김치 유래 GABA 생성 Lactobacillus plantarum의 발효 및 항상화 특성

이영덕,Lee, Young-Duck 한국식품위생안전성학회 2021 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.36 No.5

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) has various beneficial effects on human health such as anti-hypertension, diuretic, tranquilizer, sleep induction and anti-stress functions. In this study, the properties and the antioxidizing effects of a fermented solution was investigated by applying GABA producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from kimchi to corn silk extract. Lactobacillus plantarum LAB459 was identified by physiological properties, carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16s rRNA sequence analysis. Also, the GABA production ability of the separated L. plantarum LAB459 was confirmed through TLC and HPLC analysis. Moreover, from the fermentation of corn silk extract with skim milk, it was revealed that approximately 1 ㎍/mg of GABA produced by lyophilized ferments was yielded. Lastly, the flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were found to be high in the lyophilized ferments than in the aqueous extracts. Therefore, L. plantarum LAB459 is considered to be used as a starter culture for various fermented foods or in food and medicinal materials. GABA는 식물, 동물 및 미생물 등 자연계에 다양하게 존재하고 있으며, 항고혈압, 이뇨, 진정, 수면유도 및 항스트레스 등 다양한 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있어서 식품, 의약품 소재로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 김치로 부터 분리한 GABA 형성 유산균을 옥수수 수염 추출물에 적용하여 발효 특성과 발효물의 항산화 효과에 대해 분석하였다. 신규 L. plantarum LAB459의 분리와 동정은 생화학적 특성, 당자화성 및 16s rRNA 염기 서열 분석을 통해 확인되었다. 그리고 TLC와 HPLC 분석을 통해 분리된 L. plantarum LAB459가 GABA 생성능이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 탈지유가 포함된 옥수수 수염 열수 추출물에 대해 발효를 수행한 결과, 동결 건조된 발효물에 약 1 ㎍/mg 수준의 GABA가 형성된 것을 확인하였다. 또한 발효물에 대한 플라보노이드와 항산화 분석은 옥수수 수염 열수 추출물에 비해 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 분리된 L. plantarum LAB459는 다양한 식품 발효의 스타터 또는 식품 소재와 의약품 소재로 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

축산 산업에서 박테리오파지를 이용한 위해 세균의 제어 및 응용

이영덕,박종현,Lee, Young-Duck,Park, Jong-Hyun 한국축산식품학회 2013 축산식품과학과 산업 Vol.2 No.1

Cronobacter sakazakii의 생육 억제와 바이오필름 저감화를 위한 박테리오파지 적용

이영덕 ( Young Duck Lee ) 한국산업식품공학회 2016 산업 식품공학 Vol.20 No.1

Cronobactersakazakii is a newly emerging high hazard pathogen, which causes encephalomeningitis and necrotic colitis. Recently, successful biocontrol of harmful microorganisms in several foods through the use of bacteriophages has been reported. In this study, bacteriophages were isolated from kimchi and sewages. Morphological analysis by TEM indicated that phages belonged to the Myoviridae family. In case of heat stability, KCES2 and ESP 2949-2 phages were susceptible to temperatures above 70oC. KCES2 and ESP 2949-2 phages inhibited the growth of C. sakazakii in culture broth. When KCES2 and ESP 2949-2 phages were applied to biofilm-formed C. sakazakii, C. sakazakii was efficiently reduced. Therefore, newly isolated KCES2 and ESP 2949-2 phage for C. sakazakii might effectively reduce C. sakazakii in various foods.

