude, as that could only bring another level of dichotomy to the existing situation. Instead, we shall explore the potentials of `New History of Minjung` studies as a `methodical approach`, as such studies could be helpful in our contemplating upon the failures of modernity and the possibilities of the `outside` of modernity, within our progress of studying the reality of the people who was rather an `external component` during the modern times of Korea. In the end of this article, the most crucial four issues that this `New History of Minjung` should address in the future are suggested and examined. Those four issues are, first defining the concept of `Minjung,` then examining the problem of the representation of Minjung, while also newly defining the concept of `History of Minjung,` and finally revitalizing the practical nature of relevant “New History of Minjung” studies. Both theoretical and empirical studies should advance the current status of “New History of Minjung” studies in the future.

3·1운동 연구의 흐름과 민족주의의 향방

이용기(Lee, Yong-ki) 한국사학회 2020 史學硏究 Vol.0 No.139

이 글은 3·1운동 연구의 흐름을 복기함으로써 한국 근대사 연구의 인식 지형의 변화를 검토하되, 민족주의 관점의 안착, 굴절, 내파의 과정을 중심으로 접근한다. 3·1운동 연구는 운동 50주년인 1969년부터 본격화되었는데, 당시 한국사 학계를 풍미하던 민족주의에 바탕을 두면서도 박정희 정권 시기의 반공주의에 제약되어 ‘보수적 민족주의’ 경향을 띠었다. 3·1운동 70주년을 맞이한 1989년에는 1980년대의 정치적 · 이념적 스펙트럼을 반영하여 연구 시각의 분기가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 주류 학계는 기존의 보수적 입장을 고수하는 경향과 중도적 민족통합을 지향하는 경향으로 구분되었다. 진보적 입장의 소장 연구자들은 민족모순과 계급모순의 통일적 인식을 지향하고 계급적 함의를 가진 민중을 강조하는 ‘민중적 민족주의’ 경향을 보였다. 21세기에 들어와서는 ‘탈민족주의’ 경향의 연구가 두드러졌다. 여기에서는 지배와 저항의 이분법적 인식과 단일한 집합주체의 설정에서 벗어나 복수의 주체들의 다층적 행위에 주목하였으며, 민족주의에서 벗어나 민주, 평화, 인권 등의 가치를 내세웠다. 이처럼 3·1운동 연구의 관점이 보수적 민족주의에서 민중적 민족주의로, 그리고 최근에는 탈민족주의로 변화한 것은 한국근대사 연구의 인식론적 지형의 전환을 보여준다. This article examines the changes in the perceptional terrain of the study of Korean modern history by reviewing the flow of the March 1st Movement study, but approaches the process of settlement, refraction, and implosion of the nationalist view. The research on the March 1st Movement began in earnest from 1969, the 50th anniversary of the movement, and while based on the nationalism that prevailed in Korean history academic circles at that time, it was constrained by the anti-communism of the Park Chung-hee regime, and thus tended to be a “conservative nationalism.” In 1989, which celebrated the 70th anniversary of the March 1st Movement, a divergence of research perspectives emerged clearly reflecting the political and ideological spectrum of the 1980s. The mainstream academia was divided into a tendency to adhere to the existing conservative position and a tendency toward a moderate national unity. The junior researchers holding a progressive position showed a tendency to “popular nationalism”, which aimed for a unified perception of national and class contradictions, and emphasized the people with class implications. In the 21st century, research on the trend of “post-nationalism” was prominent. These studies focused on the multi-layered behavior of multiple subjects, moving away from the dichotomy of domination and resistance, and raised values such as democracy, peace, and human rights apart from nationalism. As such, the change in the perspective of the March 1 Movement study from conservative nationalism to popular nationalism and recently post-nationalism shows a shift in the epistemological topography of the study of Korean modern history.

라이센서 형태와 라이센시 속성에 따른 라이센싱 효과에 관한 연구

이용기(Lee, Yong-Ki),김관호(Kim, Kwan Ho),김경식(Kim, Kyoung Sik) 한국상품학회 2011 商品學硏究 Vol.29 No.2

라이센서와 라이센시 모두에 이익을 줄 수 있는 라이센싱 전략은 기업의 차별적 브랜드 전략으로 각광받고 있다. 이용 빈도와 매출증대와 같은 긍정적인 실무적 효과에도 불구하고 라이센싱과 관련된 학문적 연구에서는 긍정적인 효과성(Simoninand Ruth 1998 ; Washburn, Till, and Priluck2000)과 부정적인 효과성(Tilland Shimp 1998; Kellerand Aaker 1992; Loken and John 1993)간의 논의가 활발하다. 특히, 실무적 측면에 비해 아직까지라 이 센싱 전략을 브랜드 전략 관점에서 연구한 것은 매우 미흡했다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 브랜드자산 구축 전략의 하나인 라이센싱의 효과성을 실증적으로 분석해 보았다. 먼저, 라이센서가 다양한 업체에 라이센스를 제공하는 다중적 라이센싱과 한 개의 업체에 독점적으로 라이센스를 제공하는 독점적 라이센싱 중 라이센서 태도에 더욱 영향을 미치는 라이센싱 형태를 파악해 보았다. 둘째, 라이센싱의 효과성을 라이센시 측면에서 설명하는 데 있어라이센싱이 전과 이후를 구분하여라 이 센싱이 라이센시 태도에 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 비교해 보았다. 마지막으로 라이센 시 속성에 따라 차별적인 라이센싱의 효과성을 제안하려 하면서 라이센시의 속성을 실용적 속성과 쾌락적 속성으로 분류하고 라이센싱후의 라이센시 태도를 비교해 보았다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 먼저, 라이센서는 다중적 라이센싱을 하는 것보다 독점적 라이센싱을 하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 라이센싱은 실제로 라이센시에게 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이는 라이센시의 속성에 따라 차별적으로 나타났는데, 쾌락적 속성을 소유한 라이센시보다 실용적 속성을 소유한 라이센시에게 라이센싱 효과는 더욱 긍정적으로 나타났다. Licensing which is brand strategy for company is popular in practical field. But there is no research which is aspect of differential brand strategy based on viewing of combining licensor and licensee. To achieve the research objectives, the authors investigated the effect of licensing which is the valuable strategy increasing brand equity. The research experiments showed that under the type of licensor, consumers preferred licensor which focus on monopolistic licensing rather than multiple licensing. In addition, this research addresses that a utilitarian licensee is relatively preferred over the same hedonic licensee influenced by licensing. The theoretical and managerial implications and contributions are discussed then the limitations and the future research opportunities are suggested.