미국의 산업 및 통상정책에 관한 연구

이영덕(Lee Young Duck),신수경(Shin Soo Kyung) 충남대학교 북미주연구소 1996 북미주학연구 Vol.5 No.-

국내기업의 해외라이선싱 특성에 관한 연구

이영덕(Lee, Young-Duck),신미숙(Seen, Mee-Sook) 충남대학교 경영경제연구소 2012 경영경제연구 Vol.34 No.2

1990년대까지 한국기업의 기술수준은 상당히 낮은 상태였던 관계로 내국기업이 외국기업 으로 부터 기술을 도입하는 것이 라이선싱의 주를 이루었다. 따라서 국내에서의 연구도 주된 흐름이 외국기술의 라이선싱 특히 국내기업에 의한 기술도입의 지불대가에 치중하였다. 그러나 2000년대 이후 국내기업의 기술수준은 여러 산업분야에서 1990년대 비추어 상당히 발전하였다. 이에 따라 과거에 미국 및 일본 등의 선진공업국으로부터 기술을 도입하던 국내 기업들이 작금에는 이들 국가에 고도로 발전된 기술을 수출을 증가시키고 있는 실정이다. 그런데, 라이선싱사업부문에서 국내에서 이와 같은 상황의 변화에도 불구하고 이 분야에 대한 국내 연구는 우리 기업의 해외라이선싱 전략에 대한 연구에까지 발전하지 못하고 있다. 또한 선진외국의 연구도 국제라이선싱에 있어서 대다수의 연구가 지불형태, 계약특성, 및 지불수준에 대한 분석에 치중하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한국기업의 해외라이선싱전략 즉 동기, 진입계약특성, 지불형태 등에 대하여 설문조사를 하였으며, 설문에 응답한 37개 기업의 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 아래의 몇 가지 특징을 발견하였는데, 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내기업의 해외라이선싱의 중요한 동기는 부품 및 원자재의 추가수출기회의 활용, 무역장벽의 회피 등이었다. 둘째, 라이선싱에 있어서 기업의 규모가 큰 기업일수록 해외직접투자 방식을 선호한다는 것이다. 셋째, 기술수취국의 경쟁이 심할수록 라이선싱 계약에서 경상기술료와 정액기술료를 혼합한 방식을 선호하고 있다. In the 1990s, technology levels of domestic firms were very low. Technology transfers from foreign companies to domestic firms are dominated in licensing. And the mainstream of domestic studies of licensing are focused on licensing foreign technology, especially direct forms of payment by domestic companies. But current technology levels of domestic companies are much more improved compared to those of the 1990s in various industries. Domestic firms which used to import technologies from USA and Japan are now showing tendencies of exporting more advanced technologies to those countries. In spite of these changes in the licensing business, the international licensing strategies of domestic companies are not yet studied in domestic research fields. Moreover, many overseas studies focus also direct forms of payment, contract characteristics, and level of licensing payment in international licensing. Therefore this paper studies the contract characteristics and forms of payments of international licensing by Korean firms with the questionnaire survey. The several useful findings through this analysis are as follows; Firstly, the important motives of licensing by domestic firms are to acquire additional export of the component and raw materials, and to avoid the trade barriers. Secondly, the larger firms will be, they have more tendency of choosing FDI with licensing. Thirdly, the higher levels of technological competition of licensee"s country are, they choose Running Royalties and Lump-sum Fees in the Licensing. Finally, firms with more global business experiences will prefer to Running Royalties and Lump-sum Fee.

중국 온라인 게임 이용자의 인지가치 및 충성도 영향요인에 관한 연구

이영덕(Lee, Young-Duck),동지연(Dong, Zhi-Juan) 한국게임학회 2014 한국게임학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.1

최근 10년 동안 중국 문화산업의 발전에 따라 중국 온라인 게임 산업은 높은 성장추세를 보여 국민경제의 발전에 큰 기여를 하고 있으며, 또한 세계 게임 산업에서 점하는 비중이 증대되고 있다. 따라서 중국 게임산업 및 게임이용자에 대한 심도 있는 연구가 필요하겠다. 본 연구는 중국 온라인 게임 이용자의 게임이용행위의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 이용자의 인지가치와 충성도를 결정하는 요인에 대한 연구모형을 설정하고, 설문조사를 통해 회수된 자료를 활용하여 AMOS방법을 활용한 실증분석을 하였다. 분석결과를 보면, 인지가치와 충성도에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 변수는 각각 인지가격과 플로우, 플로우와 인지가치로 나타났다. For the rapid growth of Chinese on-line game market in this decade, it became more necessary to study Chinese on-line game industry, business strategy, and, especially the behavioral characteristics of on-line game users. In spite of these necessities, there were a few studies on these research fields in China. The current study investigated the relationships among perceived price, perceived quality, the flow, perceived value, and loyalty of Chinese on-line game user. In addition, we tested the influence factors on perceived value and game user loyalty of on-line game user through AMOS method. Results showed that perceived value and game loyalty are positively related perceived price and the flow, the flow and perceived value respectively.

김치와 타락에서 분리한 젖산균의 Helicobacter pylori에 대한 항균 효과

이영덕 ( Young Duck Lee ),유혜림 ( Hye Lim Yoo ),황지연 ( Ji Yeon Hwang ),한복경 ( Bok Kyung Han ),최혁준 ( Hyuk Joon Choi ),박종현 ( Jong Hyun Park ) 한국식품영양학회 2010 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

Lactic acid bacteria from traditional Korean foods of Tarak and Kimchi was isolated and characterized against carcinogenic Helicobacter pylori. Five Tarak and 30 Kimchi, traditional lactic acid-fermented foods, were collected from Andong area and the markets in Seoul, respectively and 15 lactic acid bacteria were isolated. Among them, two isolates were selected from high growth-inhibitory activities on H. pylori. The isolates were identified as Streptococcus thermophilus LAB kw15 from Tarak and Leuconostoc mesenteroides LAB kw5 from Kimchi by the biochemical characteristics and 16S DNA sequencing. The culture solutions of the isolates adjusted to pH 7.0 showed H. pylori inhibition. The isolates grew well and H. pylori did not grow during the co-culture with those strains. Therefore, L. mesenteroides LAB kw5 and S. thermophilus LAB kw15 might be the candidates as the functional lactic acid bacteria for improving stomach health.

저항운동시 강도-차이가 중년남성의 골 대사 마커에 미치는 영향

이영덕(Lee Young-Duck) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The study analyzed changes of Osteoca1cin (OC), bone-formation marker, Bone Alkaline Phosphatase (BALP) and Deoxypyri-dinoline (DPD), bone absorption marker, to make a close inquiry into intensity of resistance exercise more effectively to increase bone intensity. The study carried out resistance exercise for 12 weeks five times a week with 21 middle-age men not carrying out regular body activities usually in 51-59 years old in full who live in P City. The study classified group into 8)% of IRM (7 persons), 60"/0 (7 persons) and 70% (7 persons). The study carried out two-way ANOVA by repeated measure with SPSS 15.0 Program. The study carried out paired t-test and SNK for post-hoc analysis. The study set up significant level as a=.05. As the results of the study, OC had a significant increase after exercise in all groups of 8)%, 60% and 70%. In differences among groups, 60% group after exercise had higher numerical value than 8)% group and 70% group. BALP didn't have significant differences in 8)% group before/after exercise by each group and had a significant increase after exercise in 60% group and 70%group. In differences among groups, 60% group after exercise had higher numerical value than 8)% group and 70% group. DPD had a significant reduction after exercise in all groups of 8)%, 60% and 70% and didn't have a significant difference among groups after exercise. Consequently OC, BALP and DPD to change bone intensity can be changed by adjustment of intensity in resistance exercise. It is thought that 60% exercise intensity is relatively more effective than exercise intensity of 8)% or 70%.

남자대학 골프선수의 등속성 근기능이 드라이버 샷 비거리에 미치는 영향

이영덕(Lee Young-Duck) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study is to discuss and analyze the effects of isokinetic strength functions by joint regions on the driver shot distances of 25 collegian golf players living in B City and registered as members of Korea Golf Association. The strength functions (peak torque, average power, and muscular endurance)of knee, trunk, shoulder, ankle, elbow and wrist are measured for isokinetic strength functions by using CYBEX770. Driver shot distances are measured by using albatross screen golf. The materials are processed by SPSS12.0, joint and strength functions being independent variables and driver shot distances dependent variables. The method of Multiple regression analysis is used with statistical significance of α=0.5. The conclusions obtained by the testing methods and data analyes mentioned above are as follows: 1. For the effects of strength function on driver shot distances, Peak torque and average power regularly effect on driver shot distances, but muscular endurance doesn't effect on them. 2. For the effects of peak torque by joint regions on driver shot distances, knee right extension & flexion, shoulder left extension & flexion and right extension elbow, wrist, and trunk right and left extention & flexion all have effects on the distances. However knee left extension & flexion, shoulder right flexion, ankle right and left inversion & eversion, all don't effect on the distances. 3. For the effects of average power by joint regions on driver shot distances. Knee left extension & flexion, shoulder left extension & flexion, elbow left and right extension & flexion, wrist right and left extension & flexion, and trunk extention & flexion, all respectively effect on the distances. However, ankle right and left inversion & eversion, all don't effect on them. 4. For the effect of muscular endurance by joint regions on driver shot distances, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist, trunk, ankle, all don't effects on the distances.

웨이트 트레이닝 운동형태의 차이가 유도선수의 주관절, 요부관절, 슬관절 등속성 근 기능에 미치는 영향

이영덕(Lee Young-Duck) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was Difference of Weight training method on Isokinetic Muscular Function of Elbo Joint, Trunk Joint, Knee Joint in Judo Player This study in a ascending system, disending system, drop system program was on the isokinetic muscular function of elbo joint, Trunk joint, knee joint in the an Judo Player 24 persons with the intention of system ascending set system 8persons, disending set system program 8persons. drop set system program 8persons. This study was training subjects were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeted measure. The result of this study elbo flexion peak torque was presents between point of time plain increase expressed but between group was plain not expressed difference and musclar endurance was presents between point of time plain increase expressed of extension and flexion but between group was plain not expressed difference. trunk joint was extensionㆍflexion peak torque was presents between point of time plain increase expressed but between group was plain not expressed difference and muscular endurance was presents between point of time plain increase expressed of extension and flexion but between group was plain not expressed difference. knee joint was extensionㆍflexion peak torque was presents between point of time plain increase expressed and extension peak torque was drop set group point on the index, up from decending set group. flexion peak torque was drop set group and ascending set group point on the index, up from decending set group. knee endurance was presents between point of time plain increase expressed of extension and flexion but between group was plain not expressed difference.